TRATAMIENTOS ODONTOLÓGICOS MAS FRECUENTES EN PACIENTES CON ENFERMEDADES SISTÉMICAS EN EL HOSPITAL CONTINGENCIA HERMILIO VALDIZÁN HUÁNUCO 2017

OBJETIVO: Determinar los tratamientos odontológicos más frecuentes realizados en pacientes con enfermedades sistémicas en el Hospital de Contingencia Hermilio Valdizan 2017. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: En este estudio transversal, retrospectivo, la muestra lo conformaron 60 pacientes de 41 a 72 años de ambos sexos, se evaluaron para determinar los tratamientos odontológicos más frecuentes realizados en pacientes con enfermedades sistémicas, se evaluó mediante cuestionarios de salud que fueron validados por juicio de expertos. Los datos se analizaron con frecuencias, porcentajes se utilizó SPSS versión 24. RESULTADOS: 53,3% de los pacientes de 41 a 72 años que acudieron al Hospital fueron de sexo femenino, en mayor porcentaje se encontró pacientes de 49 a 57 años con un 35%, siendo la hipertensión arterial enfermedad sistémica que predominó en un 40%, la exodoncia el tratamiento odontológico más realizado en el grupo de estudio con un 60%. El tiempo de enfermedad que predominó con un 50%, seguido de 1 a 3 años 46,7%; en pacientes con enfermedades sistémicas, el 85% fueron pacientes que tenían control médico; los pacientes con hipertensos el 91,7% son pacientes controlados. CONCLUSIONES: Los tratamientos odontológicos más frecuentes realizados en pacientes con enfermedades sistémicas fueron exodoncias en un 60% restauraciones dentales 18,3%. Los pacientes con enfermedades sistémicas que acudieron para los tratamientos odontológicos en mayor porcentaje fueron de sexo femenino 53,3% y el grupo etareo que predominó fue de 49 a 57 años. El tipo tratamientos odontológicos que más se realizaron en los pacientes según el tipo de enfermedad sistémica (hipertensión arterial, diabetes, gastritis, asma bronquial y hipertensión arterial más diabetes) fueron las extracciones dentalesTesi

Toxoplasmosis diseminada en un paciente inmunocompetente procedente de la Amazonía peruana

We report a case of severe toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent patient, characterized by pneumonia, retinochoroiditis, hepatitis and myositis. Diagnosis was confirmed by serology, T. gondii in thick blood smear and presence of bradyzoites in muscle biopsy. Treatment with pyrimethamine plus sulfadoxine was successful but visual acuity and hip extension were partially recovered. This is the first case report of severe toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent patient from Peru.Reportamos un caso de toxoplasmosis severa en un paciente inmunocompetente caracterizado por neumonía, retinocoroiditis, hepatitis y miositis. El diagnóstico fue confirmado por serología, el hallazgo de T. gondii en gota gruesa y la presencia de bradizoitos en biopsia muscular. El tratamiento con pirimetamina mas sulfadoxina fue exitoso pero solo hubo una parcial recuperación de la agudeza visual y de la capacidad de extensión de la cadera. Este es el primer reporte de un caso de toxoplasmosis severa en el Perú

Empatía y conducta prosocial en estudiantes espectadores indiferentes culpabilizados de bullying de dos Instituciones Educativas de Lima Norte, 2023

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar la relación que existe entre empatía y conducta prosocial en los estudiantes espectadores indiferentes culpabilizados de bullying de dos Instituciones Educativas de Lima Norte, 2023. Asimismo, se empleó la metodología descriptiva correlacional, de diseño no experimental de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 500 alumnos de ambos sexos, de tercero a quinto de secundaria; para la medición de las variables se aplicó el Cuestionario Multidimensional de empatía para adolescentes, y la Escala de Conducta Prosocial Adolescente. Los resultados señalan una correlación de .346 lo cual indica una correlación positiva baja entre las variables. Asimismo, en la dimensión de contagio emocional y conducta prosocial presentaron un coeficiente de correlación y significancia (r= .125, p = 0.005) indicando una correlación positiva muy baja, en la dimensión de autoconciencia y conducta prosocial presentó un coeficiente de correlación y significancia (r=.253, p < .001) lo cual indica una correlación positiva baja, en la dimensión de toma de perspectiva y conducta prosocial presentó un coeficiente de correlación y significancia ( r=.337, p < .001) lo cual indica una correlación positiva baja, en la dimensión regulación emocional y conducta prosocial se halló un coeficiente de correlación y significancia (r= .350, p = .005 < 0.05) lo cual indica una correlación positiva baja entre las variables, finalmente, en la dimensión de realizar acciones para cambiar las situaciones de las personas que están sufriendo y conducta prosocial se encontró un coeficiente de correlación y significancia (r =.432, p < .001), lo cual indica lo cual indica una correlación positiva moderada

Cardiotoxicidad asociado al uso de carmustina: Reporte de caso en farmacovigilancia

Background: Carmustine is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of myeloma, lymphomas and other cancers. Cardiotoxicity due to carmustine is a rare adverse reaction that must be identified early to prevent fatal outcomes. Report case: We present an unusual case of acute cardiac toxicity related to the intravenous administration of carmustine. After stopping the carmustine, patient received symptomatic treatment and, finally was fully recovered. The case was reported as adverse drug reaction and we performed a pharmacovigilance causality assessment between carmustine and cardiotoxicity, resulting in probable (final score = 7). Conclusions: This case might be considered as a signal in pharmacovigilance. Clinicians should be aware of the potential risk of cardiotoxicity in patients exposed to carmustine. It is recommended to implement active pharmacovigilance to chemotherapy.Introducción: La carmustina es un agente antineoplásico alquilante utilizado en el tratamiento de mielomas, linfomas y otros tipos de cáncer. La cardiotoxicidad por carmustina es una reacción adversa muy rara, por lo que debe ser identificada oportunamente para prevenir desenlaces fatales. Reporte de caso: Se presenta un caso inusual de una paciente con cardiotoxicidad aguda grave reversible posterior a la administración endovenosa de carmustina. Al suspender la exposición a este producto e iniciar tratamiento sintomatológico, la paciente se recupera satisfactoriamente sin nueva manifestación cardiaca. El caso fue notificado como reacción adversa medicamentosa y al evaluarse la causalidad entre la cardiotoxicidad y la carmustina, resultó probable (puntaje final =7). Conclusiones: El presente caso puede ser considerado una señal en farmacovigilancia, por lo que, los clínicos deben ser conscientes del riesgo potencial de cardiotoxicidad en pacientes expuestos a carmustina. Se recomienda realizar farmacovigilancia activa a los fármacos oncológicos

Coledocolitiasis diagnóstico y tratamiento. Reporte de un caso.

Coledocolitiasis: patología en la cual existe uno o más cálculos en el interior del conducto biliar principal, pueden ser únicos, múltiples, pequeños o grandes, pueden estar formados por pigmentos biliares o sales de calcio y colesterol, se clasifican en primarios si se forman en el interior del conducto y secundarios cuando se forman en la vesícula y migran al conducto, el cuadro clínico es: dolor abdominal en cuadrante superior derecho e ictericia, su diagnóstico es realizar una ecosonografía en donde se observan cálculos o dilatación del conducto colédoco.Objetivo: Estimar el éxito de resolver la coledocolitiasis con CPRE en una paciente joven y sin comorbilidades.Se trabajó con el caso de una paciente de 18 años con dolor abdominal intenso en cuadrante superior derecho, ictericia y alza térmica secundaria a obstrucción del conducto biliar común, se realizó una CPRE + papilotomía para la extracción del cálculo.Conclusiones: al evidenciar a paciente con cuadro clínico característico, ecosonografía y exámenes de función hepática alterada, se decidió el tratamiento con CPRE más esfinterotomía obteniendo buenos resultados. Se aconseja el manejo por este medio en pacientes jóvenes y sin comorbilidades, se recomienda cirugía posterior para realización de colecistectomía en caso de existir cálculos en la vesícula. 

Standardization of synthetic biology tools and assembly methods for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and emerging yeast species

As redesigning organisms using engineering principles is one of the purposes of synthetic biology (SynBio), the standardization of experimental methods and DNA parts is becoming increasingly a necessity. The synthetic biology community focusing on the engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been in the foreground in this area, conceiving several well-characterized SynBio toolkits widely adopted by the community. In this review, the molecular methods and toolkits developed for S. cerevisiae are discussed in terms of their contributions to the required standardization efforts. In addition, the toolkits designed for emerging nonconventional yeast species including Yarrowia lipolytica, Komagataella phaffii, and Kluyveromyces marxianus are also reviewed. Without a doubt, the characterized DNA parts combined with the standardized assembly strategies highlighted in these toolkits have greatly contributed to the rapid development of many metabolic engineering and diagnostics applications among others. Despite the growing capacity in deploying synthetic biology for common yeast genome engineering works, the yeast community has a long journey to go to exploit it in more sophisticated and delicate applications like bioautomation.ISSN:2161-506

Mouse large-scale phenotyping initiatives: overview of the European Mouse Disease Clinic (EUMODIC) and of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Mouse Genetics Project.

Two large-scale phenotyping efforts, the European Mouse Disease Clinic (EUMODIC) and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Mouse Genetics Project (SANGER-MGP), started during the late 2000s with the aim to deliver a comprehensive assessment of phenotypes or to screen for robust indicators of diseases in mouse mutants. They both took advantage of available mouse mutant lines but predominantly of the embryonic stem (ES) cells resources derived from the European Conditional Mouse Mutagenesis programme (EUCOMM) and the Knockout Mouse Project (KOMP) to produce and study 799 mouse models that were systematically analysed with a comprehensive set of physiological and behavioural paradigms. They captured more than 400 variables and an additional panel of metadata describing the conditions of the tests. All the data are now available through EuroPhenome database (www.europhenome.org) and the WTSI mouse portal (http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/), and the corresponding mouse lines are available through the European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA), the International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC), or the Knockout Mouse Project (KOMP) Repository. Overall conclusions from both studies converged, with at least one phenotype scored in at least 80% of the mutant lines. In addition, 57% of the lines were viable, 13% subviable, 30% embryonic lethal, and 7% displayed fertility impairments. These efforts provide an important underpinning for a future global programme that will undertake the complete functional annotation of the mammalian genome in the mouse model

Prevalence of sexual dimorphism in mammalian phenotypic traits.

The role of sex in biomedical studies has often been overlooked, despite evidence of sexually dimorphic effects in some biological studies. Here, we used high-throughput phenotype data from 14,250 wildtype and 40,192 mutant mice (representing 2,186 knockout lines), analysed for up to 234 traits, and found a large proportion of mammalian traits both in wildtype and mutants are influenced by sex. This result has implications for interpreting disease phenotypes in animal models and humans

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens