Característica do estilo individual de Vasily Vasilyevich Rozanov

The present article analyzes the individual style of the famous Russian philosopher, writer, prose writer, and journalist, Vasily Vasilyevich Rozanov. It is proved that the writer's idiostyle is unique in Russian literature of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The formation of an individual style took place in three stages. At the first stage, the philosophical treatise “On Understanding” was created, in which the categories of knowledge, wisdom, etc. were subjected to philosophical analysis. At the second stage, Rozanov’s individual style, the critic, was formed. In this period, the individual style is characterized by inconsistency. At the third stage, Rozanov’s individual style is formed, a prose writer, the key characteristics of whose style were unsystematic, contradictory and antinomic.El presente artículo describe el estilo individual de la famosa rusa, escritor, prose escritor, y periodista, Vasily Vasilyevich Rozanov. Se trata de que el escritor de los idiostyle es único en los ríos de los Estados Unidos y de los últimos 20 años. La formación de un estilo individual tuvo lugar en tres etapas. En la primera etapa, se creó la filosofía táctica "On Understanding" en las categorías de conocimiento, sabiduría, etc. se han inscrito en el análisis filosófico. En la segunda etapa, Rozanov el estilo individual, la crítica, fue formada. En este período, el estilo individual se considera inconsistencia. En la tercera etapa, Rozanov's individual estilo se ha formado, la prose de escritor, la clave de su estilo han sido unsystematic, contradictoria y antinomic.O presente artigo analisa o estilo individual do famoso filósofo, escritor, escritor de prosa e jornalista russo Vasily Vasilyevich Rozanov. Está provado que o idiostilo do escritor é único na literatura russa do final do século XIX e início do século XX. A formação de um estilo individual ocorreu em três etapas. No primeiro estágio, foi criado o tratado filosófico "On Understanding", no qual as categorias de conhecimento, sabedoria, etc. foram submetidos à análise filosófica. Na segunda etapa, o estilo individual de Rozanov, o crítico, foi formado. Nesse período, o estilo individual é caracterizado por inconsistência. No terceiro estágio, formou-se o estilo individual de Rozanov, um escritor de prosa cujas característicaschave de cujo estilo eram não sistemáticas, contraditórias e antinômicas

Cross-border Movement of People between Russia and Poland and Their Influence on the Economy of Border Regions

The ever-increasing role of cross-border movement for the development of the economies of the regions of neighboring countries located in the immediate vicinity of the border defines the topicality of this research. It is important to continually assess the dynamics of cross-border cooperation, reflecting the change in the foreign policy interaction between the Russian Federation and neighboring countries in Europe, to develop timely measures to minimize the negative consequences of such tendencies. The aim of research was to analyze the dynamics of cross-border movements and exchanges between the residents of the Kaliningrad Region and Poland, the assessment of the objectives' structure of visits and the distance from the border to the visit target. As a result of the research was compiled a “portrait” of the main groups of residents of the Kaliningrad region and Poland participating in cross-border movements, and authors' assessment of the positive and negative effects of such movements and exchanges on the economic development of these regions is given. Keywords: trans-border cooperation, regional development, economic cooperation, tourism, Kaliningrad region, Russia, Poland JEL Classifications: F63, R1

The effects of improving sleep on mental health (OASIS): a randomised controlled trial with mediation analysis

BACKGROUND: Sleep difficulties might be a contributory causal factor in the occurrence of mental health problems. If this is true, improving sleep should benefit psychological health. We aimed to determine whether treating insomnia leads to a reduction in paranoia and hallucinations. METHODS: We did this single-blind, randomised controlled trial (OASIS) at 26 UK universities. University students with insomnia were randomly assigned (1:1) with simple randomisation to receive digital cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for insomnia or usual care, and the research team were masked to the treatment. Online assessments took place at weeks 0, 3, 10 (end of therapy), and 22. The primary outcome measures were for insomnia, paranoia, and hallucinatory experiences. We did intention-to-treat analyses. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN61272251. FINDINGS: Between March 5, 2015, and Feb 17, 2016, we randomly assigned 3755 participants to receive digital CBT for insomnia (n=1891) or usual practice (n=1864). Compared with usual practice, the sleep intervention at 10 weeks reduced insomnia (adjusted difference 4·78, 95% CI 4·29 to 5·26, Cohen's d=1·11; p<0·0001), paranoia (-2·22, -2·98 to -1·45, Cohen's d=0·19; p<0·0001), and hallucinations (-1·58, -1·98 to -1·18, Cohen's d=0·24; p<0·0001). Insomnia was a mediator of change in paranoia and hallucinations. No adverse events were reported. INTERPRETATION: To our knowledge, this is the largest randomised controlled trial of a psychological intervention for a mental health problem. It provides strong evidence that insomnia is a causal factor in the occurrence of psychotic experiences and other mental health problems. Whether the results generalise beyond a student population requires testing. The treatment of disrupted sleep might require a higher priority in mental health provision. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust

Genetic landscape of pediatric acute liver failure of indeterminate origin.

BACKGROUND AIMS Pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is a life-threatening condition. In Europe, main causes are viral infections (12-16%) and inherited metabolic diseases (14-28%). Yet, in up to 50% of cases the underlying etiology remains elusive, challenging clinical management, including liver transplantation. We systematically studied indeterminate PALF cases referred for genetic evaluation by whole-exome sequencing (WES), and analyzed phenotypic and biochemical markers, and the diagnostic yield of WES in this condition. METHODS With this international, multicenter observational study, patients (0-18 y) with indeterminate PALF were analyzed by WES. Data on the clinical and biochemical phenotype were retrieved and systematically analyzed. RESULTS In total, 260 indeterminate PALF patients from 19 countries were recruited between 2011 and 2022, of whom 59 had recurrent PALF (RALF). WES established a genetic diagnosis in 37% of cases (97/260). Diagnostic yield was highest in children with PALF in the first year of life (46%), and in children with RALF (64%). Thirty-six distinct disease genes were identified. Defects in NBAS (n=20), MPV17 (n=8) and DGUOK (n=7) were the most frequent findings. When categorizing, most frequent were mitochondrial diseases (45%), disorders of vesicular trafficking (28%) and cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase deficiencies (10%). One-third of patients had a fatal outcome. Fifty-six patients received liver transplants. CONCLUSION This study elucidates a large contribution of genetic causes in PALF of indeterminate origin with an increasing spectrum of disease entities. The high proportion of diagnosed cases and potential treatment implications argue for exome or in future rapid genome sequencing in PALF diagnostics

Suicide trends in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time-series analysis of preliminary data from 21 countries

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is having profound mental health consequences for many people. Concerns have been expressed that at its most extreme, this may manifest itself in increased suicide rates.MethodsWe sourced real-time suicide data from around the world via a systematic internet search and recourse to our networks and the published literature. We used interrupted time series analysis to model the trend in monthly suicides prior to COVID-19 in each country/area-within-country, comparing the expected number of suicides derived from the model with the observed number of suicides in the early months of the pandemic. Countries/areas-within countries contributed data from at least 1 January 2019 to 31 July 2020 and potentially from as far back as 1 January 2016 until as recently as 31 October 2020. We conducted a primary analysis in which we treated 1 April to 31 July 2020 as the COVID-19 period, and two sensitivity analyses in which we varied its start and end dates (for those countries/areas-within-countries with data beyond July 2020).OutcomesWe sourced data from 21 countries (high income [n=16], upper-middle income [n=5]; whole country [n=10], area(s)-within-the-country [n=11]). In general, there does not appear to have been a significant increase in suicides since the pandemic began in the countries for which we had data. In fact, in a number of countries/areas-within-countries there appears to have been a decrease.InterpretationThis is the first study to examine suicides occurring in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in multiple countries. It offers a consistent picture, albeit from high- and upper-middle income countries, of suicide numbers largely remaining unchanged or declining in the early months of the pandemic. We need to remain vigilant and be poised to respond if the situation changes as the longer-term mental health and economic impacts of the pandemic unfold

Frequency drift in MR spectroscopy at 3T

Purpose: Heating of gradient coils and passive shim components is a common cause of instability in the B-0 field, especially when gradient intensive sequences are used. The aim of the study was to set a benchmark for typical drift encountered during MR spectroscopy (MRS) to assess the need for real-time field-frequency locking on MRI scanners by comparing field drift data from a large number of sites.Method: A standardized protocol was developed for 80 participating sites using 99 3T MR scanners from 3 major vendors. Phantom water signals were acquired before and after an EPI sequence. The protocol consisted of: minimal preparatory imaging; a short pre-fMRI PRESS; a ten-minute fMRI acquisition; and a long post-fMRI PRESS acquisition. Both pre- and post-fMRI PRESS were non-water suppressed. Real-time frequency stabilization/adjustment was switched off when appropriate. Sixty scanners repeated the protocol for a second dataset. In addition, a three-hour post-fMRI MRS acquisition was performed at one site to observe change of gradient temperature and drift rate. Spectral analysis was performed using MATLAB. Frequency drift in pre-fMRI PRESS data were compared with the first 5:20 minutes and the full 30:00 minutes of data after fMRI. Median (interquartile range) drifts were measured and showed in violin plot. Paired t-tests were performed to compare frequency drift pre- and post-fMRI. A simulated in vivo spectrum was generated using FID-A to visualize the effect of the observed frequency drifts. The simulated spectrum was convolved with the frequency trace for the most extreme cases. Impacts of frequency drifts on NAA and GABA were also simulated as a function of linear drift. Data from the repeated protocol were compared with the corresponding first dataset using Pearson's and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).Results: Of the data collected from 99 scanners, 4 were excluded due to various reasons. Thus, data from 95 scanners were ultimately analyzed. For the first 5:20 min (64 transients), median (interquartile range) drift was 0.44 (1.29) Hz before fMRI and 0.83 (1.29) Hz after. This increased to 3.15 (4.02) Hz for the full 30 min (360 transients) run. Average drift rates were 0.29 Hz/min before fMRI and 0.43 Hz/min after. Paired t-tests indicated that drift increased after fMRI, as expected (p &lt; 0.05). Simulated spectra convolved with the frequency drift showed that the intensity of the NAA singlet was reduced by up to 26%, 44 % and 18% for GE, Philips and Siemens scanners after fMRI, respectively. ICCs indicated good agreement between datasets acquired on separate days. The single site long acquisition showed drift rate was reduced to 0.03 Hz/min approximately three hours after fMRI.Discussion: This study analyzed frequency drift data from 95 3T MRI scanners. Median levels of drift were relatively low (5-min average under 1 Hz), but the most extreme cases suffered from higher levels of drift. The extent of drift varied across scanners which both linear and nonlinear drifts were observed.</p

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Set Functions and Probability Distributions of a Finite Random Sets

This paper is the investigation of the probability distributions of a finite random set in which the set of random events are considered as a support of the finite random set. These probability distributions can be defined by six equivalent ways (distributions of the I-st — VI-th type). Each of these types of the probability distributions is the set function defined on the corresponding system of events. In this paper the sufficient conditions are formulated and proved. When these conditions are satisfied, then the set function determines the probability distributions of the finite random set of the II-nd and the V-th type. The found conditions supplement the known necessary conditions for the existence of the probability distributions of a finite random set of the II-nd and the V-th type

Истина как форма моделирования целостности на уровне социального бытия

This article is about the problem of formation and existence of the social integrity. There is to be named the factors of the formation of social integrity. The ideological basis of the social integrity is underlined like the main factor for this formation. There is the review and analytic research of the historical forms of religious and philosophic models of integrity at social being level. Historical period of 15th and 16th of Old Russia is researched more detailed like the example of socio-centrism model in historical development.Статья посвящена проблеме формирования и существования социального единства. Приведены условия формирования социальной целостности. Наибольшее значение придается исследованию идеологической составляющей общественного объединения. Предложен обзор и аналитическое исследование исторических форм религиозных и философских моделей социального единства. В качестве исторического примера социоцентризма подробно исследуется период рубежа XV-XVI веков в истории древнерусского государства с позиции экономических, правовых и идеологических предпосылок к становлению социоцентризма

Competitive personalities of students - future engineers of the oil and gas industry

The goal of students' professional training in the oil and gas field is to form a competitive, highly qualified graduate. This article describes the criteria and requirements necessary for the formation of a competitive specialist in the oil and gas industry, namely, a future engineer, and emerging issues and problems faced by both university teachers and students. This work was carried out based on the analysis of scientific literature, which described the research of scientists on the competitiveness of graduates of technical universities in current conditions, as well as on the analysis of the results of the implementation of pedagogical conditions for the development of the qualities of a competitive personality of students. The implementation of the conditions proposed within the framework of this work contributes to the training of a highly qualified specialist who is ready to "survive" in modern conditions of competition.O objetivo da formação profissional dos alunos na área de petróleo e gás é formar uma pós-graduação competitiva e altamente qualificada. Este artigo descreve os critérios e requisitos necessários para a formação de um especialista competitivo na indústria de petróleo e gás, ou seja, um futuro engenheiro, e questões emergentes e problemas enfrentados por professores e alunos universitários. Este trabalho foi realizado com base na análise da literatura científica, que descreveu a investigação de cientistas sobre a competitividade dos licenciados em universidades técnicas nas condições actuais, bem como na análise dos resultados da implementação de condições pedagógicas para o desenvolvimento de as qualidades de uma personalidade competitiva dos alunos. A concretização das condições propostas no âmbito deste trabalho contribui para a formação de um especialista altamente qualificado e pronto a "sobreviver" nas modernas condições de competição.El objetivo de la formación profesional de los estudiantes en el campo del petróleo y el gas es formar un graduado competitivo y altamente calificado. Este artículo describe los criterios y requisitos necesarios para la formación de un especialista competitivo en la industria del petróleo y el gas, es decir, un futuro ingeniero, y los problemas y problemas emergentes que enfrentan tanto los docentes universitarios como los estudiantes. Este trabajo se realizó con base en el análisis de la literatura científica, que describió la investigación de científicos sobre la competitividad de los egresados de universidades técnicas en las condiciones actuales, así como en el análisis de los resultados de la implementación de condiciones pedagógicas para el desarrollo de las cualidades de una personalidad competitiva de los estudiantes. La implementación de las condiciones propuestas en el marco de este trabajo contribuye a la formación de un especialista altamente calificado y listo para "sobrevivir" en las modernas condiciones de competencia