Determinantes de saúde em crianças dos 3 aos 10 anos

RESUMO 1: Introdução: Os estilos de vida atuais sugerem comportamentos de risco que estão na base do perfil de saúde do país. Objetivo: Avaliar os estilos de vida e sua associação com dados sociodemográficos numa amostra de crianças portuguesas dos 3 aos 10 anos de idade. Participantes e métodos: Estudo transversal de natureza quantitativa num universo de 1617 crianças dos jardins de infância e escolas do 1.º ciclo dos dois agrupamentos de escolas de Tondela e do agrupamento de escolas de Vouzela. A amostra do estudo foi constituída por um total de 1385 crianças. A análise estatística dos dados foi efetuada com recurso ao software estatístico IBM SPSS versão 21.0. A comparação de proporções foi realizada através do teste Qui-quadrado, onde as prevalências foram expressas em proporções, com base no nível de significância de p=0,05, com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Constatou-se que as crianças com mais idade apresentavam uma menor adesão a comportamentos alimentares saudáveis, uma maior prevalência de atividade física (49,2%), no entanto, foram, também aquelas que apresentaram um maior índice de atividades sedentárias (27,1%). Os rapazes apresentaram maiores níveis de atividade física (51,6%) e índices mais elevados de comportamentos sedentários (28,6%). Relativamente à zona de residência, existiu uma maior prevalência de consumo de legumes (73,2%) e fastfood (24,0%) e de comportamentos sedentários (26,1%) em zonas urbanas. As crianças que pertenciam a agregados familares de rendimentos mais favoráveis e com maior nível de habilitações literárias consumiam mais leite e derivados, legumes e praticavam mais atividade física. No entanto, apresentaram maior prevalência de consumo de fastfood e comportamentos sedentários. Conclusões:Torna-se perceptível a necessidade de se intervir nos grupos mais vulneráveis no sentido de uma mais eficaz equidade em saúde. Palavras-chave: Crianças; estilos de vida; dados sociodemográficos; escolas.ABSTRACT 1: Introduction: The current lifestyles suggests risk behaviors that are the basis of a country's health profile. Objective: Assess the lifestyles and its association with sociodemographic variables among a sample of Portuguese children from 3 to 10 years old. Participants and methods: A Cross-sectional study was desgined with a total of 1617 children from public schools, from the two main school groups of Tondela and Vouzela. The final study sample was built with a total of 1385 children. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS software version 21.0 for Windows. Comparison of proportions was performed using the “Chi-square” test, where prevalences were expressed as proportions, based on the significance level of p = 0.05, with a 95% confidence intervals. Results: It was found that the older children had a lower adherence to healthy eating habits and a higher prevalence of physical activity (49.2%). However, there were also those with higher rate of sedentary activities (27.1%). The boys had higher levels of physical activity (51.6%) and higher rates of sedentary behaviors (28.6%). With regard to residence area, there was a higher prevalence of consumption of vegetables (73.2%), fastfood (24.0%) and sedentary behaviors (26.1%) in urban areas. Children belonging to households of more favorable monthly earnings and a higher level of educational qualifications consumed more dairy product, vegetables and practiced more physical activity. However, they had a higher prevalence of fastfood consumption and sedentary behaviors. Conclusions: It becomes noticeable the need to make an intervention on the most vulnerable groups to obtain more effective health equity. Keywords: Children; lifestyles; sociodemographic data; schools.RESUMO 2: Introdução: As iniquidades de género na distribuição de recursos estão ainda profundamente associadas à saúde precária e à diminuição do bem-estar das mulheres e das crianças. Objetivo: Analisar a influência dos fatores materno-fetais nos estilos de vida numa amostra de crianças portuguesas dos 3 aos 10 anos de idade Participantes e métodos: Estudo transversal de natureza quantitativa num universo de 1617 crianças dos jardins de infância e escolas do 1.º ciclo dos dois agrupamentos de escolas de Tondela e do agrupamento de escolas de Vouzela. A amostra do estudo foi constituída por um total de 1385 crianças. A análise estatística dos dados foi efetuada com recurso ao software estatístico IBM SPSS versão 21.0. A comparação de proporções foi realizada através do teste Qui-quadrado, onde as prevalências foram expressas em proporções, com base no nível de significância de p=0,05, com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados: As crianças que habitam em meio rural apresentavam um peso à nascença superior comparativamente às do meio urbano (93,7%). As grávidas com mais idade obtiveram uma prevalência de antecipação da primeira consulta de gravidez mais elevada (96,5%) assim como uma prevalência mais elevada de consultas de vigilância durante a gravidez (97,2%) quando comparadas com as grávidas mais novas. As mães com habilitações literárias superiores ao 9.º ano de escolaridade apresentavam uma prevalência de amamentação superior (58,0%) e os seus filhos uma prevalência de consumo de fastfood superior (64,9%) quando comparadas com as mães com habilitações literárias inferiores. Conclusões: Denota-se a importância da maturidade, formação e capacitação das mães para os cuidados maternos e neonatais. Palavras-chave: crianças; estilos de vida; fatores materno-fetais.ABSTRACT 2: Introduction: Gender inequalities in the distribution of resources is still deeply associated with poor health and reduced welfare of women and children. Objective: To analyze the influence of maternal and fetal factors in lifestyles of children, in a sample of children from 3 to 10 years old. Participants and methods: A Cross-sectional study was desgined with a total of 1617 children from public schools, from the two main school groups of Tondela and Vouzela. The final study sample was built with a total of 1385 children. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS software version 21.0 for Windows. Comparison of proportions was performed using the “Chi-square” test, where prevalences were expressed as proportions, based on the significance level of p = 0.05, with a 95% confidence intervals. Results: Children who live in rural areas presented a higher birth weight compared to those who live in urban areas (93.7%). Older pregnant women obtained a higher prevalence of the first medical appointment antecipation (96.5%) as well as a higher prevalence of medical appointments during pregnancy (97.2%) when compared with younger pregnant women. Mothers with qualifications higher than the 9th grade showed a higher prevalence of breastfeeding (58.0%) and their children presented a higher prevalence of fastfood consumption (64.9%) when compared with mothers with lower educational qualifications. Conclusion: To denote the importance of maturity and training of mothers in maternal and neonatal care. Keywords: children; lifestyles; maternal fetal factors

Search for Higgs bosons produced via vector-boson fusion and decaying into bottom quark pairs in √s =13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the bb ¯ decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson produced through vector-boson fusion is presented. Three mutually exclusive channels are considered: two all-hadronic channels and a photon-associated channel. Results are reported from the analysis of up to 30.6 fb −1 of pp data at s √ =13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measured signal strength relative to the Standard Model prediction from the combined analysis is 2.5 +1.4 −1.3 for inclusive Higgs boson production and 3.0 +1.7 −1.6 for vector-boson fusion production only

Measurement of jet fragmentation in Pb+Pb and pp collisions at √s NN =5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a measurement of jet fragmentation functions in 0.49 nb −1 of Pb+Pb collisions and 25 pb −1 of pp collisions at √ sNN =5.02 TeV collected in 2015 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. These measurements provide insight into the jet quenching process in the quark-gluon plasma created in the aftermath of ultra-relativistic collisions between two nuclei. The modifications to the jet fragmentation functions are quantified by dividing the measurements in Pb+Pb collisions by baseline measurements in pp collisions. This ratio is studied as a function of the transverse momentum of the jet, the jet rapidity, and the centrality of the collision. In both collision systems, the jet fragmentation functions are measured for jets with transverse momentum between 126 GeV and 398 GeV and with an absolute value of jet rapidity less than 2.1. An enhancement of particles carrying a small fraction of the jet momentum is observed, which increases with centrality and with increasing jet transverse momentum. Yields of particles carrying a very large fraction of the jet momentum are also observed to be enhanced. Between these two enhancements of the fragmentation functions a suppression of particles carrying an intermediate fraction of the jet momentum is observed in Pb+Pb collisions. A small dependence of the modifications on jet rapidity is observed

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron triggers cross-reactive neutralization and Fc effector functions in previously vaccinated, but not unvaccinated, individuals

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant escapes neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccines or infection. However, whether Omicron triggers cross-reactive humoral responses to other variants of concern (VOCs) remains unknown. We used plasma from 20 unvaccinated and 7 vaccinated individuals infected by Omicron BA.1 to test binding, Fc effector function, and neutralization against VOCs. In unvaccinated individuals, Fc effector function and binding antibodies targeted Omicron and other VOCs at comparable levels. However, Omicron BA.1- triggered neutralization was not extensively cross-reactive for VOCs (14- to 31-fold titer reduction), and we observed 4-fold decreased titers against Omicron BA.2. In contrast, vaccination followed by breakthrough Omicron infection associated with improved cross-neutralization of VOCs with titers exceeding 1:2,100. This has important implications for the vulnerability of unvaccinated Omicron-infected individuals to reinfection by circulating and emerging VOCs. Although Omicron-based immunogens might be adequate boosters, they are unlikely to be superior to existing vaccines for priming in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals.The South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Innovation, the National Research Foundation of South Africa, the South African Medical Research Council Strategic Health Innovation Partnerships (SHIP) program, the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation through the Global Immunology and Immune Sequencing for Epidemic Response (GIISER) program and L’Oreal/UNESCO Women in Science South Africa Young Talents award.http://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/homeam2023ImmunologyMedical Virolog

Search for pair production of heavy vectorlike quarks decaying into hadronic final states in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is presented for the pair production of heavy vectorlike quarks, T¯T or B¯B, that decay into final states with jets and no reconstructed leptons. Jets in the final state are classified using a deep neural network as arising from hadronically decaying W/Z bosons, Higgs bosons, top quarks, or background. The analysis uses data from the ATLAS experiment corresponding to 36.1  fb−1 of proton-proton collisions with a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV delivered by the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2016. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed. Results are interpreted assuming the vectorlike quarks decay into a Standard Model boson and a third-generation-quark, T→Wb,Ht,Zt or B→Wt,Hb,Zb, for a variety of branching ratios. At 95% confidence level, the observed (expected) lower limit on the vectorlike B -quark mass for a weak-isospin doublet (B, Y) is 950 (890) GeV, and the lower limits on the masses for the pure decays B→Hb and T→Ht, where these results are strongest, are 1010 (970) GeV and 1010 (1010) GeV, respectively