603 research outputs found
Short cephalomedullary nail toggle: a closer examination
Objectives: In patients with wide femoral canals, an undersized short nail may not provide adequate stability, leading to toggling of the nail around the distal interlocking screw and subsequent loss of reduction. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors associated with nail toggle and to examine whether increased nail toggle is associated with increased varus collapse.
Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Setting: Level 1 and level 3 trauma center.
Patients/Participants: Seventy-one patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures treated with short cephalomedullary nails (CMN) from October 2013 to December 2017.
Intervention: Short CMN.
Main Outcome Measurements: Nail toggle and varus collapse were measured on intraoperative and final follow-up radiographs. Risk factors for nail toggle including demographics, fracture classification, quality of reduction, Dorr type, nail/canal diameter ratio, lag screw engaging the lateral cortex, and tip-apex distance (TAD) were recorded.
Results: On multivariate regression analysis, shorter TAD (P = .005) and smaller nail/canal ratio (P \u3c .001) were associated with increased nail toggle. Seven patients (10%) sustained nail toggle \u3e4 degrees. They had a smaller nail/canal ratio (0.54 vs 0.74, P \u3c .001), more commonly Dorr C (57% vs 14%, P = .025), lower incidence of lag screw engaging the lateral cortex (29% vs 73%, P = .026), shorter TAD (13.4 mm vs 18.5 mm, P = .042), and greater varus collapse (6.2 degrees vs 1.3 degrees, P \u3c .001) compared to patients with nail toggle \u3c 4 degrees.
Conclusions: Lower percentage nail fill of the canal and shorter TAD are risk factors for increased nail toggle in short CMNs. Increased nail toggle is associated with increased varus collapse
Differential limit on the extremely-high-energy cosmic neutrino flux in the presence of astrophysical background from nine years of IceCube data
We report a quasi-differential upper limit on the extremely-high-energy (EHE)
neutrino flux above GeV based on an analysis of nine years of
IceCube data. The astrophysical neutrino flux measured by IceCube extends to
PeV energies, and it is a background flux when searching for an independent
signal flux at higher energies, such as the cosmogenic neutrino signal. We have
developed a new method to place robust limits on the EHE neutrino flux in the
presence of an astrophysical background, whose spectrum has yet to be
understood with high precision at PeV energies. A distinct event with a
deposited energy above GeV was found in the new two-year sample, in
addition to the one event previously found in the seven-year EHE neutrino
search. These two events represent a neutrino flux that is incompatible with
predictions for a cosmogenic neutrino flux and are considered to be an
astrophysical background in the current study. The obtained limit is the most
stringent to date in the energy range between and GeV. This result constrains neutrino models predicting a three-flavor
neutrino flux of $E_\nu^2\phi_{\nu_e+\nu_\mu+\nu_\tau}\simeq2\times 10^{-8}\
{\rm GeV}/{\rm cm}^2\ \sec\ {\rm sr}10^9\ {\rm GeV}$. A significant part
of the parameter-space for EHE neutrino production scenarios assuming a
proton-dominated composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is excluded.Comment: The version accepted for publication in Physical Review
LeptonInjector and LeptonWeighter: A neutrino event generator and weighter for neutrino observatories
We present a high-energy neutrino event generator, called LeptonInjector,
alongside an event weighter, called LeptonWeighter. Both are designed for
large-volume Cherenkov neutrino telescopes such as IceCube. The neutrino event
generator allows for quick and flexible simulation of neutrino events within
and around the detector volume, and implements the leading Standard Model
neutrino interaction processes relevant for neutrino observatories:
neutrino-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering and neutrino-electron annihilation.
In this paper, we discuss the event generation algorithm, the weighting
algorithm, and the main functions of the publicly available code, with
examples.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, 3 table
Searching for eV-scale sterile neutrinos with eight years of atmospheric neutrinos at the IceCube neutrino telescope
We report in detail on searches for eV-scale sterile neutrinos, in the
context of a 3+1 model, using eight years of data from the IceCube neutrino
telescope. By analyzing the reconstructed energies and zenith angles of 305,735
atmospheric and events we construct confidence
intervals in two analysis spaces: vs.
under the conservative assumption ; and
vs. given sufficiently large that
fast oscillation features are unresolvable. Detailed discussions of the event
selection, systematic uncertainties, and fitting procedures are presented. No
strong evidence for sterile neutrinos is found, and the best-fit likelihood is
consistent with the no sterile neutrino hypothesis with a p-value of 8\% in the
first analysis space and 19\% in the second.Comment: This long-form paper is a companion to the letter "An eV-scale
sterile neutrino search using eight years of atmospheric muon neutrino data
from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory". v2: update other experiments contours
on results plo
An eV-scale sterile neutrino search using eight years of atmospheric muon neutrino data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
The results of a 3+1 sterile neutrino search using eight years of data from
the IceCube Neutrino Observatory are presented. A total of 305,735 muon
neutrino events are analyzed in reconstructed energy-zenith space to test for
signatures of a matter-enhanced oscillation that would occur given a sterile
neutrino state with a mass-squared differences between 0.01\,eV and
100\,eV. The best-fit point is found to be at
and , which is consistent with the no sterile
neutrino hypothesis with a p-value of 8.0\%.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures. This letter is supported by the long-form paper
"Searching for eV-scale sterile neutrinos with eight years of atmospheric
neutrinos at the IceCube neutrino telescope," also appearing on arXiv.
Digital data release available at:
https://github.com/icecube/HE-Sterile-8year-data-releas
Measurement of the high-energy all-flavor neutrino-nucleon cross section with IceCube
The flux of high-energy neutrinos passing through the Earth is attenuated due to their interactions with matter. The interaction rate is determined by the neutrino interaction cross section and affects the flux arriving at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a cubic-kilometer neutrino detector embedded in the Antarctic ice sheet. We present a measurement of the neutrino cross section between 60 TeV and 10 PeV using the high-energy starting event (HESE) sample from IceCube with 7.5 years of data. The result is binned in neutrino energy and obtained using both Bayesian and frequentist statistics. We find it compatible with predictions from the Standard Model. While the cross section is expected to be flavor independent above 1 TeV, additional constraints on the measurement are included through updated experimental particle identification (PID) classifiers, proxies for the three neutrino flavors. This is the first such measurement to use a ternary PID observable and the first to account for neutrinos from tau decay
Paper Trails: Following the Money
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http://inallthings.org/paper-trails-following-the-money
Measurement of the prompt J/psi and psi(2S) polarizations in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
The polarizations of prompt J/psi and psi(2S) mesons are measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using a dimuon data sample collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 inverse femtobarns. The prompt J/psi and psi(2S) polarization parameters lambda[theta], lambda[phi], and lambda[theta, phi], as well as the frame-invariant quantity lambda(tilde), are measured from the dimuon decay angular distributions in three different polarization frames. The J/psi results are obtained in the transverse momentum range 14 < pt < 70 GeV, in the rapidity intervals abs(y) < 0.6 and 0.6 < abs(y) < 1.2. The corresponding psi(2S) results cover 14 < pt < 50 GeV and include a third rapidity bin, 1.2 < abs(y) < 1.5. No evidence of large transverse or longitudinal polarizations is seen in these kinematic regions, which extend much beyond those previously explored
Adherence to treatment in allergic rhinitis using mobile technology. The MASK Study
Background: Mobile technology may help to better understand the adherence to treatment. MASK-rhinitis (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis) is a patient-centred ICT system. A mobile phone app (the Allergy Diary) central to MASK is available in 22 countries. Objectives: To assess the adherence to treatment in allergic rhinitis patients using the Allergy Diary App. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out on all users who filled in the Allergy Diary from 1 January 2016 to 1 August 2017. Secondary adherence was assessed by using the modified Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) and the Proportion of days covered (PDC) approach. Results: A total of 12143 users were registered. A total of 6949 users reported at least one VAS data recording. Among them, 1887 users reported >= 7 VAS data. About 1195 subjects were included in the analysis of adherence. One hundred and thirty-six (11.28%) users were adherent (MPR >= 70% and PDC = 70% and PDC = 1.50) and 176 (14.60%) were switchers. On the other hand, 832 (69.05%) users were non-adherent to medications (MPR Conclusion and clinical relevance: Adherence to treatment is low. The relative efficacy of continuous vs on-demand treatment for allergic rhinitis symptoms is still a matter of debate. This study shows an approach for measuring retrospective adherence based on a mobile app. This also represents a novel approach for analysing medication-taking behaviour in a real-world setting.Peer reviewe
Alignment of the CMS tracker with LHC and cosmic ray data
© CERN 2014 for the benefit of the CMS collaboration, published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License by IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation and DOI.The central component of the CMS detector is the largest silicon tracker ever built. The precise alignment of this complex device is a formidable challenge, and only achievable with a significant extension of the technologies routinely used for tracking detectors in the past. This article describes the full-scale alignment procedure as it is used during LHC operations. Among the specific features of the method are the simultaneous determination of up to 200 000 alignment parameters with tracks, the measurement of individual sensor curvature parameters, the control of systematic misalignment effects, and the implementation of the whole procedure in a multi-processor environment for high execution speed. Overall, the achieved statistical accuracy on the module alignment is found to be significantly better than 10μm
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