4 research outputs found
Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines
The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points
New foci of Haemaphysalis punctata and Dermacentor reticulatus in the Netherlands
In 2014 Haemaphysalis punctata was found in several locations on the mainland of the Netherlands for the first time since 1897. In the same areas Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus were found. Haemaphysalis punctata and D. reticulatus were tested for presence of Babesia spp. and Rickettsia spp. by PCR. Babesia spp. and spotted fever Rickettsiae were not detected in any of the collected H. punctata, while several D. reticulatus (6%) collected from the same areas were found to be positive for R. raoultii, a causative agent of tick-borne lymphadenopathy. We discuss the role of free-ranging domestic animals in maintaining H. punctata and D. reticulatus populations in dune areas in the Netherlands
Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines
The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number
of scientific publications describing physiological and
pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a
collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released,
membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles,
microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many
other names. However, specific issues arise when working with
these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult
to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize
properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles
(ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular
Vesicles ("MISEV") guidelines for the field in 2014. We now
update these "MISEV2014" guidelines based on evolution of the
collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point
to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in
general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific
information beyond mere description of function in a crude,
potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For
example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and
specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally,
given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular
machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other
biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include
tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow
to document specific EV-associated functional activities.
Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points