2,144 research outputs found
Supernova neutrinos: production, propagation and oscillations
I shall review some of the recent results concerning the astrophysics of a
core collapse supernova (SN) and neutrino oscillations. Neutrinos play an
important role in the SN explosion, and they also carry most of the energy of
the collapse. The energy spectra of neutrinos and antineutrinos arriving at the
Earth incorporate information on the primary neutrino fluxes as well as the
neutrino mixing scenario. The analysis of neutrino propagation through the
matter of the supernova and the Earth, combined with the observation of a
neutrino burst from a galactic SN, enables us to put limits on the mixing angle
and identify whether the mass hierarchy is normal or inverted.
The neutrino burst also acts as an early warning signal for the optical
observation, and in addition allows us to have a peek at the shock wave while
still inside the SN mantle.Comment: 8 pages, uses espcrc2.sty (Nucl. Phys. B). Talk given at Neutrino
2004, Pari
Test of T violation in neutral B decays
T violation should be tested independently of CP violation. Besides K system,
B meson decays provide another good place to study T violation. In the Standard
Model, T violation in oscillation is
expected to be small. The angular distribution of decay permits one
to extract the T-odd correlation. In the absence of final state interaction, T
violation in decay can reach via
mixing.Comment: Latex, 11 pages, revised version will appear in PL
Earth matter effects on the supernova neutrino spectra
We explore the earth matter effects on the energy spectra of neutrinos from a
supernova. We show that the observations of the energy spectra of and
from a galactic supernova may enable us to identify the solar
neutrino solution, to determine the sign of , and to probe the
mixing matrix element to values as low as . We point out
scenarios in which the matter effects can even be established through the
observation of the spectrum at a single detector.Comment: 8 pages LaTeX, 2 eps figures, uses Rinton-P9x6.cls. Talk given at
CICHEP '2001, Cairo, Egypt, January 200
Signatures of heavy sterile neutrinos at long baseline experiments
Sterile neutrinos with masses eV or higher would play an important
role in astrophysics and cosmology. We explore possible signatures of such
sterile neutrinos at long baseline experiments. We determine the neutrino
conversion probabilities analytically in a 4-neutrino framework, including
matter effects, treating the sterile mixing angles , the deviation of from maximality,as well as
and the ratio as small
parameters for a perturbative expansion. This gives rise to analytically
tractable expressions for flavor conversion probabilities from which effects of
these parameters can be clearly understood. We numerically calculate the
signals at a neutrino factory with near and far detectors that can identify the
lepton charge, and point out observables that can discern the sterile mixing
signals. We find that clean identification of sterile mixing would be possible
for \theta_{24}\theta_{34} \gsim 0.005 and \theta_{14} \gsim 0.06 rad with
the current bound of rad; a better bound
would allow probing smaller values of sterile mixing. We also generalize the
formalism for any number of sterile neutrinos, and demonstrate that only
certain combinations of sterile mixing parameters are relevant irrespective of
the number of sterile neutrinos. This also leads to a stringent test of the
scenario with multiple sterile neutrinos that currently is able to describe all
the data from the short baseline experiments, including LSND and MiniBOONE.Comment: 28 pages, 12 figures, Revtex4 forma
Self-Calibration of Neutrino Detectors using characteristic Backgrounds
We introduce the possibility to use characteristic natural neutrino
backgrounds, such as Geoneutrinos (\bar{\nu}_e) or solar neutrinos (\nu_e),
with known spectral shape for the energy calibration of future neutrino
detectors, e.g. Large Liquid Scintillator Detectors. This "CalEffect" could be
used without the need to apply any modifications to the experiment in all
situations where one has a suitable background with sufficient statistics.
After deriving the effect analytically using \chi^2 statistics, we show that it
is only tiny for reactor neutrino experiments, but can be applicable in other
situations. As an example, we present its impact on the identification of the
wiggles in the power spectrum of supernova neutrinos caused by Earth matter
effects. The Self-Calibration Effect could be used for cross checking other
calibration methods and to resolve systematical effects in the primary neutrino
interaction processes, in particular in the low energy cross sections.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Signatures of supernova neutrino oscillations in the Earth mantle and core
The Earth matter effects on supernova (SN) neutrinos can be identified at a
single detector through peaks in the Fourier transform of their ``inverse
energy'' spectrum. The positions of these peaks are independent of the SN
models and therefore the peaks can be used as a robust signature of the Earth
matter effects, which in turn can distinguish between different neutrino mixing
scenarios. Whereas only one genuine peak is observable when the neutrinos
traverse only the Earth mantle, traversing also the core gives rise to multiple
peaks. We calculate the strengths and positions of these peaks analytically and
explore their features at a large scintillation detector as well as at a
megaton water Cherenkov detector through Monte Carlo simulations. We propose a
simple algorithm to identify the peaks in the actual data and quantify the
chances of a peak identification as a function of the location of the SN in the
sky.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figure
Measurement of the Lifetime Difference of Mesons: Possible and Worthwhile?
We estimate the decay width difference in the
system including contributions and next-to-leading order QCD
corrections, and find it to be around 0.3%. We explicitly show that the time
measurements of an untagged decaying to a single final state
isotropically can only be sensitive to quadratic terms in , and hence the use of at least two different final states is desired.
We discuss such pairs of candidate decay channels for the final states and
explore the feasibility of a measurement through
them. The measurement of this width difference is essential for an accurate
measurement of at the LHC. The nonzero width difference may also
be used to identify new physics effects and to resolve a twofold discrete
ambiguity in the - mixing phase. We also derive an upper bound
on the value of in the presence of new physics, and
point out some differences in the phenomenology of width differences in the
and systems.Comment: latex, 31 pages, revised versio
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