Estudo das prevalências de distúrbios metabólicos em pacientes obesos e em portadores de hepatite C

Introdução: A infecção crônica pelo vírus da hepatite C (HCV) e a obesidade podem induzir esteatose hepática e diabetes mellitus (DM). Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de obesidade e de distúrbios metabólicos em pacientes com HCV; estudar a prevalência de HCV e os distúrbios metabólicos em pacientes obesos. Comparar o perfil glicêmico entre os grupos. Metodologia: estudo analítico, com pacientes acompanhados nos ambulatórios de Hepatite C e Obesidade. Variáveis analisadas: glicemia, hemoglobina glicada (A1C), esteatose hepática, HCV, estágio de fibrose hepática e dados sociodemográficos. Resultados: no ambulatório de obesidade 45 pacientes foram avaliados, dos quais 6,7% tinham hepatite C, 40% DM e 61-73% esteatose hepática. As médias das enzimas hepáticas (U/L) foram: AST 22,9; ALT 25,2; FAL 146,5 e GGT 63. Nos obesos com DM, 72,2% apresentavam A1C < 7%. A segunda amostra continha 159 portadores de HCV do ambulatório de hepatologia: 17,9% tinham obesidade, 18,9% DM e 27% esteatose hepática. As médias das enzimas hepáticas (U/L) consistiram em: AST 70,5; ALT 90,6; FAL 108,5 e GGT 131,7. Entre os diabéticos com HCV, 52% não apresentavam A1C < 7%. Conclusão: foi encontrada alta prevalência de hepatite C em pacientes com obesidade (6,7%) quando comparados com a população de Salvador (1,5-1,8%). Os distúrbios metabólicos foram mais frequentes entre obesos, porém os diabéticos com obesidade revelaram A1C menores do que os diabéticos com HCV, sugerindo, neste estudo, que pode existir interferência viral no controle glicídico. A esteatose hepática foi mais prevalente entre obesos

USO DA IATF EM PEQUENOS REBANHOS LEITEIROS COMO EXPERIÊNCIA DE EXTENSÃO RURAL NO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO

In 2019, Brazilreachedthethirdplace in the world milkproductionratio, precededbythe United States ofAmericaandIndia. However, mostofthemilkconsumedbyBraziliansis still imported, withexportpotentialincreasing as milkproductionisoptimized. In Maranhão, dairyfarminghasgrown over thepast 20 years, beingmainlycomposedofsmalldairyfarmers. In order for theretobeanimprovement in production, anincrease in thebreeder's income andtheproductivityoftheplace, zootechnical, sanitaryandreproductivecontroloftheanimalsontheproperties must becarried out. The inclusionofreproductivebiotechnologies, such as Fixed Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI), isanimportantstepthatraisesthetechnicalleveloftheproducerbasedongeneticimprovement, however, theanimals must havegoodnutritional, healthandbehavioralconditionstobeableto use them. Therefore, in thiswork, theFTAItechniquewasincluded in thedairycowsofsmallbreeders in themunicipalityof Lagoa Grande do Maranhão, in whichtheyfittherequired standards. The FTAI hormonal protocolwasadopted in 44 dairycowsfrom 6 farmslocated in themunicipalityof Maranhão, in orderto favor local milkproductivity.In 2019, Brazilreachedthethirdplace in the world milkproductionratio, precededbythe United States ofAmericaandIndia. However, mostofthemilkconsumedbyBraziliansis still imported, withexportpotentialincreasing as milkproductionisoptimized. In Maranhão, dairyfarminghasgrown over thepast 20 years, beingmainlycomposedofsmalldairyfarmers. In order for theretobeanimprovement in production, anincrease in thebreeder's income andtheproductivityoftheplace, zootechnical, sanitaryandreproductivecontroloftheanimalsontheproperties must becarried out. The inclusionofreproductivebiotechnologies, such as Fixed Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI), isanimportantstepthatraisesthetechnicalleveloftheproducerbasedongeneticimprovement, however, theanimals must havegoodnutritional, healthandbehavioralconditionstobeableto use them. Therefore, in thiswork, theFTAItechniquewasincluded in thedairycowsofsmallbreeders in themunicipalityof Lagoa Grande do Maranhão, in whichtheyfittherequired standards. The FTAI hormonal protocolwasadopted in 44 dairycowsfrom 6 farmslocated in themunicipalityof Maranhão, in orderto favor local milkproductivity

Notificações da Hepatite B no Estado da Bahia, Brasil

Introdução: A Hepatite B é um problema de saúde pública no Brasil por ser prevenível. Objetivou-se analisar as associações entre as características individuais, sóciodemográficas, os comportamentos de risco e os resultados de testes sorológicos com os casos de Hepatite B no estado da Bahia. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal exploratório. Todos os casos de VHB, notificados em 2014 no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), foram analisados com testes estatísticos para verificar as associações entre as variáveis. Resultados: A prevalência do VHB, em relação às outras hepatites, foi de 32,6%, atingindo pessoas, principalmente, com média de 37+13,92 anos de idade. Apresentou associação estatisticamente significante com a Hepatite B: o sexo masculino, a escolaridade com ensino médio completo, todas as faixas etárias, vacinação incompleta e não vacinados, fonte de infecção sexual e vertical, exposição a múltiplos parceiros e drogas injetáveis e os testes sorológicos HBsAg, Anti-HBc IgM e Anti-HBc total. Conclusão: A hepatite B esteve associada a fatores individuais, sociodemográficos e comportamentos de risco entre a população estudada. Diante dos resultados percebe-se a necessidade de medidas de prevenção para o VHB, orientações acerca da doença e dos principais meios de infecção, diagnóstico precoce oportuno e a vacinação contra hepatite B em vários ambientes comunitários. É preciso capacitação dos profissionais de saúde para notificação adequada e completa, assim como a vigilância desta infecção para facilitar o planejamento de medidas adequadas de controle e prevenção

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

Electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions root s =13 TeV

A measurement of the electroweak (EW) production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented, based on data recorded in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The measurement is performed in the lljj final state with l including electrons and muons, and the jets j corresponding to the quarks produced in the hard interaction. The measured cross section in a kinematic region defined by invariant masses m(ll) > 50 GeV, m(jj) > 120 GeV, and transverse momenta P-Tj > 25 GeV is sigma(EW) (lljj) = 534 +/- 20 (stat) fb (syst) fb, in agreement with leading-order standard model predictions. The final state is also used to perform a search for anomalous trilinear gauge couplings. No evidence is found and limits on anomalous trilinear gauge couplings associated with dimension-six operators are given in the framework of an effective field theory. The corresponding 95% confidence level intervals are -2.6 <cwww/Lambda(2) <2.6 TeV-2 and -8.4 <cw/Lambda(2) <10.1 TeV-2. The additional jet activity of events in a signal-enriched region is also studied, and the measurements are in agreement with predictions.Peer reviewe

Search for dark matter in events with a leptoquark and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

A search is presented for dark matter in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s= 13 TeV using events with at least one high transverse momentum (p(T)) muon, at least one high-p(T) jet, and large missing transverse momentum. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016 and 2017, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77.4 fb(-1). In the examined scenario, a pair of scalar leptoquarks is assumed to be produced. One leptoquark decays to a muon and a jet while the other decays to dark matter and low-p(T) standard model particles. The signature for signal events would be significant missing transverse momentum from the dark matter in conjunction with a peak at the leptoquark mass in the invariant mass distribution of the highest p(T) muon and jet. The data are observed to be consistent with the background predicted by the standard model. For the first benchmark scenario considered, dark matter masses up to 500 GeV are excluded for leptoquark masses m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV, and up to 300 GeV for m(LQ) approximate to 1500 GeV. For the second benchmark scenario, dark matter masses up to 600 GeV are excluded for m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| &lt; 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Measurement of nuclear modification factors of gamma(1S)), gamma(2S), and gamma(3S) mesons in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The cross sections for ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) production in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV have been measured using the CMS detector at the LHC. The nuclear modification factors, RAA, derived from the PbPb-to-pp ratio of yields for each state, are studied as functions of meson rapidity and transverse momentum, as well as PbPb collision centrality. The yields of all three states are found to be significantly suppressed, and compatible with a sequential ordering of the suppression, RAA(ϒ(1S)) > RAA(ϒ(2S)) > RAA(ϒ(3S)). The suppression of ϒ(1S) is larger than that seen at √sNN = 2.76 TeV, although the two are compatible within uncertainties. The upper limit on the RAA of ϒ(3S) integrated over pT, rapidity and centrality is 0.096 at 95% confidence level, which is the strongest suppression observed for a quarkonium state in heavy ion collisions to date. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP3.Peer reviewe