Child Outcomes of Having a Parent with an AUD

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) affects not only the diagnosed individuals, but also those around them. This review explores how an AUD can affect parenting styles and, in turn, children’s development in four main areas of development (physical health, academic abilities, social development, and mental health). Generally, parents with an AUD negatively impact the child’s development (weight issues, poor academic skills, and aggressiveness). Existing limitations of the literature and future research directions are discussed, such as the use of cross-sectional studies and need for more clinical and longitudinal studies. Also, research on this topic extensively covers the situations of children within their nuclear families, but less is known about alternate family structures. Lastly, real-world implications of the findings are discussed

Morphological and geochemical variations along the eastern Galapagos Spreading Center

[1] As the eastern Galápagos Spreading Center (GSC) shallows westward toward the Galápagos Archipelago, axial morphology evolves from a low-relief, valley-and-ridge terrain to an increasingly prominent axial ridge, closely mirroring the western GSC. Between the Inca Transform (∼85.5°W) and its western termination near 91°W, the eastern GSC comprises seven morphological segments, separated by five morphological discontinuities and the eastward propagating 87°W overlapping spreading center. Combined morphologic and geochemical data divide the eastern GSC into two domains independent of the fine-scale morphologic segmentation. The western domain is defined by its axial ridge morphology and highly variable lava population. Elemental data define steep along-axis gradients, reflecting a complex source that includes one or more hot spot–related components in addition to a highly depleted component. The eastern domain is defined by transitional, valley-and-ridge morphologies and a surprisingly invariant lava population. This population is dominated by shallow crystal fractionation processes and displays significantly less variability attributable to multiple source components. The Galápagos hot spot has long been known to have a symmetrical, long-wavelength influence on crustal accretion along the GSC. Existing isotopic and new elemental data define twin “geochemical peaks” that we interpret as loci for transfer of distinct source components from the Galápagos plume to the GSC. Although Na8 and Fe8 values lie within the negatively correlated global array, Na8 increases with decreasing axial depth, contrary to global trends and consistent with emerging deep, hydrous melting models that predict decreasing overall extent of melting despite increasing melt production. Support for hydrous melting comes from decreasing heavy REE, increasing La/Sm and La/Yb, and the systematics of decreasing FeO and increasing CaO and Al2O3 with decreasing distance to the hot spot. Overall, an enriched, deep melt component appears to coexist in the shallow mantle with a ubiquitous, depleted primitive melt component, consistent with new models for channelized melt flow connecting a deep hydrous melt regime with the dry shallow mantle. Nevertheless, an absence of low-Fe lavas suggests that hydrous melting is strictly limited beneath the eastern GSC, becoming dominant only near the western geochemical peak where input from a hydrous “Northern” or “Wolf-Darwin” plume component is inferred

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements