Operando acoustic emission monitoring of degradation processes in lithium-ion batteries with a high-entropy oxide anode

In recent years, high-entropy oxides are receiving increasing attention for electrochemical energy-storage applications. Among them, the rocksalt (Co$_{0.2}$Cu$_{0.2}$Mg$_{0.2}$Ni$_{0.2}$Zn$_{0.2}$)O (HEO) has been shown to be a promising high-capacity anode material. Because high-entropy oxides constitute a new class of electrode materials, systematic understanding of their behavior during ion insertion and extraction is yet to be established. Here, we probe the conversion-type HEO material in lithium half-cells by acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. Especially the clustering of AE signals allows for correlations of acoustic events with various processes. The initial cycle was found to be the most acoustically active because of solid-electrolyte interphase formation and chemo-mechanical degradation. In the subsequent cycles, AE was mainly detected during delithiation, a finding we attribute to the progressive crack formation and propagation. Overall, the data confirm that the AE technology as a non-destructive operando technique holds promise for gaining insight into the degradation processes occurring in battery cells during cycling

Predictive maintenance as an internet of things enabled business model : A taxonomy

Predictive maintenance (PdM) is an important application of the Internet of Things (IoT) discussed in many companies, especially in the manufacturing industry. PdM uses data, usually sensor data, to optimize maintenance activities. We develop a taxonomy to classify PdM business models that enables a comparison and analysis of such models. We use our taxonomy to classify the business models of 113 companies. Based on this classification, we identify six archetypes using cluster analysis and discuss the results. The “hardware development”, “analytics provider”, and “all-in-one” archetypes are the most frequently represented in the study sample. For cluster analysis, we use a visualization technique that involves an autoencoder. The results of our analysis will help practitioners assess their own business models and those of other companies. Business models can be better differentiated by considering the different levels of IoT architecture, which is also an important implication for further research. © 2020, The Author(s)

The Effect of Co Incorporation on the CO Oxidation Activity of LaFe1−xCoxO3 Perovskites

Perovskite oxides are versatile materials due to their wide variety of compositions of- fering promising catalytic properties, especially in oxidation reactions. In the presented study, LaFe1−xCoxO3 perovskites were synthesized by hydroxycarbonate precursor co-precipitation and thermal decomposition thereof. Precursor and calcined materials were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The calcined catalysts were in addition studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N2 physisorption. The obtained perovskites were applied as catalysts in transient CO oxidation, and in operando studies of CO oxidation in diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). A pronounced increase in activity was already observed by incorporating 5% cobalt into the structure, which contin- ued, though not linearly, at higher loadings. This could be most likely due to the enhanced redox properties as inferred by H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR). Catalysts with higher Co contents showing higher activities suffered less from surface deactivation related to carbonate poisoning. Despite the similarity in the crystalline structures upon Co incorporation, we observed a different promotion or suppression of various carbonate-related bands, which could indicate different surface properties of the catalysts, subsequently resulting in the observed non-linear CO oxidation activity trend at higher Co contents

Reconstructing particles in jets using set transformer and hypergraph prediction networks

The task of reconstructing particles from low-level detector response data to predict the set of final state particles in collision events represents a set-to-set prediction task requiring the use of multiple features and their correlations in the input data. We deploy three separate set-to-set neural network architectures to reconstruct particles in events containing a single jet in a fully-simulated calorimeter. Performance is evaluated in terms of particle reconstruction quality, properties regression, and jet-level metrics. The results demonstrate that such a high dimensional end-to-end approach succeeds in surpassing basic parametric approaches in disentangling individual neutral particles inside of jets and optimizing the use of complementary detector information. In particular, the performance comparison favors a novel architecture based on learning hypergraph structure, HGPflow, which benefits from a physically-interpretable approach to particle reconstruction.Comment: 17 pages, 21 figure

t8code - scalable and modular adaptive mesh refinement

t8code is a versatile open source library for parallel adaptive mesh refinement on hybrid meshes. [1] It is exascale-ready and capable of efficiently managing meshes with up to a trillion elements distributed on a million of cores as already shown in a peer-reviewed research paper. [2] On the top-level, t8code uses forests of trees to represent unstructured meshes with complex geometries. Space-filling curves index individual elements within a forest, which requires only minimal amounts of memory allowing for efficient and scalable algorithms of mesh management. In contrast to existing solutions, t8code has the capability to manage an arbitrary number of tetrahedra, hexahedra, prisms and pyramids within the same mesh. With this poster we want to present the first official release (v1.0) of our software and give a quick overview over its main features. Besides presenting the core algorithms of t8code, we give application scenarios on how our library integrates into major simulation frameworks for weather forecasting, climate modeling and engineering; and how they benefit from our approach to do AMR. [1] https://github.com/DLR-AMR/t8code [2] https://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/20M138303

A paper-based, cell-free biosensor system for the detection of heavy metals and date rape drugs.

Gräwe A, Dreyer A, Vornholt T, et al. A paper-based, cell-free biosensor system for the detection of heavy metals and date rape drugs. PloS one. 2019;14(3): e0210940.Biosensors have emerged as a valuable tool with high specificity and sensitivity for fast and reliable detection of hazardous substances in drinking water. Numerous substances have been addressed using synthetic biology approaches. However, many proposed biosensors are based on living, genetically modified organisms and are therefore limited in shelf life, usability and biosafety. We addressed these issues by the construction of an extensible, cell-free biosensor. Storage is possible through freeze drying on paper. Following the addition of an aqueous sample, a highly efficient cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reaction is initiated. Specific allosteric transcription factors modulate the expression of 'superfolder' green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) depending on the presence of the substance of interest. The resulting fluorescence intensities are analyzed with a conventional smartphone accompanied by simple and cheap light filters. An ordinary differential equitation (ODE) model of the biosensors was developed, which enabled prediction and optimization of performance. With an optimized cell-free biosensor based on the Shigella flexneri MerR transcriptional activator, detection of 6 mug/L Hg(II) ions in water was achieved. Furthermore, a completely new biosensor for the detection of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a substance used as date-rape drug, was established by employing the naturally occurring transcriptional repressor BlcR from Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Combined measurement of differential and total cross sections in the H → γγ and the H → ZZ* → 4ℓ decay channels at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A combined measurement of differential and inclusive total cross sections of Higgs boson production is performed using 36.1 fb−1 of 13 TeV proton–proton collision data produced by the LHC and recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016. Cross sections are obtained from measured H→γγ and H→ZZ*(→4ℓ event yields, which are combined taking into account detector efficiencies, resolution, acceptances and branching fractions. The total Higgs boson production cross section is measured to be 57.0−5.9 +6.0 (stat.) −3.3 +4.0 (syst.) pb, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction. Differential cross-section measurements are presented for the Higgs boson transverse momentum distribution, Higgs boson rapidity, number of jets produced together with the Higgs boson, and the transverse momentum of the leading jet. The results from the two decay channels are found to be compatible, and their combination agrees with the Standard Model predictions

Search for High-Mass Resonances Decaying to τν in pp Collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

A search for high-mass resonances decaying to τν using proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV produced by the Large Hadron Collider is presented. Only τ-lepton decays with hadrons in the final state are considered. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1. No statistically significant excess above the standard model expectation is observed; model-independent upper limits are set on the visible τν production cross section. Heavy W′ bosons with masses less than 3.7 TeV in the sequential standard model and masses less than 2.2–3.8 TeV depending on the coupling in the nonuniversal G(221) model are excluded at the 95% credibility level