Ralph Dekoninck et Agnès Guiderdoni (dir.), Maximilian Sandaeus, un jésuite entre mystique et symbolique, études suivies de l’édition par Mariel Mazzocco des annotations d’Angelus Silesius à la Pro theologia mystica clavis, textes rassemblés et édités par Clément Duyck

Maximilian Sandaeus [Van der Sandt, 1578‑1656] est souvent considéré comme le principal théoricien de la mystique au sein de la tradition jésuite du xviie siècle. Né à Amsterdam dans une famille catholique, formé à Groningue, Cologne et Pont-à-Mousson avant d’entrer dans la Compagnie à Rome, il effectue toute sa carrière dans la Province allemande de Rhénanie inférieure, principalement aux collèges de Wurtzbourg, Mayence et Cologne. Son œuvre est magistrale et immense, comprenant environ soix..

Edmond Ortigues, théologien entre deux conciles

Cette étude tente de reconstruire l’influence méconnue de la thèse de théologie (1948) inédite d’Edmond Ortigues dans les débats sur le rapport entre Écriture et tradition menant au concile Vatican II. Une première section résume la lecture proposée par Ortigues du canon tridentin sur les sources de la révélation. Une deuxième section situe cette reconstruction par Ortigues dans le débat sur les rapports entre Écriture et tradition dans la théologie catholique des années 1950-1960, et montre la proximité de sa position avec celle de certains théologiens essentiels pour le concile, dont Josef Rupert Geiselmann et Yves Congar. Enfin, une troisième partie tente d’expliquer comment Ortigues envisageait son propre travail de théologien, et pourquoi les apories liées au dépassement des sources documentaires ou témoins (Écriture, tradition) pour atteindre la parole vivante de Dieu l’ont conduit à se tourner vers la philosophie.This study attempts to reconstruct the hidden influence of Edmond Ortigues’ unpublished PhD in theology (1948) within the debates on the relationship between Scripture in Tradition, leading to the Second Vatican Council. A first section summarizes Ortigues’ reading of the Tridentine canon on the sources of revelation. A second section situates his reconstruction in the debate on Scripture and Tradition in the 1950s and 1960s, and shows the proximity of Ortigues’ views with those of leading theologians such as Josef Rupert Geiselmann and Yves Congar, whose work was widely discussed at the Vatican Council. Finally, a third and last part tries to explain how Ortigues considered his own work as a theologian, and why the paradoxes linked to the overcoming of the documentary sources or testimonies (Scripture, Tradition) in order to reach the living divine word itself have finally lead him towards philosophy.Este estudio intenta reconstruir la influencia mal conocida de la tesis de teología (1948) inédita de Edmond Ortigues en los debates sobre la relación entre Escritura y tradición que llevan al concilio Vaticano II. Una primera sección resume la lectura propuesta por Ortigues del canon tridentino sobre las fuentes de la revelación. Una segunda sección sitúa esta reconstrucción en el debate sobre las relaciones entre Escritura y tradición en la teología católica de los años 1950-60, y muestra la proximidad de su posición con la de ciertos teólogos esenciales para el concilio, entre los cuales Josef Rupert Geiselmann e Yves Congar. Finalmente, una tercera parte trata de explicar cómo Ortigues comprendía su propio trabajo de teólogo, y porqué las aporías ligadas a la superación de las fuentes documentales o testimonios (Escritura, tradición) para llegar a la palabra viva de Dios lo condujeron a volverse hacia la filosofía

Awareness, detection and management of new and emerging tree pests and pathogens in Europe: stakeholders' perspectives

Emerging and invasive tree pests and pathogens in Europe are increasing in number and range, having impacts on biodiversity, forest services, ecosystems and human well-being. Stakeholders involved in tree and forest management contribute to the detection and management of new and emerging tree pests and pathogens (PnPs). We surveyed different groups of stakeholders in European countries. The stakeholders were mainly researchers, tree health surveyors and forest managers, as well as forest owners, nurseries, policy-makers, advisors, forestry authorities, NGOs and civil society. We investigated which tools they used to detect and manage PnPs, surveyed their current PnP awareness and knowledge and collated the new and emerging PnP species of concern to them. The 237 respondents were based in 15 European coun-tries, with the majority from the United Kingdom, France and the Czech Republic. There was a strong participation of respondents with a work focus on research and surveying, whereas timber traders and plant importers were less represented. Respondents were surveyed on 18 new, emerging PnPs in Europe and listed an additional 37 pest species and 21 pathogen species as potential future threats. We found that species on EPPO's list of 'priority pests' were better known than those not listed.Stakeholders working in urban environments were more aware of PnPs compared to those working in rural areas. Stakeholders' awareness of PnPs was not related to the number of new, emerging PnP species present in a country. Stakeholders want access to more detection and management tools, including long-term citizen -sci-ence monitoring, maps showing spread and range of new PnPs, pest identification smartphone apps, hand-held detection devices, drone monitoring and eDNA metabarcoding. To help facilitate better forest health across Europe, they called for mixed forest development, reduced nursery stock movement, biosecurity and data sharing amongst organisations. These results indicate that stakeholder knowledge of a few key PnP may be good, but given that the large diversity of threats is so large and future risks unknown, we conclude that multiple and varied methods for generic detection, mitigation and management methods, many in devel-opment, are needed in the hands of stakeholders surveying and managing trees and woodlands in Europe

Finite Temperature Retarded and Advanced Fields

By employing retarded and advanced propagators, Aurenche and Becherrawy showed how to rewrite the real-time thermal Feynman rules so that the temperature dependence is removed from the free propagators and transferred to the vertices. The present paper introduces retarded and advanced field operators and incorporates all temperature dependence into the interaction term of the Hamiltonian. Perturbative expansions of the Green functions in the Hamiltonian formulation give the correct results order by order in perturbation theory. The spectrum of the temperature-dependent Hamiltonian contains the thermal quasiparticles that produce poles in the propagators.Comment: 27 pages, latex, no figure

Multiplex knockout of trichome-regulating MYB duplicates in hybrid poplar using a single gRNA

As the focus for CRISPR/Cas-edited plants moves from proof-of-concept to real-world applications, precise gene manipulation will increasingly require concurrent multiplex editing for polygenic traits. A common approach for editing across multiple sites is to design one guide RNA (gRNA) per target; however, this complicates construct assembly and increases the possibility of off-target mutations. In this study, we utilized one gRNA to target MYB186, a known positive trichome regulator, as well as its paralogs MYB138 and MYB38 at a consensus site for mutagenesis in hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × P. alba INRA 717-1B4). Unexpected duplications of MYB186 and MYB138 resulted in eight alleles for the three targeted genes in the hybrid poplar. Deep sequencing and polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed editing across all eight targets in nearly all of the resultant glabrous mutants, ranging from small indels to large genomic dropouts, with no off-target activity detected at four potential sites. This highlights the effectiveness of a single gRNA targeting conserved exonic regions for multiplex editing. Additionally, cuticular wax and whole-leaf analyses showed a complete absence of triterpenes in the trichomeless mutants, hinting at a previously undescribed role for the nonglandular trichomes of poplar

The completion of the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)

Since its start, the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) has sought to provide at least one full-protein-coding sequence cDNA clone for every human and mouse gene with a RefSeq transcript, and at least 6200 rat genes. The MGC cloning effort initially relied on random expressed sequence tag screening of cDNA libraries. Here, we summarize our recent progress using directed RT-PCR cloning and DNA synthesis. The MGC now contains clones with the entire protein-coding sequence for 92% of human and 89% of mouse genes with curated RefSeq (NM-accession) transcripts, and for 97% of human and 96% of mouse genes with curated RefSeq transcripts that have one or more PubMed publications, in addition to clones for more than 6300 rat genes. These high-quality MGC clones and their sequences are accessible without restriction to researchers worldwide

Genome evolution in the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis

To explore the origins and consequences of tetraploidy in the African clawed frog, we sequenced the Xenopus laevis genome and compared it to the related diploid X. tropicalis genome. We characterize the allotetraploid origin of X. laevis by partitioning its genome into two homoeologous subgenomes, marked by distinct families of ???fossil??? transposable elements. On the basis of the activity of these elements and the age of hundreds of unitary pseudogenes, we estimate that the two diploid progenitor species diverged around 34 million years ago (Ma) and combined to form an allotetraploid around 17-18 Ma. More than 56% of all genes were retained in two homoeologous copies. Protein function, gene expression, and the amount of conserved flanking sequence all correlate with retention rates. The subgenomes have evolved asymmetrically, with one chromosome set more often preserving the ancestral state and the other experiencing more gene loss, deletion, rearrangement, and reduced gene expression.ope

Gene-rich UV sex chromosomes harbor conserved regulators of sexual development

Centro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Nonrecombining sex chromosomes, like the mammalian Y, often lose genes and accumulate transposable ele ments, a process termed degeneration. The correlation between suppressed recombination and degeneration is clear in animal XY systems, but the absence of recombination is confounded with other asymmetries between the X and Y. In contrast, UV sex chromosomes, like those found in bryophytes, experience symmetrical population genetic conditions. Here, we generate nearly gapless female and male chromosome-scale reference genomes of the moss Ceratodon purpureus to test for degeneration in the bryophyte UV sex chromosomes. We show that the moss sex chromosomes evolved over 300 million years ago and expanded via two chromosomal fusions. Although the sex chromosomes exhibit weaker purifying selection than autosomes, we find that suppressed recombination alone is insufficient to drive degeneration. Instead, the U and V sex chromosomes harbor thousands of broadly expressed genes, including numerous key regulators of sexual development across land plants.This work was supported by NSF DEB-1541005 and 1542609 and start-up funds from UF to S.F.M.; microMORPH Cross-Disciplinary Training Grant, Sigma-Xi Grant-In-Aid of Research, and Society for the Study of Evolution Rosemary Grant Award to S.B.C.; NSF DEB-1239992 to N.J.W.; the Emil Aaltonen Foundation and the University of Turku to S.O.; and NSF DEB-1541506 to J.G.B. and S.F.M. The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.Peer reviewed12 Pág. Supplementary material for this article is available at http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/ content/full/7/27/eabh2488/DC

RUNX1-dependent RAG1 deposition instigates human TCR-δ locus rearrangement

V(D)J recombination of TCR loci is regulated by chromatin accessibility to RAG1/2 proteins, rendering RAG1/2 targeting a potentially important regulator of lymphoid differentiation. We show that within the human TCR-α/δ locus

Relationship between the Clinical Frailty Scale and short-term mortality in patients ≥ 80 years old acutely admitted to the ICU: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is frequently used to measure frailty in critically ill adults. There is wide variation in the approach to analysing the relationship between the CFS score and mortality after admission to the ICU. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of modelling approach on the association between the CFS score and short-term mortality and quantify the prognostic value of frailty in this context. METHODS: We analysed data from two multicentre prospective cohort studies which enrolled intensive care unit patients ≥ 80 years old in 26 countries. The primary outcome was mortality within 30-days from admission to the ICU. Logistic regression models for both ICU and 30-day mortality included the CFS score as either a categorical, continuous or dichotomous variable and were adjusted for patient's age, sex, reason for admission to the ICU, and admission Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. RESULTS: The median age in the sample of 7487 consecutive patients was 84 years (IQR 81-87). The highest fraction of new prognostic information from frailty in the context of 30-day mortality was observed when the CFS score was treated as either a categorical variable using all original levels of frailty or a nonlinear continuous variable and was equal to 9% using these modelling approaches (p < 0.001). The relationship between the CFS score and mortality was nonlinear (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Knowledge about a patient's frailty status adds a substantial amount of new prognostic information at the moment of admission to the ICU. Arbitrary simplification of the CFS score into fewer groups than originally intended leads to a loss of information and should be avoided. Trial registration NCT03134807 (VIP1), NCT03370692 (VIP2)