Enumeration of flattened kk-Stirling permutations with respect to descents

A $k$-Stirling permutation of order $n$ is said to be "flattened" if the leading terms of its increasing runs are in ascending order. We show that flattened $k$-Stirling permutations of order $n+1$ are in bijection correspondence with a colored variant of type $B$ set partitions of $[-n,n]$, introduced by D.G.L. Wang. Using the theory of weighted labelled structures, we give the exponential generating functions of their cardinality and their descent enumerating polynomials. We also provide enumerative formulae for the number of flattened $k$-Stirling permutations of order $n$ with small number of descents and the number of flattened Stirling permutations with maximum number of descents.Comment: 22 pages, 1 table. Comments are welcom

qq-enumeration of type B and D Eulerian polynomials based on parity of descents

Carlitz and Scoville in 1973 considered four-variable polynomials enumerating the permutations according to the parity of both descents and ascents. In a recent work, Pan and Zeng proved a $q$-analogue of Carlitz-Scoville's generating function by counting the inversion number. Moreover, they also proved a type B analogue by enumerating the signed permutations with respect to the parity of descent and ascent position. In this work we prove a $q$-analogue of the type B result of Pan and Zeng by counting the type B inversion number. We also obtain a $q$-analogue of the generating functions for the bivariate alternating descent polynomials. Similar results are also obtained for type D Coxeter groups. As a by-product of our proofs, we get $q$-analogues of Hyatt's recurrences for the type B and type D Eulerian polynomials.Comment: 23 pages. Comments are welcom

Implementation of a MSP430-based digital thermometer using the slope ADC of the timer port module

This report describes the slope A/D measurement of a resistance and the ease with which it can be applied to MSP430 microcontrollers. It describes a digital thermometer design that uses the slope ADC capabilities of the Timer Port module on the MSP430x3xx microcontrollers. It is used more generally as a reference on how to connect resistive sensors and reference resistors to the Timer Port module. All MSP430x3xx devices include the Timer Port module. The module allows several resistive sensors and reference resistors to be connected in an application. Unused module pins can be used as independent outputs. Slope A/D conversion is an analog-to-digital conversion technique that can be implemented with a comparator rather than a standalone ADC module or device. The technique is based on the charging/discharging of a capacitor with a known value. The number of clock cycles necessary to discharge the capacitor is then counted. Longer discharge times indicate larger voltages. The voltage is derived from the discharge time using the standard equation for capacitor discharge. In addition to digitizing voltages, a variation of the technique can be used to measure resistance. This is valuable in measuring any component that can have varying resistance, such as potentiometers and various types of transducers. Unlike voltage measurement, where the key relationship is between voltage and time while the resistance is constant, the key relationship in resistance measurement is between resistance and time, while the initial voltage remains constant. The R-relationship is linear, which means the calculation is easier and less- costly to implement in a microcontroller than for the exponential V-t relationship. The thermometer has been simulated by using a variable resistance instead of a thyristor. In addition care has been taken to optimize the power consumption by forcing the microcontroller to several low-power modes during the operation. The combination of the Timer Port module, the 16-bit CPU, and the ultra low power design provide unmatched MIPS per watt performance. The set up can be extended to provide a low power thermostat

Path-Integral Formula for Computing Koopman Eigenfunctions

The paper is about the computation of the principal spectrum of the Koopman operator (i.e., eigenvalues and eigenfunctions). The principal eigenfunctions of the Koopman operator are the ones with the corresponding eigenvalues equal to the eigenvalues of the linearization of the nonlinear system at an equilibrium point. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a novel approach for computing the principal eigenfunctions using a path-integral formula. Furthermore, we provide conditions based on the stability property of the dynamical system and the eigenvalues of the linearization towards computing the principal eigenfunction using the path-integral formula. Further, we provide a Deep Neural Network framework that utilizes our proposed path-integral approach for eigenfunction computation in high-dimension systems. Finally, we present simulation results for the computation of principal eigenfunction and demonstrate their application for determining the stable and unstable manifolds and constructing the Lyapunov function

Trauma and the Periodontal Tissues: A Narrative Review

The health of the periodontium including the soft tissues – gingiva and periodontal ligament; and the hard tissues – cementum and alveolar bone is of key importance in the overall homeostasis of the dentition. Injury to the periodontal tissues in any form such as microbial, physical, thermal, chemical, mechanical, occlusal and habitual injury affects the harmony of the periodontal attachment apparatus thereby altering the entire functioning of the dentition. The type of tissue damage when trauma is unintentional and iatrogenic tends to be acute and self-limiting. On the other hand, mechanical and occlusal forces could result in chronic damage. This book chapter provides a review on the various forms of non-microbial trauma to the periodontal tissues, their clinical manifestations and its management

The Impact of Generic Data Structures: Decoding the Role of Lists in the Linux Kernel

International audienceThe increasing adoption of the Linux kernel has been sustained by a large and constant maintenance effort, performed by a wide and heterogeneous base of contributors. One important problem that maintainers face in any code base is the rapid understanding of complex data structures. The Linux kernel is written in the C language, which enables the definition of arbitrarily uninformative datatypes, via the use of casts and pointer arithmetic, of which doubly linked lists are a prominent example. In this paper, we explore the advantages and disadvantages of such lists, for expressivity, for code understanding, and for code reliability. Based on our observations, we have developed a toolset that includes inference of descriptive list types and a tool for list visualization. Our tools identify more than 10,000 list fields and variables in recent Linux kernel releases and succeeds in typing 90%. We show how these tools could have been used to detect previously fixed bugs and identify 6 new ones

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic