Protocolo: revisión de literatura sobre las propiedades psicométricas de las versiones cortas de las escalas de deseabilidad social en las respuestas a cuestionarios de autoevaluación de competencias

[EN] Research in business organization in general and talent management (in university or professional students) uses in many cases self-administered questionnaires as a source of data to assess people's competencies. In clinical psychology, it has been shown that self-evaluations of behaviors may present a bias of social desirability. However, even in this field of research it is not usual to measure its effect when taking data. Our work proposes a protocol to find a set of scales of social desirability (SD) with less than 20 items that are valid and reliable. We also intend to identify if SD scales are associated with the self-assessments of some transversal competences.[ES] La investigación en organización de empresas en general y la gestión del talento (en alumnos universitarios o profesionales) usa en muchos casos los cuestionarios auto-administrados como fuente de datos para evaluar las competencias de las personas. En el área de la psicología clínica se ha demostrado que las auto-evaluaciones de conductas o comportamientos pueden presentar un sesgo de deseabilidad social. Sin embargo, ni siquiera en ése campo de investigación es habitual que se mida su efecto al tomar datos. Nuestro trabajo plantea un protocolo para encontrar un conjunto de escalas de deseabilidad social (SD) con menos de 20 ítems que sean válidas y fiables. Además, pretendemos identificar si las escalas de SD están asociadas a las auto-valoraciones de algunas competencias transversales.Marin-Garcia, JA.; Betancour, E.; Giraldo-O'meara, M. (2018). Protocol: Literature review on the psychometric properties of the short versions of the scales of social desirability in the answers to competency self-assessment questionnaires. Working Papers on Operations Management. 9(1):14-29. doi:10.4995/wpom.v9i1.9172SWORD142991Andrews, P., & Meyer, R. G. (2003). Marlowe-Crowne social Desirability Scale and short Form C: Forensic norms. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59(4), 483-492. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.10136Anthony, S., & Garner, B. (2016). Teaching soft skills to business students: An analysis of multiple pedagogical methods. Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 79(3), 360-370. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329490616642247Ayhan, M. B., & Oztemel, E. (2014). A methodology to measure the degree of managerial innovation. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 7(1), 153-173. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.927Beretvas, S. N., Meyers, J. L., & Leite, W. L. (2002). A Reliability Generalization Study of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316402128775021Bobbio, A., & Manganelli, A. M. (2011). Measuring social desirability responding. A short version of Paulhus' BIDR 6. TPM - Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 18(2), 117-135. 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V., Zárraga-Rodríguez, M., & García, C. J. (2013). A tool to assess teamwork performance in higher education. Intangible Capital, 9(1), 281-304. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.399DiLillo, D., Hayes-Skelton, S. A., Fortier, M. A., Perry, A. R., Evans, S. E., Moore, T. L. M., ... Fauchier, A. (2010). Development and initial psychometric properties of the Computer Assisted Maltreatment Inventory (CAMI): A comprehensive self-report measure of child maltreatment history. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(5), 305-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.09.015Ferrando, P. J., & Anguiano-Carrasco, C. (2010). Acquiescence and social desirability as item response determinants: An irt-based study with the marlowe-crowne and the epq lie scales. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(5), 596-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.013Ferrando, P., & Chico Librán, E. (2000). Adaptación y análisis psicométrico de la escala de deseabilidad social de marlowe y crowne. Psicothema, 12(3), 383-389.Fisher, R. J., & Katz, J. E. (2000). Social-desirability bias and the validity of self-reported values. Psychology and Marketing, 17(2), 105-120. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(200002)17:23.0.CO;2-9Francis, L. J., Brown, L. B., & Philipchalk, R. (1992). The development of an abbreviated form of the revised eysenck personality questionnaire (epqr-a): Its use among students in england, canada, the u.S.A. And australia. Personality and Individual Differences, 13(4), 443-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(92)90073-XFriese, S. (2012). Qualitative data analysis with atlas.Ti. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.García-Ros, R. (2011). Analysis and validation of a rubric to assess oral presentation skills in university contexts. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 9(3), 1043--1062.Gopinath, C. (1999). Alternatives to instructor assessment of class participation. Journal of Education for Business, 75(1), 10-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832329909598983Greenberg, B., & Weiss, P. (2012). Validation of a Short Form of the Marlowe-Crowne for Use with Law Enforcement Personnel. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 27(2), 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-012-9100-zGutiérrez, S., Sanz, J., Espinosa, R., Gesteira, C., & García-Vera, M. P. (2016). La Escala de Deseabilidad Social de Marlowe-Crowne: baremos para la población general española y desarrollo de una versión breve. Anales de Psicología, 32(1), 206-217. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.1.185471Halfhill, T. R., & Nielsen, T. M. (2007). Quantifying the "softer side" of management education: An example using teamwork competencies. Journal of Management Education, 31(1), 64-80. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562906287777Holden, R. R., Lambert, C. E., D'Agata, M. T., & Book, A. S. (2017). Response patterns for the identification of fakers: Detecting drifting dissimulators. 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Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 1(2), 119-142. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2008.v1n2.p119-142King, M. F., Bruner, G. C., Reversals, P., Kind, D., Less, M. I., Author, P., ... Tadesse, G. (2000). Social desirability bias: A neglected aspect of validity testing. Psychology & Marketing, 17(2), 79-103. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(200002)17:23.0.CO;2-0Lavrakas, P. (2008). Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, California. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963947Leach, L. (2010). Optional self-assessment: Some tensions and dilemmas. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education.Lee, Z., & Woodliffe, L. (2010). Donor Misreporting: Conceptualizing Social Desirability Bias in Giving Surveys. Voluntas, 21(4), 569-587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-010-9153-5Marin-Garcia, J. A. (2015). Publishing in two phases for focused research by means of "research collaborations". WPOM-Working Papers on Operations Management, 6(2), 76-80. https://doi.org/10.4995/wpom.v6i2.4459Marin-Garcia, J. A., & Martinez Tomas, J. (2016). Deconstructing amo framework: A systematic review. Intangible Capital, 12(4), 1040-1087. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.838Marin-Garcia, J. A., & Santandreu-Mascarell, C. (2015). What do we know about rubrics used in higher education? Intangible Capital, 11(1), 118-145. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.538Marin-Garcia, J. A., Andreu Andres, M. A., Atares-Huerta, L., Aznar-Mas, L. E., Garcia-Carbonell, A., González-Ladrón-de-Guevara, F., . . . Watts, F. (2016). Propossal of framework for innovation competencies development and assessment (fincoda). WPOM-Working Papers on Operations Management, 7(2), 119-126. https://doi.org/10.4995/wpom.v7i2.6472Marin-Garcia, J. A., Aragonés Beltran, P., & Melón, G. (2014). Intra-rater and inter-rater consistency of pair wise comparison in evaluating the innovation competency for university students. WPOM-Working Papers on Operations Management, 5(2), 24-46. https://doi.org/10.4995/wpom.v5i2.3220Marin-Garcia, J. A., Atares-Huerta, L., & Aznar-Mas, L. E. (2017). ¿cuántas competencias transversales podemos diferenciar en un auto-diagnóstico? Paper presented at the IN-RED Congreso Nacional de Innovación Educativa y de Docencia en Red, UPV. Valencia, 13 y 14 de junio 2017.Marin-Garcia, J. A., Garcia-Sabater, J. P., Perello-Marin, M. R., & Canos-Daros, L. (2009). Proposal of skills for the bachelor degree of industrial engineering in the context of the new curriculum. Intangible Capital, 5(4), 387-406. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.2009.v5n4.p387-406Marin-Garcia, J. A., Ramirez Bayarri, L., & Atares-Huerta, L. (2015). Protocol: Comparing advantages and disadvantages of rating scales, behavior observation scales and paired comparison scales for behavior assessment of competencies in workers. A systematic literature review. WPOM-Working Papers on Operations Management, 2(6), 49-63. https://doi.org/10.4995/wpom.v6i2.4032Martínez Gómez, M., Marin-Garcia, J., & Giraldo-O'Meara, M. (2016). The measurement invariance of job diagnostic survey (jds) across three university student groups. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 9(1), 17-34. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1783Medina-López, C., Alfalla-Luque, R., & Marin-Garcia, J. A. (2011). Research in operations management teaching: Trends and challenges. Intangible Capital, 7(2), 507-548. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.2011.v7n2.p507-548Medina-López, C., Marin-Garcia, J. A., & Alfalla-Luque, R. (2010). Una propuesta metodológica para la realización de búsquedas sistemáticas de bibliografía (a methodological proposal for the systematic literature review). WPOM-Working Papers on Operations Management, 1(2), 13-30. https://doi.org/10.4995/wpom.v1i2.786Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The, P. G. (2009). 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Attraction to sexual violence towards women, sexual abuse of children, and non-sexual criminal behavior: Testing the specialist vs. generalist models in male college students. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38(2), 235-243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9343-zWatts, F., Marin-Garcia, J. A., Garcia-Carbonell, A., & Aznar-Mas, L. E. (2012). Validation of a rubric to assess innovation competence. WPOM-Working Papers on Operations Management, 3(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.4995/wpom.v3i1.1159Williams, B., & Figueiredo, J. (2014). Lessons from an innovation-leader and tools to learn them. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 7(4), 932-960. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1135Zemore, S. E. (2012). The effect of social desirability on reported motivation, substance use severity, and treatment attendance. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 42(4), 400-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2011.09.013Zemore, S. E., & Ajzen, I. (2014). Predicting substance abuse treatment completion using a new scale based on the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 46(2), 174-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2013.06.01

Biological Soil Crusts as Modern Analogues for the Archean Continental Biosphere: Insights from Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes

Stable isotope signatures of elements related to life such as carbon and nitrogen can be powerful biomarkers that provide key information on the biological origin of organic remains and their paleoenvironments. Marked advances have been achieved in the last decade in our understanding of the coupled evolution of biological carbon and nitrogen cycling and the chemical evolution of the early Earth thanks, in part, to isotopic signatures preserved in fossilized microbial mats and organic matter of marine origin. However, the geologic record of the early continental biosphere, as well as its evolution and biosignatures, is still poorly constrained. Following a recent report of direct fossil evidence of life on land at 3.22 Ga, we compare here the carbon and nitrogen isotopic signals of this continental Archean biosphere with biosignatures of cyanobacteria biological soil crusts (cyanoBSCs) colonizing modern arid environments. We report the first extended δ13C and δ15N data set from modern cyanoBSCs and show that these modern communities harbor specific isotopic biosignatures that compare well with continental Archean organic remains. We therefore suggest that cyanoBSCs are likely relevant analogues for the earliest continental ecosystems. As such, they can provide key information on the timing, extent, and possibly mechanism of colonization of the early Earth's emergent landmasses

Promoting prosocial behaviour among Colombian adolescents: the evaluation of a universal school-based program using a multi-informant perspective

The present study evaluated the efficacy of an Italian school-based intervention programme adapted in three Colombian sites (Medellín, Manizales, and Santa Marta) in promoting prosocial behaviour among adolescents. Using a pre-test-post-test design with a multi-informant approach, the present study assessed 451 students (Mage = 12.77, SD = 1.06) of the intervention group and 428 students (Mage = 12.64, SD = 1.01) by using self-report and peer rating measures of prosocial behaviour. After establishing the measurement invariance across time and informants, a latent difference score model showed the positive effect of the intervention programme in improving prosocial behaviour evaluated by peers (Cohen’s d = .379) among Colombian adolescents, across all three sites. Implications of the study will be discussed

The effect of individual and classroom moral disengagement on antisocial behaviors in Colombian adolescents: A multilevel model

The present study examined the predictive effect of moral disengagement (within and between classrooms) on antisocial behaviors in Colombian adolescents, as well as the interaction of moral disengagement with classroom composition by age, socioeconomic status (SES), and perceived teacher–student relationship quality. Multilevel modeling was used to identify individual, compositional, and contextual effects on antisocial behaviors. The predictive variables were: (a) classroom mean score (i.e., between-classroom analysis), and (b) student deviation from the classroom mean score (i.e., within-classroom analysis). The sample included 879 students nested in 24 seventh-grade classrooms in three Colombian cities. The results showed that age, SES, and moral disengagement at the within-classroom level predicted antisocial behaviors. At the between-classroom level, antisocial behaviors were predicted by higher moral disengagement and lower aggregate SES. In addition, significant interactions were found between moral disengagement at the within-classroom level and SES at the between-classroom level. The findings expand our knowledge of the interdependence between individual and classroom contexts in the exercise of moral agency during adolescence

Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1

Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) is introduced as a new series of publications in order to provide a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi. This first paper focuses on 21 genera of phytopathogenic fungi: Bipolaris, Boeremia, Calonectria, Ceratocystis, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Coniella, Curvularia, Monilinia, Neofabraea, Neofusicoccum, Pilidium, Pleiochaeta, Plenodomus, Protostegia, Pseudopyricularia, Puccinia, Saccharata, Thyrostroma, Venturia and Wilsonomyces. For each genus, a morphological description and information about its pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms are provided. In addition, this information is linked to primary and secondary DNA barcodes of the presently accepted species, and relevant literature. Moreover, several novelties are introduced, i.e. new genera, species and combinations, and neo-, lecto- and epitypes designated to provide a stable taxonomy. This first paper includes one new genus, 26 new species, nine new combinations, and four typifications of older names

Reporte de Infraestructura Financiera 2022

La labor de seguimiento a la infraestructura financiera local es un aporte adicional del Banco de la República a la estabilidad financiera del país. Uno de los productos de dicho seguimiento ha sido el Reporte de Sistemas de Pago, que a partir de esta edición cambia de nombre a Reporte de Infraestructura Financiera, con el objetivo de que refleje de manera amplia los temas que aquí se abordan. En esta edición 2022 se incluyen varios cambios, producto de un estudio comparativo realizado frente a reportes de infraestructura financiera elaborados por otros bancos centrales. Dichos cambios buscan hacer más fluida y liviana la lectura del reporte, incluyendo los mensajes principales y las cifras clave para los diferentes grupos de interés a los cuales va dirigido. En el reporte se muestra que la infraestructura financiera mantuvo sus servicios de forma continua, dando muestra general de su buen funcionamiento en el 2021. Adicionalmente, se validó la resiliencia de la Cámara de Riesgo Central de Contraparte (CRCC) y del Sistema de Pagos de Alto Valor (CUD) ante eventos extremos, con base en pruebas de estrés con estándares internacionales (enfocadas en el riesgo de liquidez y de crédito). En cuanto a los pagos al por menor, de acuerdo con información transaccional, el uso en valor de los instrumentos electrónicos aumentó durante 2021 frente al año 2020 (tarjetas crédito y débito, cheque y transferencias). El empleo de las tarjetas débito y crédito en pagos aumentó a niveles similares a los alcanzados en el año prepandemia. Por su parte, las transferencias electrónicas continuaron en crecimiento. Aunque los resultados de la encuesta BR 2022 muestran que el efectivo continúa siendo el instrumento más utilizado por el público para los pagos habituales (comportamiento similar al de otros países), la percepción de su uso disminuyó significativamente al 75 % (87 % en 2019). También para el comercio, el efectivo fue el instrumento preferido por sus clientes. Sin embargo, en esta medición varios canales de comercio como peluquerías, droguerías y restaurantes se sumaron al grupo que tradicionalmente viene recibiendo pagos electrónicos por un valor superior al 10 % de sus ventas (hipermercados y estaciones de servicio). Asimismo, para cerca del 50 % de la población los pagos en efectivo son menores a los que realizaron antes de la pandemia, lo cual es consecuente con el incremento transaccional de los instrumentos de pago electrónicos que se registró en el año 2021. El Banrep continúa monitoreando los desarrollos tecnológicos que han ampliado y modernizado la oferta en el mercado de pagos internacional y local, ya que son temas de interés para la industria que presta servicios de compensación y liquidación de pagos. En este reporte se presenta el caso PIX en Brasil para pagos inmediatos, los proyectos que se llevan a cabo sobre la posible emisión de moneda digital por parte de los bancos centrales (CBDC, por sus siglas en inglés) para pagos transfronterizos, así como una aproximación al ecosistema Fintech en Colombia con énfasis en las empresas que prestan servicios de pagos. Leonardo Villar Gerente Genera

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

Peer reviewe

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Anti-Spike antibodies 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine booster dose in patients on hemodialysis: the prospective SENCOVAC study

Background: Patients on hemodialysis are at high-risk for complications derived from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present analysis evaluated the impact of a booster vaccine dose and breakthrough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections on humoral immunity 3 months after the booster dose. Methods: This is a multicentric and prospective study assessing immunoglobulin G anti-Spike antibodies 6 and 9 months after initial SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients on hemodialysis that had also received a booster dose before the 6-month assessment (early booster) or between the 6- and 9-month assessments (late booster). The impact of breakthrough infections, type of vaccine, time from the booster and clinical variables were assessed. Results: A total of 711 patients [67% male, median age (range) 67 (20-89) years] were included. Of these, 545 (77%) received an early booster and the rest a late booster. At 6 months, 64 (9%) patients had negative anti-Spike antibody titers (3% of early booster and 29% of late booster patients, P =. 001). At 9 months, 91% of patients with 6-month negative response had seroconverted and there were no differences in residual prevalence of negative humoral response between early and late booster patients (0.9% vs 0.6%, P =. 693). During follow-up, 35 patients (5%) developed breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antibody titers at 9 months were independently associated with mRNA-1273 booster (P =. 001), lower time from booster (P =. 043) and past breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection (P <. 001). Conclusions: In hemodialysis patients, higher titers of anti-Spike antibodies at 9 months were associated with mRNA-1273 booster, lower time from booster and past breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infectionThe present project has been supported by Fresenius Medical Care, Diaverum, Vifor Pharma, Vircell, Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo and ISCIII FEDER funds RICORS2040 (RD21/0005