Evolución de la viremia de PCV-2 en transición en una integradora entre 2020 y 2022 en función del estatus de PRRSV

El circovirus porcino 2 (PCV-2) supone un reto económico para la industria porcina. Pese a la efectividad de su vacunación, las coinfecciones, especialmente con el virus del síndrome reproductivo y respiratorio Porcino (PRRSV), pueden agravar la severidad de la o pueden inducir a la enfermedad sistémica por PCV-2 (circovirosis porcina). El presente estudio evaluó los niveles de anticuerpos de PCV-2 al destete, y la viremia de PCV-2 y de PRRSV en muestras de suero analizadas en pools al destete, a las 6 y 9 semanas de vida en 2020 (48 granjas de una misma integradora) y 2022 (28 de las 48 analizadas previamente). La frecuencia de detección de PCV-2 aumentó a final de transición en ambos años, y las coinfecciones se detectaron en una proporción significativa de granjas. Las granjas que pasaron de negativas a PCV-2 por qPCR a positivas tuvieron un aumento en la detección de PRRSV y una reducción en los niveles de anticuerpos frente a PCV-2.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Insights into Nitzschia amphibia Grunow (Bacillariophyta, Bacillariaceae): Lectotypification and a comparative study with N. amphibioides Hustedt and N. semirobusta Lange-Bertalot

Aquest recurs no està disponible en accés obert per política de l’editorial. This item isn't open access because of publisher's Policy.The original description and illustrations of Nitzschia amphibia by Grunow in 1862 are insufficiently clear for the accurate identification of contemporary specimens, which may have contributed to misidentifications among N. amphibia, N. amphibioides, and N. semirobusta commonly found in the literature. This study aims to clarify the morphological differences between these three species by examining both historical and recent samples, along with the original description of N. amphibia. The species are compared morphologically, and a lectotype for N. amphibia is designated. This work also includes the first report of scanning electron microscopy images of N. amphibioides. While fibula morphology clearly distinguishes N. amphibia from N. semirobusta, measurements such as valve length, width, and the densities of striae and fibulae do not separate these two species. In contrast, N. amphibioides is distinctly different, characterized by longer, wider, and more robust valves with coarser striation. Additionally, this study reassesses various previously published records and revises some identifications based on newly gathered data.We are grateful to FAPEAM (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas) for financial support and scholarship to the first author (010/2015 PROPG-AM). We also thank Dr Tanja Schuster, Curator of Cryptogams at W, for advice concerning Grunow’s collections, while Prof. Dr. Bart Van de Vijver provided invaluable images of Nitzschia amphibia from the lectotype, Grunow sample 188. Frieda Christie gave valuable technical support for SEM observations in RBGE. IRTA receives support from the CERCA Programme/ Generalitat de Catalunya; the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is supported by the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division. Maxim Kulikovskiy work was carried out with financial support by the Russian Science Foundation (24-14-00165, https://rscf.ru/project/24-14-00165/ accessed on 10 November 2024) for LM and by the framework of state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (theme 122042700045-3) for finishing manuscript. We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers, whose valuable suggestions have significantly improved this paper. With profound gratitude, we acknowledge the late Luc Ector† and Eduardo Antônio Morales† for their invaluable contributions to the drafting and revision of the early versions of this manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nuevas tecnologías para la mejora de la calidad ambiental y el bienestar animal

La calidad ambiental dentro de las granjas de porcino se considera un factor de riesgo importante tanto para el desarrollo de patologías respiratorias, como en el desarrollo de problemas de conducta como la caudofagia. Recientemente, se ha relacionado además con posibles modificaciones de la microbiota intestinal o efectos de inmunosupresión. El proyecto LIFE-MEGA se realizó con el objetivo de testar dos nuevas tecnologías, un filtro seco y un filtro húmedo, cuyo objetivo era tanto el de reducir las emisiones de gases y partículas, como reducir sus niveles dentro de las granjas. Los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento sugieren que el filtro seco fue más eficaz a nivel tecnológico, lo que también resultó en un mayor número de indicadores de bienestar animal mejorados. En cuanto al filtro húmedo, cuya madurez tecnológica era de partida inferior, mostró un efecto menos consistente, sugiriendo que deben todavía mejorarse algunos aspectos de su funcionamiento.Este estudio ha sido posible gracias a la financiación de la Unión Europea mediante el programa LIFE (LIFE-MEGA project, LIFE18/ENV/IT/000200, https://lifemega.unimi.it/es/). Se agradece la colaboración de la empresa Terragrisa SL en la ejecución experimental.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Lógica del control del riego

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Circovirus porcino 2: ¿a quién y cuándo vacunar y cómo lo puedo monitorizar?

Circovirus porcino 2 (PCV-2) es uno de los patógenos más relevantes que afecta a los cerdos a nivel mundial, dando lugar a varias patologías que se pueden prevenir mediante el uso de vacunas. Estos productos representan el método de control más efectivo de las infecciones por PCV-2 y se pueden administrar a lechones, cerdas, o ambos, siendo la vacunación de lechones junto con la vacunación de la reposición la práctica más común. Su eícacia se puede monitorizar mediante el uso de qPCR y ELISA. Para poder maximizar el potencial de la vacunación y evitar pérdidas económicas, es crucial determinar el momento óptimo de administración de la vacuna. Este artículo de revisión contempla diferentes escenarios de vacunación basados en diversos momentos de aplicación y combinaciones de grupos de edad, teniendo en cuenta el momento de gestación de las cerdas y edad de los lechones, con el objetivo de ofrecer información útil para una estrategia de vacunación efectiva.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cepas virulentas de PRRSV en España. Origen, variabilidad e impacto clínico

Una de las principales características del virus del PRRS (PRRSV) es su elevada variabilidad genética. Dicha variabilidad supone una perpetua expansión que facilita la aparición continua de nuevas cepas, algunas de ellas de alta virulencia. Desde el año 2020, circula en España una cepa recombinante perteneciente a un clado del virus detectado inicialmente en Italia. La cepa, comúnmente conocida como Rosalía, ha causado brotes clínicos de una gravedad no descrita antes en nuestro país, caracterizados por elevados porcentajes de abortos y mortalidades muy altas en todas las fases de crecimiento, incluso en cerdas reproductoras. En el presente artículo, resumimos los datos de los estudios realizados hasta el momento con dicha cepa, principalmente en cuanto al origen, variabilidad genética y clínica observada durante los primeros meses de aparición.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Integrated monitoring of Lobesia botrana using LED traps and allelochemicals in pheromone-disrupted vineyards

Aquest recurs no està disponible en accés obert per política de l’editorial. This item isn't open access because of publisher's PolicySex pheromone-based mating disruption (MD) is used to manage the European grapevine moth (EGVM), Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in vineyards of Europe and South America. Monitoring of EGVM with sex pheromone lures under MD is difficult and alternative methods to track this pest are needed. A lure comprised of 2-phenyl ethanol and acetic acid (2-PET/AA) is attractive for EGVM but has not been tested under MD nor in combination with light emitting diodes (LEDs) enhancing moths catch. Traps baited with the 2-PET/AA lure with or without LEDs emitting three different peak wavelengths (UV-A, blue, and green) were compared with traps baited with a sex pheromone lure. Experiments were performed in vineyards under MD in both Chile and Spain. Traps with 2-PET/AA with LEDs caught significantly more total moths than traps with sex pheromone lures from late season in Chile. The addition of the UV-A LED significantly increased EGVM catches from the 2-PET/AA lure alone from mid to late season in Chile and Spain. The addition of the UV-A LED with the 2-PET/AA lure outperformed both the blue and green LEDs for females and total moths from late season in Chile and Spain. The proportions of female EGVM mated were not different between treatments, but were variable among trials and increased seasonally. Catches of some groups of non-targets (other lepidopterans and dipterans) increased with the use of the UV-A LED and were on average much greater than of EGVM, but did not prevent the higher catches of EGVM with this treatment.The authors thank Dr. Blas Lavandero (Universidad de Talca) for assistance with statistical analysis, and Elías González and Alexis Muñoz for field work support. We also thank “Programa Nacional de Lobesia botrana” (SAG, Chile) for the collaboration in the selection of vineyards for the field trials in Chile. YI was supported by ANID PhD Scholarship 21220564, and funding from Doctorado en Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca. The authors also thank partial funding from Research Ring in Pest Insects and Climate Change (ANID ATE/230025). Also, thanks to the CERCA project of the Generalitat of Catalonia.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The multi-site PeachRefPop collection: a true cultural heritage and international scientific tool for fruit trees

Plants have evolved a range of adaptive mechanisms that adjust their development and physiology to variable external conditions, particularly in perennial species subjected to long-term interplay with the environment. Exploiting the allelic diversity within available germplasm and leveraging the knowledge of the mechanisms regulating genotype interaction with the environment are crucial to address climatic challenges and assist the breeding of novel cultivars with improved resilience. The development of multisite collections is of utmost importance for the conservation and utilization of genetic materials and will greatly facilitate the dissection of genotype-by-environment interaction. Such resources are still lacking for perennial trees, especially with the intrinsic difficulties of successful propagation, material exchange and living collection maintenance. This work describes the concept, design and realization of the first multi-site peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] reference collection (PeachRefPop: PRP) located across different European countries and sharing the same experimental design. Other than an invaluable tool for scientific studies in perennial species, the PRP provides a milestone in an international collaborative project for the conservation and exploitation of European peach germplasm resources and, ultimately, as a true heritage for future generations.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

PLANT UNCOUPLING MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN 2 localizes to the Golgi

Mitochondria act as cellular hubs of energy transformation and metabolite conversion in most ukaryotes. Plant mitochondrial electron transport chains are particularly flexible, featuring components that can bypass proton translocation steps, such as ALTERNATIVE NAD(P)H DEHYDROGENASES and ALTERNATIVE OXIDASES (AOXs). PLANT UNCOUPLING MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEINS (PUMPs or plant UNCOUPLING PROTEINS [UCPs]) have been identified in plants as homologs of mammalian UCPs, and their physiological roles have been investigated in the context of mitochondrial energy metabolism. To dissect UCP function in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the 2 most conserved family members, UCP1 and UCP2, have been genetically ablated assuming that they both reside in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Yet, contradicting results have been reported on plant UCP2 localization.This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsge meinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) through the Research Training Group GRK 2064 “Water use efficiency and drought stress responses: From Arabidopsis to Barley” to A.J.M. and M.S., a joint project grant to A.R.F. and M.S. (FE 552/44-1; SCHW 1719/9-1), the infrastructure grant INST 211/903-1 FUGG for a confocal microscope as operated by the Imaging Network of the University of Münster (RI_00497), and the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (MCIN)/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)/ 10.13039/501100011033 project PID2020-120229RA-I00. E.F.-P. was supported by a predoctoral fellowship PRE2021-097120 and I.F.S. by the “Ramón y Cajal” contract RYC2019-028030-I, both funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future.” P.B. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship 200385/2022-4 funded by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Assessing Nature Based Solutions for Managing Coastal Bays

Aquest recurs no està disponible en accés obert per política de l’editorial. This item isn't open access because of publisher's policyThis work investigates the hydrodynamic response of two small and shallow bays located in the Ebro Delta, in order to solve the problems affecting mussel farms, such as the high temperatures reached in the summer period (>28 °C), causing the death of these bivalves, and the limited water renewal that causes anoxia within the bay. Nature Based Solutions are described focusing on two aspects: one, modifying the flow of these drainage channels, increasing the arrival of freshwater to the bays; and two, opening a gap in the sand bars so that there is a flow of sea water in and out through the innermost zone, which is where both bays have greater problems of water renewal. The impact of those solutions simulated with the Regional Oceans Modeling System (ROMS), consist of a set of nested domains that use CMEMS-IBI data for the initial and open boundary conditions (coarser domain). To validate the numerical model, data from in situ campaigns have been used for one full year (2014) for Alfacs Bay, and for the summer period (July-August 2017) for Fangar Bay. In addition, the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is also studied as an indicator to reduce the mortality problems of mussels, but the results obtained do not reduce this variable. What the results do show is a decrease in residence time in both bays for both experiments, with the increase in flow being more viable than the increase in sand bar breakage.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio