Diseño y optimización topológica de rockers para un modelo de Formula Student

Este proyecto recoge el diseño y los análisis destinados a la optimización topológica de uno de los elementos fundamentales en la suspensión de un monoplaza Formula Student, los rockers. Este elemento será diseñado con el fin de ser fabricado y posteriormente probado en las competiciones en las que el equipo ARUS Andalucía Racing presentará su monoplaza. Estas competiciones serán Formula Student Austria y Formula Student Germany para la presente temporada. La principal motivación para realizar este proyecto surge de problemas de plastificación en el material empleado en la fabricación de los rockers de la pasada temporada. Además, la configuración de la suspensión delantera del monoplaza ha sido modificada recientemente y ésta debe ser analizada. El proyecto se puede estructurar en cuatro partes bien diferenciadas. La primera consiste en una introducción de la competición de Formula Student y una descripción de las piezas a diseñar. En la segunda parte se realizarán unos cálculos previos y el diseño inicial de los rockers, donde se recogerá tanto una geometría previa a los análisis como el método de fabricación empleado o la selección de rodamientos. Se desarrollará una tercera parte donde se analizará el diseño inicial para posteriormente realizar una optimización topológica de los rockers, obteniéndose un diseño final. Por último, se detallarán una serie de mejoras en el diseño para evitar problemas de plastificación del material. Además, se discutirán ideas futuras que el equipo podría considerar en el diseño de estos elementos para próximas temporadas. Para la realización de los análisis y la optimización topológica mencionados, se empleará un software de elementos finitos, conocido como Hyperworks. Del mismo modo, se ha empleado en el diseño tanto de la geometría de los rockers como de otros elementos utilizados en la suspensión, el programa de diseño Catia. La finalidad de este proyecto es que todos los análisis realizados queden recogidos para futuros años, facilitando el trabajo de los nuevos integrantes de ARUS en la fabricación tanto de los rockers como de cualquier otro componente del monoplaza ya que podría servir de referencia en este tipo de análisis.This project includes the design and analysis of one of the fundamental elements in the suspension of a Formula Student car, the rockers, to obtain its topological optimization. This element will be designed in order to be manufactured and subsequently tested in the competitions in which the ARUS Andalucía Racing team will be presented with its car. These will be Formula Student Austria and Formula Student Germany for the current season. The main motivation for this project arises from problems of plastification in the material used in the manufacture of the rockers in last season. Moreover, the front suspension have been modified recently and it must be analyzed. The project can be structured into four distinct parts. The first one consists of an introduction to the Formula Student competition and a description of the pieces to be designed. In the second part, some preliminary calculations and the initial design of the rockers will be performed, where it will be collected a geometry prior to the analysis as well as the manufacturing method used or the selection of bearings. A third part will be developed where the initial design will be analyzed to later carry out a topological optimization of the rockers obtaining a final design. Finally, a series of improvements in the design will be detailed to avoid problems of plastification of the material. Furthermore, the future ideas, that ARUS could consider in the design of these elements for next seasons, will be discussed. For the performance of the analyzes and topological optimization mentioned, a finite element software, known as Hyperworks, will be used. In the same way, it has been used in the design of both the geometry of rockers and other elements used in the suspension, the design program Catia. The aim of this project is that all analyzes made were collected for future years, facilitating the work of the new members of ARUS in the manufacture of both rockers and any other component of the car, since it could serve as a reference in this type of analysis.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ingeniería de Tecnologías Industriale

Increased efficacy and extended shelf life of spinosad formulated in phagostimulant granules against Spodoptera frugiperda

Abstract BACKGROUND:SpinosadisrecommendedforcontrolofSpodopterafrugiperda(J.E.Smith)larvae;itsapplicationwithphagostimulants may reduce the quantity of active ingredient required for effective pest control. Spinosad (Tracer®) was formulated inmaizeflourmatrixgranulesandthreefieldtestscompared10–100ppma.i.granules(equivalentto0.24–2.4ga.i.ha–1)with Tracerasanaqueousspray(200ppma.i.;60ga.i.ha–1),andtherecommendedapplicationratesofBacillusthuringiensis,achemicalandanuntreatedcontrolswereperformed. RESULTS:The100ppmspinosadgranulesresultedinsimilarS.frugiperdamortalitycomparedwiththechemicaltreatmentsin allthreefieldtrials,andresultedinasignificantlyhighermaizegrainyieldcomparedwithunformulatedandcontroltreatments (4141vs.2857and2407kgha–1,respectively)thatwassimilartothechemicaltreatment(3778kgha–1).Bioassaysofgranules stored at room and cold temperatures showed that after 5years, ∼ 70% of the original activity remained (OAR) of spinosad whenformulatedasgranules.Nevertheless,after9years,efficacywasreduced(26.2%and48.5%OAR)atbothroom(25∘C)and refrigeratedtemperatures(4∘C). CONCLUSION:Spinosad,inthegranularphagostimulantformulationsevaluatedinthisstudy,hadadvantagesmeasuredashigh efficacyandlongshelflife

Robust association between vascular habitats and patient prognosis in glioblastoma: an international retrospective multicenter study

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: del Mar Álvarez-Torres, M., Juan-Albarracín, J., Fuster-Garcia, E., Bellvís-Bataller, F., Lorente, D., Reynés, G., Font de Mora, J., Aparici-Robles, F., Botella, C., Muñoz-Langa, J., Faubel, R., Asensio-Cuesta, S., García-Ferrando, G.A., Chelebian, E., Auger, C., Pineda, J., Rovira, A., Oleaga, L., Mollà-Olmos, E., Revert, A.J., Tshibanda, L., Crisi, G., Emblem, K.E., Martin, D., Due-Tønnessen, P., Meling, T.R., Filice, S., Sáez, C. and García-Gómez, J.M. (2020), Robust association between vascular habitats and patient prognosis in glioblastoma: An international multicenter study. J Magn Reson Imaging, 51: 1478-1486, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.26958. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by a heterogeneous and abnormal vascularity. Subtypes of vascular habitats within the tumor and edema can be distinguished: high angiogenic tumor (HAT), low angiogenic tumor (LAT), infiltrated peripheral edema (IPE), and vasogenic peripheral edema (VPE). Purpose To validate the association between hemodynamic markers from vascular habitats and overall survival (OS) in glioblastoma patients, considering the intercenter variability of acquisition protocols. Study Type Multicenter retrospective study. Population In all, 184 glioblastoma patients from seven European centers participating in the NCT03439332 clinical study. Field Strength/Sequence 1.5T (for 54 patients) or 3.0T (for 130 patients). Pregadolinium and postgadolinium-based contrast agent-enhanced T-1-weighted MRI, T-2- and FLAIR T-2-weighted, and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) T-2* perfusion. Assessment We analyzed preoperative MRIs to establish the association between the maximum relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV(max)) at each habitat with OS. Moreover, the stratification capabilities of the markers to divide patients into "vascular" groups were tested. The variability in the markers between individual centers was also assessed. Statistical Tests Uniparametric Cox regression; Kaplan-Meier test; Mann-Whitney test. Results The rCBV(max) derived from the HAT, LAT, and IPE habitats were significantly associated with patient OS (P < 0.05; hazard ratio [HR]: 1.05, 1.11, 1.28, respectively). Moreover, these markers can stratify patients into "moderate-" and "high-vascular" groups (P < 0.05). The Mann-Whitney test did not find significant differences among most of the centers in markers (HAT: P = 0.02-0.685; LAT: P = 0.010-0.769; IPE: P = 0.093-0.939; VPE: P = 0.016-1.000). Data Conclusion The rCBV(max) calculated in HAT, LAT, and IPE habitats have been validated as clinically relevant prognostic biomarkers for glioblastoma patients in the pretreatment stage. This study demonstrates the robustness of the hemodynamic tissue signature (HTS) habitats to assess the GBM vascular heterogeneity and their association with patient prognosis independently of intercenter variability. Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.This work was partially supported by: MTS4up project (National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation 2013-2016, No. DPI2016-80054-R) (to J.M.G.G.); H2020-SC1-2016-CNECT Project (No. 727560) (to J.M.G.G.) and H2020-SC1-BHC-2018-2020 (No. 825750) (to J.M.G.G.); M.A.T was supported by DPI2016-80054-R (Programa Estatal de Promocion del Talento y su Empleabilidad en I + D + i). The data acquisition and curation of the Oslo University Hospital was supported by: the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 (Grant Agreement No. 758657), the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority Grants 2017073 and 2013069, and the Research Council of Norway Grants 261984 (to K.E.E.). We gratefully acknowledge the support of NVIDIA Corporation with the donation of the Titan V GPU used for this research. E.F.G. was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 844646. Figure 1 was designed by the Science Artist Elena Poritskaya.Álvarez-Torres, MDM.; Juan-Albarracín, J.; Fuster García, E.; Bellvís-Bataller, F.; Lorente, D.; Reynés, G.; Font De Mora, J.... (2020). Robust association between vascular habitats and patient prognosis in glioblastoma: an international retrospective multicenter study. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 51(5):1478-1486. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.2695814781486515Louis, D. N., Perry, A., Reifenberger, G., von Deimling, A., Figarella-Branger, D., Cavenee, W. K., … Ellison, D. W. (2016). The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Acta Neuropathologica, 131(6), 803-820. doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1545-1Gately, L., McLachlan, S., Dowling, A., & Philip, J. (2017). Life beyond a diagnosis of glioblastoma: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 11(4), 447-452. doi:10.1007/s11764-017-0602-7Bae, S., Choi, Y. S., Ahn, S. S., Chang, J. H., Kang, S.-G., Kim, E. H., … Lee, S.-K. (2018). Radiomic MRI Phenotyping of Glioblastoma: Improving Survival Prediction. Radiology, 289(3), 797-806. doi:10.1148/radiol.2018180200Akbari, H., Macyszyn, L., Da, X., Wolf, R. L., Bilello, M., Verma, R., … Davatzikos, C. (2014). Pattern Analysis of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging Demonstrates Peritumoral Tissue Heterogeneity. Radiology, 273(2), 502-510. doi:10.1148/radiol.14132458Weis, S. M., & Cheresh, D. A. (2011). Tumor angiogenesis: molecular pathways and therapeutic targets. Nature Medicine, 17(11), 1359-1370. doi:10.1038/nm.2537De Palma, M., Biziato, D., & Petrova, T. V. (2017). Microenvironmental regulation of tumour angiogenesis. Nature Reviews Cancer, 17(8), 457-474. doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.51Jain, R., Poisson, L. M., Gutman, D., Scarpace, L., Hwang, S. N., Holder, C. A., … Flanders, A. (2014). Outcome Prediction in Patients with Glioblastoma by Using Imaging, Clinical, and Genomic Biomarkers: Focus on the Nonenhancing Component of the Tumor. Radiology, 272(2), 484-493. doi:10.1148/radiol.14131691Jensen, R. L., Mumert, M. L., Gillespie, D. L., Kinney, A. Y., Schabel, M. C., & Salzman, K. L. (2013). Preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI correlates with molecular markers of hypoxia and vascularity in specific areas of intratumoral microenvironment and is predictive of patient outcome. Neuro-Oncology, 16(2), 280-291. doi:10.1093/neuonc/not148Jena, A., Taneja, S., Gambhir, A., Mishra, A. K., D’souza, M. M., Verma, S. M., … Sogani, S. K. (2016). Glioma Recurrence Versus Radiation Necrosis. Clinical Nuclear Medicine, 41(5), e228-e236. doi:10.1097/rlu.0000000000001152Price, S. J., Young, A. M. H., Scotton, W. J., Ching, J., Mohsen, L. A., Boonzaier, N. R., … Larkin, T. J. (2015). Multimodal MRI can identify perfusion and metabolic changes in the invasive margin of glioblastomas. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 43(2), 487-494. doi:10.1002/jmri.24996Chang, Y.-C. C., Ackerstaff, E., Tschudi, Y., Jimenez, B., Foltz, W., Fisher, C., … Stoyanova, R. (2017). Delineation of Tumor Habitats based on Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI. Scientific Reports, 7(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09932-5Cui, Y., Tha, K. K., Terasaka, S., Yamaguchi, S., Wang, J., Kudo, K., … Li, R. (2016). Prognostic Imaging Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: Development and Independent Validation on the Basis of Multiregion and Quantitative Analysis of MR Images. Radiology, 278(2), 546-553. doi:10.1148/radiol.2015150358Juan-Albarracín, J., Fuster-Garcia, E., Pérez-Girbés, A., Aparici-Robles, F., Alberich-Bayarri, Á., Revert-Ventura, A., … García-Gómez, J. M. (2018). Glioblastoma: Vascular Habitats Detected at Preoperative Dynamic Susceptibility-weighted Contrast-enhanced Perfusion MR Imaging Predict Survival. Radiology, 287(3), 944-954. doi:10.1148/radiol.2017170845Fuster-Garcia, E., Juan-Albarracín, J., García-Ferrando, G. A., Martí-Bonmatí, L., Aparici-Robles, F., & García-Gómez, J. M. (2018). Improving the estimation of prognosis for glioblastoma patients by MR based hemodynamic tissue signatures. NMR in Biomedicine, 31(12), e4006. doi:10.1002/nbm.4006Abramson, R. G., Burton, K. R., Yu, J.-P. J., Scalzetti, E. M., Yankeelov, T. E., Rosenkrantz, A. B., … Subramaniam, R. M. (2015). Methods and Challenges in Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Development. Academic Radiology, 22(1), 25-32. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2014.09.001Stupp, R., Mason, W. P., van den Bent, M. J., Weller, M., Fisher, B., Taphoorn, M. J. B., … Mirimanoff, R. O. (2005). Radiotherapy plus Concomitant and Adjuvant Temozolomide for Glioblastoma. 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Differentiation between vasogenic-edema versus tumor-infiltrative area in patients with glioblastoma during bevacizumab therapy: A longitudinal MRI study. European Journal of Radiology, 83(7), 1250-1256. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.03.02

A Neutrophil Timer Coordinates Immune Defense and Vascular Protection

Neutrophils eliminate pathogens efficiently but can inflict severe damage to the host if they over-activate within blood vessels. It is unclear how immunity solves the dilemma of mounting an efficient anti-microbial defense while preserving vascular health. Here, we identify a neutrophil-intrinsic program that enabled both. The gene Bmal1 regulated expression of the chemokine CXCL2 to induce chemokine receptor CXCR2-dependent diurnal changes in the transcriptional and migratory properties of circulating neutrophils. These diurnal alterations, referred to as neutrophil aging, were antagonized by CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4) and regulated the outer topology of neutrophils to favor homeostatic egress from blood vessels at night, resulting in boosted anti-microbial activity in tissues. Mice engineered for constitutive neutrophil aging became resistant to infection, but the persistence of intravascular aged neutrophils predisposed them to thrombo-inflammation and death. Thus, diurnal compartmentalization of neutrophils, driven by an internal timer, coordinates immune defense and vascular protection.We thank all members of the Hidalgo Lab for discussion and insightful comments; J.M. Ligos, R. Nieto, and M. Viton for help with sorting and cytometric analyses; I. Ortega and E. Santos for animal husbandry; D. Rico, M.J. Gomez, C. Torroja, and F. Sanchez-Cabo for insightful comments and help with transcriptomic analyses; V. Labrador, E. Arza, A.M. Santos, and the Microscopy Unit of the CNIC for help with microscopy; S. Aznar-Benitah, U. Albrecht, Q.-J. Meng, B. Staels, and H. Duez for the generous gift of mice; J.A. Enriquez and J. Avila for scientific insights; and J.M. Garcia and A. Diez de la Cortina for art. This study was supported by Intramural grants from A* STAR to L.G.N., BES-2013-065550 to J.M.A., BES-2010-032828 to M.C.-A, and JCI-2012-14147 to L.A.W (all from Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad; MEIC). Additional MEIC grants were SAF2014-61993-EXP to C.L.-R.; SAF2015-68632-R to M.A.M. and SAF-2013-42920R and SAF2016-79040Rto D.S. D.S. also received 635122-PROCROP H2020 from the European Commission and ERC CoG 725091 from the European Research Council (ERC). ERC AdG 692511 PROVASC from the ERC and SFB1123-A1 from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft were given to C.W.; MHA VD1.2/81Z1600212 from the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) was given to C.W. and O.S.; SFB1123-A6 was given to O.S.; SFB914-B08 was given to O.S. and C.W.; and INST 211/604-2, ZA 428/12-1, and ZA 428/13-1 were given to A.Z. This study was also supported by PI12/00494 from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS) to C.M.; PI13/01979, Cardiovascular Network grant RD 12/0042/0054, and CIBERCV to B.I.; SAF2015-65607-R, SAF2013-49662-EXP, and PCIN-2014-103 from MEIC; and co-funding by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) to A.H. The CNIC is supported by the MEIC and the Pro CNIC Foundation and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (MEIC award SEV-2015-0505).S

Preclinical models for prediction of immunotherapy outcomes and immune evasion mechanisms in genetically heterogeneous multiple myeloma

The historical lack of preclinical models reflecting the genetic heterogeneity of multiple myeloma (MM) hampers the advance of therapeutic discoveries. To circumvent this limitation, we screened mice engineered to carry eight MM lesions (NF-κB, KRAS, MYC, TP53, BCL2, cyclin D1, MMSET/NSD2 and c-MAF) combinatorially activated in B lymphocytes following T cell-driven immunization. Fifteen genetically diverse models developed bone marrow (BM) tumors fulfilling MM pathogenesis. Integrative analyses of ∼500 mice and ∼1,000 patients revealed a common MAPK-MYC genetic pathway that accelerated time to progression from precursor states across genetically heterogeneous MM. MYC-dependent time to progression conditioned immune evasion mechanisms that remodeled the BM microenvironment differently. Rapid MYC-driven progressors exhibited a high number of activated/exhausted CD8+ T cells with reduced immunosuppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells, while late MYC acquisition in slow progressors was associated with lower CD8+ T cell infiltration and more abundant Treg cells. Single-cell transcriptomics and functional assays defined a high ratio of CD8+ T cells versus Treg cells as a predictor of response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). In clinical series, high CD8+ T/Treg cell ratios underlie early progression in untreated smoldering MM, and correlated with early relapse in newly diagnosed patients with MM under Len/Dex therapy. In ICB-refractory MM models, increasing CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity or depleting Treg cells reversed immunotherapy resistance and yielded prolonged MM control. Our experimental models enable the correlation of MM genetic and immunological traits with preclinical therapy responses, which may inform the next-generation immunotherapy trials

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació