Tratamento de águas residuais resultantes da indústria de comunicação gráfica com a impressão “Offset”. Estudo de caso

This work evaluates the treatment of effluents generated in the lithographic industry with the “offset” method, applying the coagulation, flocculation, flotation, and ozonation processes. The following parameters are measured in the water in each treatment process: pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electroconductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and turbidity. For each process, the percentage of removal shows the effectiveness of the process, and a cost analysis is performed for each m3 of water to be treated. The coagulating agent that reacted was aluminum polychloride (PAC), which removed 56.35% of COD, 52.14% of TOC, and 92.29% of turbidity. The clarified water obtained after the coagulation, flocculation, and flotation process and subjected to oxidation with ozone obtained removals of 32.91% COD, 94.54% turbidity, and 27.38% TOC. A spectrophotometric sweep was carried out to qualitatively confirm the removal of contaminants by changes in the absorbances of the samples. To achieve a greater decrease in COD and TOC, it is necessary to increase the ozonation time, and the pH of the water during the process and intensify it with UV radiation of 254 nm to increase the production of ozone and OH* radicals.En este trabajo se evalúa el tratamiento de efluentes generados en la industria litográfica con método “offset”, aplicando el proceso de coagulación, floculación, flotación y ozonización. En el agua se miden los siguientes parámetros en cada proceso de tratamiento, estos son: pH, sólidos disueltos totales (TDS), electroconductividad (EC), carbono orgánico total (COT), demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) y turbidez. De cada proceso se analiza el porcentaje de remoción obtenido para determinar la efectividad del mismo y se realiza un análisis de costos por cada m3 de agua a tratar. El agente coagulante que reaccionó fue el policloruro de aluminio (PAC) logrando remover el 56,35% en DQO, 52,14% en COT y 92,29% en turbidez. El agua clarificada obtenida posterior al proceso de coagulación, floculación y flotación siendo sometida a oxidación con ozono obtuvo remociones del 32,91% de DQO, 94,54% de turbiedad y 27,38% de COT. Se efectuó un barrido espectrofotométrico con el objetivo de confirmar cualitativamente la remoción de contaminantes por los cambios en las absorbancias de las muestras. Para lograr una mayor disminución de DQO y COT se requiere aumentar el tiempo de ozonización, el pH del agua durante el proceso e intensificarlo con radiacón UV de 254 nm que incremente la producción de ozono y radicales OH*.Este trabalho avalia o tratamento dos efluentes gerados na indústria litográfica com o método “offset”, aplicando o processo de coagulação, floculação, flotação e ozonização. Os seguintes parâmetros da água s˜ao medidos em cada processo de tratamento: pH, s´ólidos dissolvidos totais (TDS), eletro condutividade (EC), carbono orgânico total (TOC), demanda química de oxigênio (COD) e turbidez. Para cada processo, a porcentagem de remoção obtida é analisada para determinar a eficácia do processo sendo feita uma análise de custo para cada m3 de água a ser tratada. O agente coagulante que reagiu foi o policloreto de alumínio (PAC), que removeu 56,35% da CQO, 52,14% da COT e 92,29% da turbidez. A água clarificada obtida após o processo de coagulação, floculação e flutuação e submetida á oxidação com ozônio obteve remo  es de 32,91% de COD, 94,54% de turbidez e 27,38% de TOC. Foi realizada uma varredura espectrofotométrica de modo a confirmar qualitativamente a remoção de poluentes através de mudanças nas absorvâncias das amostras. Para conseguir uma maior redução na DQO e COT, é necessário aumentar o tempo de ozonização, o pH da água durante o processo e intensificar o processo com radiação UV de 254 nm, aumentando a produção de ozônio e radicais OH*

Evaluación del riesgo de infección por COVID-19 en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca mediante una herramienta TIC

Introducción: The use of technology in the health area is applied through telemedicine and the use of applications for many activities. In our case in risk detection and patient prioritization to COVID-19. Objective: Document the experience in the mobile application use "VALLE CORONA" to COVID-19 and risk stratification. Methods: It is an operational and observational research. A mobile application was designed with 14 questions that were established according to the evidence and recommendations of experts and international institutions and the Colombian National Institute of Health. An algorithm was developed to classify the risk and thus establish possible cases or suspected cases. The risk was established according to the traffic light. Green: Low risk of being infected by SARS COV2, orange: intermediate risk, red: high risk of being infected. Results: The app was used by 3,165 people, 1,893 men and 1,273 women, median age of 37.38 years; 2,026 users between 25-50 years. Algorithm classification was: GREEN: 2,761 cases. RED: 270 cases. >60 years were 23 users and in <60 years were 247. ORANGE: 134 cases >60 years were 11 users and for <60 years 123 cases. Conclusions: The mobile application for the control of a pandemic at the local level is real, economic and has an impact on the follow-up of cases and prioritization of them, in addition to generating an articulation with the different institutions with a cross-sectoral approach; highlighting the success of the mobilization of experts in epidemiology.Introducción: La utilización de la tecnología en el área de la salud es aplicada mediante la telemedicina y utilización de aplicaciones para diversas actividades. En nuestro caso para la detección del riesgo y priorización de pacientes para intervención. Objetivo: Documentar la experiencia en el uso de una aplicación móvil “VALLE CORONA” para COVID-19 y la estratificación del riesgo. Métodos: Es una Investigación operativa y observacional. Se diseño una aplicación con 14 preguntas que se establecieron de acuerdo a la evidencia y recomendaciones de expertos e instituciones internacionales y del Instituto Nacional de Salud colombiano. Se elaboró un algoritmo para clasificar el riesgo y así establecer posibles casos o casos sospechosos. El riesgo se estableció según el semáforo. Verde: Bajo riesgo de cursar con infección por SARS COV2, naranja: riesgo intermedio, rojo: alto riesgo de cursar con la infección. Resultados: La aplicación fue utilizada por 3,165 usuarios, 1,893 hombres y 1,273 mujeres, mediana de edad: 37.38 años; 2,026 usuarios entre 25-50 años. Clasificación del algoritmo: VERDE: 2,761 casos. ROJO:  270 casos. >60 años fueron 23 usuarios y en <60 años fueron 247. NARANJA: 134 casos > 60 años fueron 11 usuarios y para los <60 años 123 casos. Conclusiones: La aplicación móvil para el control de una pandemia a nivel local es real, económica y tiene impacto para el seguimiento de casos y priorización de ellos, además que genera una articulación con las diferentes instituciones con enfoque transectorial e intersectorial; destacándose el éxito de la movilización de los expertos en epidemiologia

Propuesta en Supply Chain Management y Logística en la empresa Bayer S.A.

Imágenes, tablas, gráficasEste proyecto final se realiza para aplicar todos los conocimientos adquiridos durante todas las fases del diplomado. Inicialmente en la fase 2, se identificaron los miembros de la Red a la cual pertenece la empresa (Clientes y proveedores), se elabora la red estructural y se explica cada una de las dimensiones estructurales de la red de valor. En la fase 3, el grupo colaborativo describe los procesos para la empresa, según enfoque del GSCF. Para la fase 4, se describen los procesos para Bayer S.A., según enfoque de APICS-SCOR. Seguidamente en la fase 5, se analiza la posición de Colombia en términos de logística, según informe del Banco Mundial. En la Fase 6, sepropone un modelo de gestión de inventarios para la empresa antes mencionada. Así mismo en la fase 7, se propone un Layout para el almacén o centro de distribución de la empresa objeto de estudio. En la fase 8, seidentificar los modos y medios de transporte utilizados. En la fase 9, se propone una estrategia de aprovisionamiento. Para la fase 10, se Identificar los beneficios al implementar estrategias de DRP y TMS. En la fase 11, se logra identificar las megatendencias en Supply Chain Management y logística. Una vez analizadas las fases 2 hasta la 10, el grupo colaborativo finalmente realiza una propuesta en Supply Chain Management y Logística en la empresa Bayer S.A.This final project is carried out to apply all the knowledge acquired during all the stages of the diploma course. Initially in phase 2, the members of the Network to which the company belongs (Clients and suppliers) were identified, the structural network is elaborated and each of the structural dimensions of the value network is explained. In phase 3, the collaborative group describes the processes for the company, according to the GSCF's approach. For phase 4, the processes for Bayer S.A. are described, according to the APICS-SCOR approach. Then in phase 5, Colombia's position in terms of logistics is analyzed, according to a World Bank report. In Phase 6, an inventory management model for the aforementioned company is proposed. Likewise, in phase 7, a Layout is proposed for the warehouse or distribution center of the company under study. In phase 8, the modes and means of transport used will be identified. In phase 9, a sourcing strategy is proposed. For phase 10, identify the benefits of implementing DRP and TMS strategies. In phase 11, it is possible to identify the mega-trends in Supply Chain Management and logistics. Once phases 2 through 10 have been analyzed, the collaborative group finally makes a proposal for Supply Chain Management and Logistics at Bayer S.A

NEUROCANTRIAL: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a pain neuroscience education programme in adults with cancer pain

Introduction Pain is the second most frequent symptom reported in patients with cancer among the main reasons for consultation. The incorporation of educational modalities in pain intervention processes has been suggested. This study aims to examine the efficacy of neuroscience pain education (PNE) in relation to pain, biopsychosocial variables and functional capacity in comparison with conventional treatment. It is hypothesised that an intervention based on PNE achieves better outcomes than conventional management, in terms of pain, biopsychosocial variables and functional capacity in adults with oncological pain. Methods and analysis This will be a single-blind, controlled clinical trial in which two groups will be compared using changes in pain as the primary measure. The first group will receive conventional treatment in addition to PNE, and participants will undergo an intervention of nine sessions (one session per week, for a total of 9 weeks), each lasting 30-40 min. Specifically, these sessions will teach biophysiological elements using metaphors that allow the adoption of these concepts related to pain. The second group will receive conventional treatment (pharmacological treatment). For this study, a sample size calculation was made based on the background, where 80 adults with oncological pain were required. An initial evaluation will be made to establish the baseline characteristics, and then, according to the randomisation, the assignment to the PNE group or the control group will be made and the two groups will be summoned again. Ten weeks later, for the intervention evaluation, the statistical analysis plan will be established by protocol and by intention-to-treat. Ethics and dissemination This protocol complies with all ethical considerations. The authors commit to presenting the study's results. This study was approved by the ethics committees of the Universidad Santiago de Cali, Clínica de Occidente/Angiografía de Occidente. The authors commit to presenting the study's results. Trial registration number NCT05581784

Effects of tannins and saponins contained in foliage of Gliricidia sepium and pods of Enterolobium cyclocarpum on fermentation, methane emissions and rumen microbial population in crossbred heifers

Incorporation of foliage and pods of tropical legumes in ruminant rations is an alternative to mitigate enteric methane emissions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of adding increasing levels of ground pods of Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb. mixed with foliage of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. on emissions of ruminal methane (CH4), volatile fatty acid proportions, rumen pH and microbial population in cattle. Four heifers (218 ± 18 kg LW) were fed (13 days) 0, 15, 30, and 45% of pods of E. cyclocarpum mixed with foliage of G. sepium, which were supplemented to a basal ration of Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. Data were analyzed as a 4 × 4 Latin square. After three days of CH4 measurements in open-circuit respiration chambers, rumen fluid was collected to determine volatile fatty acid (VFA) molar proportions and quantify the microbial population. Samples of ration ingredients, refusals and feces were collected to evaluate nutrient composition. Foliage and pods of legumes provided crude protein (CP), condensed tannins (CT) and saponins, while grass was characterized by higher concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Dry matter intake (DMI) was 5.35 kg/day on average (P = 0.272). Apparent fiber digestibility was reduced (81 g/kg) and digestible CP intake (13 g/kg) increased when E. cyclocarpum mixed with G. sepium in rations were given (P  0.05). Substitution of 15 and 30% of pods of E. cyclocarpum mixed with foliage of G. sepium in the ration, decreases annual methane emissions per unit product, without affecting dry matter intake or rumen microbial population, on the contrary, digestible CP intake and animal productivity increased due to supply of CP, CT and saponins

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a cat owned by a COVID-19−affected patient in Spain

COVID-19 is the most devastating pandemic in recent history. As with many emerging infectious diseases, it is of zoonotic origin, meaning that animals played a major role in the initial transmission events. Despite SARS-CoV-2 being highly adapted to jump from human to human, several animal species are naturally susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, including pets such as cats. In the present report, a cat from a family with several relatives affected by COVID-19 developed severe respiratory clinical signs, leading to humanitarian euthanasia. Due to the suspicion of a potential COVID-19 infection in the cat, different antemortem and postmortem tests were assayed. The clinical condition was finally attributed to a feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but the animal was also infected by SARS-CoV-2. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19, is considered a zoonotic pathogen mainly transmitted human to human. Few reports indicate that pets may be exposed to the virus. The present report describes a cat suffering from severe respiratory distress and thrombocytopenia living with a family with several members affected by COVID-19. Clinical signs of the cat prompted humanitarian euthanasia and a detailed postmortem investigation to assess whether a COVID-19−like disease was causing the condition. Necropsy results showed the animal suffered from feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and severe pulmonary edema and thrombosis. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was only detected in nasal swab, nasal turbinates, and mesenteric lymph node, but no evidence of histopathological lesions compatible with a viral infection were detected. The cat seroconverted against SARS-CoV-2, further evidencing a productive infection in this animal. We conclude that the animal had a subclinical SARS-CoV-2 infection concomitant to an unrelated cardiomyopathy that led to euthanasia

Heterogeneous Infectivity and Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Beta, Delta and Omicron in Transgenic K18-hACE2 and Wildtype Mice

Altres ajuts: Fundació La Marató de TV3 202126-30-21The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) may display enhanced transmissibility, more severity and/or immune evasion; however, the pathogenesis of these new VOCs in experimental SARS-CoV-2 models or the potential infection of other animal species is not completely understood. Here we infected K18-hACE2 transgenic mice with B.1, B.1.351/Beta, B.1.617.2/Delta and BA.1.1/Omicron isolates and demonstrated heterogeneous infectivity and pathogenesis. B.1.351/Beta variant was the most pathogenic, while BA.1.1/Omicron led to lower viral RNA in the absence of major visible clinical signs. In parallel, we infected wildtype (WT) mice and confirmed that, contrary to B.1 and B.1.617.2/Delta, B.1.351/Beta and BA.1.1/Omicron can infect them. Infection in WT mice coursed without major clinical signs and viral RNA was transient and undetectable in the lungs by day 7 post-infection. In silico modeling supported these findings by predicting B.1.351/Beta receptor binding domain (RBD) mutations result in an increased affinity for both human and murine ACE2 receptors, while BA.1/Omicron RBD mutations only show increased affinity for murine ACE2

Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity

[EN] Here, we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (P = 1.3 × 10−22 and P = 8.1 × 10−12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (P = 4.4 × 10−8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (P = 2.7 × 10−8) and ARHGAP33 (P = 1.3 × 10−8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, P = 4.1 × 10−8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided.S

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery