Izrada dvoplastnog alata za ubrizgavanje termoplasta postupkom zavarivanja

The article presents the technology of deposit cladding different materials, using the injection molds for thermoplastic as a case study. The aim of the study is to surface weld to the working surface of the mold a different material with corresponding physical properties. Steel (1.1141) and a copper alloy were used as the base, onto which different materials were surface-welded. Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding was employed to make molds inserts. An analysis of cross-sectioned specimens was made by optical microscopy, and chemical and hardness profiles were measured too. The thermal conductivity of base and cladded layer was also tested. Finally, a thermal fatigue test was employed to investigate the thermal fatigue properties of such surfaces.U članku predstavljena je tehnologija navarivanja različitih materijala na primjeru alata za ubrizgavanje termoplasta. Cilj istraživanja je navarivanje drukčijeg materijala s odgovarajućim fizikalnim svojstvima na radnu površinu alata. Ulošci alata izrađeni su postupkom zavarivanja volframovom elektrodom uz zaštitu inertnog plina (TIG). Kao osnova na koju su navareni različiti materijali korišteni su čelik (1.1141) i bakarna slitina. Poprečni presjek uzoraka analiziran je optičkim mikroskopom, izmjereni su i kemijski profil i profil tvrdoće. Testirana je i toplinska provodljivost osnovnog i navarenog materijala. Na kraju je izvršen i test termičkog zamora u svrhu istraživanja svojstava termičkog zamora takvih površina

Limits on scalar leptoquark interactions and consequences for GUTs

A colored weak singlet scalar state with hypercharge 4/3 is one of the possible candidates for the explanation of the unexpectedly large forward-backward asymmetry in t tbar production as measured by the CDF and D0 experiments. We investigate the role of this state in a plethora of flavor changing neutral current processes and precision observables of down-quarks and charged leptons. Our analysis includes tree- and loop-level mediated observables in the K and B systems, the charged lepton sector, as well as the Z to b bbar decay width. We perform a global fit of the relevant scalar couplings. This approach can explain the (g-2)_mu anomaly while tensions among the CP violating observables in the quark sector, most notably the nonstandard CP phase (and width difference) in the Bs system cannot be fully relaxed. The results are interpreted in a class of grand unified models which allow for a light colored scalar with a mass below 1TeV. We find that the renormalizable SU(5) scenario is not compatible with our global fit, while in the SO(10) case the viability requires the presence of both the 126- and 120-dimensional representations.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figures; version as publishe

Physics of leptoquarks in precision experiments and at particle colliders

We present a comprehensive review of physics effects generated by leptoquarks (LQs), i.e., hypothetical particles that can turn quarks into leptons and vice versa, of either scalar or vector nature. These considerations include discussion of possible completions of the Standard Model that contain LQ fields. The main focus of the review is on those LQ scenarios that are not problematic with regard to proton stability. We accordingly concentrate on the phenomenology of light leptoquarks that is relevant for precision experiments and particle colliders. Important constraints on LQ interactions with matter are derived from precision low-energy observables such as electric dipole moments, (g-2) of charged leptons, atomic parity violation, neutral meson mixing, Kaon, B, and D meson decays, etc. We provide a general analysis of indirect constraints on the strength of LQ interactions with the quarks and leptons to make statements that are as model independent as possible. We address complementary constraints that originate from electroweak precision measurements, top, and Higgs physics. The Higgs physics analysis we present covers not only the most recent but also expected results from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We finally discuss direct LQ searches. Current experimental situation is summarized and self-consistency of assumptions that go into existing accelerator-based searches is discussed. A progress in making next-to-leading order predictions for both pair and single LQ productions at colliders is also outlined.Comment: 136 pages, 22 figures, typographical errors fixed, the Physics Reports versio

Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries?

Correction: Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Article Number: 44 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00351-w Published: OCT 26 2020Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit.Peer reviewe

Prospects of discovering new physics in rare charm decays

The LHCb bounds on the branching ratio of rare decay $D^0 \to \mu^+ \mu^-$ and the constraints on the branching ratio of $D^+ \to \pi^+ \mu^+ \mu^-$ in the nonresonant regions enable us to improve constraints on new physics contributions. Using the effective Lagrangian approach we determine sizes of the Wilson coefficients allowed by the existing LHCb bounds on rare charm decays. Then we discuss contributions to rare charm meson decay observables in several models of new physics: a model with an additional spin-1 weak triplet, leptoquark models, Two Higgs doublets model of type III, and a $Z'$ model. Here we complement the discussion by $D^0 - \bar D^0$ oscillations data. Among considered models, only leptoquarks can significantly modify Wilson coefficients. Assuming that the differential decay width for $D^+ \to \pi^+ \mu^+ \mu^-$ receives NP contribution, while the differential decay width for $D^+ \to \pi^+ e^+ e^-$ is Standard Model-like, we find that lepton flavor universality can be violated and might be observed at high dilepton invariant mass.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Physics of the HL-LHC, and perspectives at the HE-LH: report from working group 4: opportunities in flavour physics at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC

Motivated by the success of the flavour physics programme carried out over the last decade at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), we characterize in detail the physics potential of its High-Luminosity and High-Energy upgrades in this domain of physics. We document the extraordinary breadth of the HL/HE-LHC programme enabled by a putative Upgrade II of the dedicated flavour physics experiment LHCb and the evolution of the established flavour physics role of the ATLAS and CMS general purpose experiments. We connect the dedicated flavour physics programme to studies of the top quark, Higgs boson, and direct high-pT searches for new particles and force carriers. We discuss the complementarity of their discovery potential for physics beyond the Standard Model, affirming the necessity to fully exploit the LHC’s flavour physics potential throughout its upgrade eras

Optimized Probes of the CP Nature of the Top Quark Yukawa Coupling at Hadron Colliders

We summarize our recent proposals for probing the CP-odd iκ˜t¯γ5th interaction at the LHC and its projected upgrades directly using associated on-shell Higgs boson and top quark or top quark pair production. We first recount how to construct a CP-odd observable based on top quark polarization in Wb→th scattering with optimal linear sensitivity to κ˜. For the corresponding hadronic process pp→thj we then present a method of extracting the phase-space dependent weight function that allows to retain close to optimal sensitivity to κ˜. For the case of top quark pair production in association with the Higgs boson, pp→tt¯h, with semileptonically decaying tops, we instead show how one can construct manifestly CP-odd observables that rely solely on measuring the momenta of the Higgs boson and the leptons and b-jets from the decaying tops without having to distinguish the charge of the b-jets. Finally, we introduce machine learning (ML) and non-ML techniques to study the phase-space optimization of such CP-odd observables. We emphasize a simple optimized linear combination α⋅ω that gives similar sensitivity as the studied fully fledged ML models. Using α⋅ω we review sensitivity projections to κ˜ at HL-LHC, HE-LHC, and FCC-hh

The manufactoring of a two–layered injection mold by welding

The article presents the technology of deposit cladding different materials, using the injection molds for thermoplastic as a case study. The aim of the study is to surface weld to the working surface of the mold a different material with corresponding physical properties. Steel (1.1141) and a copper alloy were used as the base, onto which different materials were surface-welded. Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding was employed to make molds inserts. An analysis of cross-sectioned specimens was made by optical microscopy, and chemical and hardness profiles were measured too. The thermal conductivity of base and cladded layer was also tested. Finally, a thermal fatigue test was employed to investigate the thermal fatigue properties of such surfaces