581 research outputs found
Touching Annotations: A Visual Metaphor for Navigation of Annotation in Digital Documents.
Direct touch manipulation interactions with technology are now commonplace and significant interest is building around their use in the culture and heritage domain. Such interactions can give people the opportunity to explore materials and artefacts in ways that would otherwise be unavailable. These are often heavily annotated and can be linked to a large array of related digital content, thus enriching the experience for the user. Research has addressed issues of how to present digital documents and their related annotations but at present it is unclear what the optimal interaction approach to navigating these annotations in a touch display context might be.
In this paper we investigate the role of two alternative approaches to support the navigation of annotations in digitised documents in the context of a touch interface. Through a control study we demonstrate that, whilst the navigation paradigm displays a significant interaction with the type of annotations task performed, there is no discernible advantage of using a natural visual metaphor for annotation in this context. This suggests that design of digital document annotation navigation tools should account for the context and navigation tasks being considered
Relationship Difficulties Among U.K. Military Personnel: Impact of Sociodemographic, Military, and Deployment-Related Factors
Ā© 2015, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Military work, especially operational deployments, may impact the romantic relationships of military personnel. Using a subsample of 7,581 participants from a cohort study of U.K. military personnel (data collected between 2007 and 2009), the prevalence of relationship difficulties and associations with sociodemographic, military-, and deployment-related characteristics was examined. Most participants did not report experiencing relationship difficulties. Adjusted regression analyses indicate that childhood adversity, limited support for and from partners, being in unmarried relationships, financial problems, deploying for more than 13 months in 3 years, and work being above trade, ability, and experience were key factors associated with relationship difficulties. The likelihood of U.K. military personnel experiencing relationship difficulties is increased because of personal vulnerabilities that may be exacerbated in the military context
Strongly Interacting Neutrinos and the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays
Cosmic rays of energies larger than the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff
may be neutrinos if they acquire strong interactions due to a ``precocious
unification'' of forces. A scenario for this to happen is outlined. There is no
contradiction with precision measurements carried out at LEP and SLAC.
Observable consequences at LHC and future neutrino detectors are discussed.Comment: 9 pages, LaTeX2e, no macros, 2 eps. figures. Uses epsf.te
Can users recall their user experience with a technology? Temporal bias and the system usability scale.
Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays
The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device
in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken
during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the
number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for
all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The
efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments
reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per
layer is approximately 5 ns
Major merging history in CANDELS. I. Evolution of the incidence of massive galaxyāgalaxy pairs from z = 3 to z ā¼ 0
The rate of major galaxyāgalaxy merging is theoretically predicted to steadily increase with redshift during the peak epoch of massive galaxy development (1 ā¤ z ā¤ 3). We use close-pair statistics to objectively study the incidence of massive galaxies (stellar M1 > 2 Ć 1010āMā) hosting major companions (1 ā¤ M1/M2 ā¤ 4; i.e. 4:1) companions at z > 1. We show that these evolutionary trends are statistically robust to changes in companion proximity. We find disagreements between published results are resolved when selection criteria are closely matched. If we compute merger rates using constant fraction-to-rate conversion factors (Cmerg,pair = 0.6 and Tobs,pair = 0.65āGyr), we find that MR rates disagree with theoretical predictions at z > 1.5. Instead, if we use an evolving Tobs,pair(z) ā (1 + z)ā2 from Snyder et al., our MR-based rates agree with theory at 0 < z < 3. Our analysis underscores the need for detailed calibration of Cmerg,pair and Tobs,pair as a function of redshift, mass, and companion selection criteria to better constrain the empirical major merger history
Using mixed reality displays for observational learning of motor skills: A design research approach enhancing memory recall and usability
When learning an action sequence, observing a demonstration informs the knowledge of movement execution and enhances the efficiency of motor skill acquisition. Three-dimensional (3D) virtual learning environments offer more opportunities for motor skill training as they afford observational learning. Mixed reality platforms (virtual reality, desktop PC, etc.) that render 3D virtual environments can therefore increase accessibility of observational content. To explore the effectiveness of these platforms so as to facilitate observational learning of action sequences, we developed the Recovery Position Application [1] (RPA) at the Interactive System Studio, University of Plymouth. The RPA was originally designed for mobile virtual reality. The RPA displays two virtual avatars performing the steps of the recovery position. We present the design of content and interaction informed by research into observational learning of motor skills. To formatively evaluate the current functional prototype, and potential use within an educational context, RPA was tested on three different platforms. Mobile VR (N=20), desktop PC (N=20) and video recording (N=21). Memory recall of movements was recorded and the usability of the RPA was investigated. Across all three platforms, the average recall of demonstrated information was 61.88%, after using the application for 10 min. No significant differences between recall rates were identified between platforms. Participant responses were positive or very positive for both application effectiveness as a learning resource and for ease of use. These results are discussed with regard to the future development of the RPA and guidelines for virtual demonstration content
Performance and Operation of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter
The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter
using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the
closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead
tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75848 channels corresponding
to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial
operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise,
is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented
Identifying Drug Effects via Pathway Alterations using an Integer Linear Programming Optimization Formulation on Phosphoproteomic Data
Understanding the mechanisms of cell function and drug action is a major endeavor in
the pharmaceutical industry. Drug effects are governed by the intrinsic properties of the
drug (i.e., selectivity and potency) and the specific signaling transduction network of the
host (i.e., normal vs. diseased cells). Here, we describe an unbiased, phosphoproteomicbased
approach to identify drug effects by monitoring drug-induced topology alterations.
With the proposed method, drug effects are investigated under several conditions on a
cell-type specific signaling network. First, starting with a generic pathway made of
logical gates, we build a cell-type specific map by constraining it to fit 13 key
phopshoprotein signals under 55 experimental cases. Fitting is performed via a
formulation as an Integer Linear Program (ILP) and solution by standard ILP solvers; a
procedure that drastically outperforms previous fitting schemes. Then, knowing the cell
topology, we monitor the same key phopshoprotein signals under the presence of drug
and cytokines and we re-optimize the specific map to reveal the drug-induced topology
alterations. To prove our case, we make a pathway map for the hepatocytic cell line
HepG2 and we evaluate the effects of 4 drugs: 3 selective inhibitors for the Epidermal
Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and a non selective drug. We confirm effects easily
predictable from the drugsā main target (i.e. EGFR inhibitors blocks the EGFR pathway)
but we also uncover unanticipated effects due to either drug promiscuity or the cellās
specific topology. An interesting finding is that the selective EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib is
able to inhibit signaling downstream the Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1Ī±) pathway; an effect
that cannot be extracted from binding affinity based approaches. Our method represents
an unbiased approach to identify drug effects on a small to medium size pathways and
is scalable to larger topologies with any type of signaling perturbations (small molecules,
3
RNAi etc). The method is a step towards a better picture of drug effects in pathways,
the cornerstone in identifying the mechanisms of drug efficacy and toxicity
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