405 research outputs found
Equivalence of the (generalised) Hadamard and microlocal spectrum condition for (generalised) free fields in curved spacetime
We prove that the singularity structure of all n-point distributions of a
state of a generalised real free scalar field in curved spacetime can be
estimated if the two-point distribution is of Hadamard form. In particular this
applies to the real free scalar field and the result has applications in
perturbative quantum field theory, showing that the class of all Hadamard
states is the state space of interest. In our proof we assume that the field is
a generalised free field, i.e. that it satisies scalar (c-number) commutation
relations, but it need not satisfy an equation of motion. The same argument
also works for anti-commutation relations and it can be generalised to
vector-valued fields. To indicate the strengths and limitations of our
assumption we also prove the analogues of a theorem by Borchers and Zimmermann
on the self-adjointness of field operators and of a very weak form of the
Jost-Schroer theorem. The original proofs of these results in the Wightman
framework make use of analytic continuation arguments. In our case no
analyticity is assumed, but to some extent the scalar commutation relations can
take its place.Comment: 18 page
Refining human palaeodietary reconstruction using amino acid delta N-15 values of plants, animals and humans.
An established method of estimating the trophic level of an organism is through stable isotope analysis of
its tissues and those of its diet. This method has been used in archaeology to reconstruct past human diet
from the stable nitrogen isotope (d15N) values of human and herbivore bone collagen. However, this
approach, using the 15N-enrichment of human bone collagen d15N values over associated herbivore bone
collagen d15N values to predict the relative importance of animal protein, relies on the assumptions that:
(i) the d15N values of plants consumed by humans and herbivores are identical, and (ii) the 15Nenrichment
between diet and consumer is consistent. Bone collagen amino acid d15N values have the
potential to tackle these uncertainties, as they constrain the factors influencing bone collagen d15N
values. In this study, the d15N values of glutamic acid and phenylalanine in human and herbivore bone
collagen isolates from Neolithic sites in Germany, Greece and Turkey were determined by gas
chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The fraction of animal protein in total
dietary protein consumed by the humans was estimated by: (i) comparing bulk human and herbivore
collagen d15N values, (ii) comparing bulk human and herbivore collagen and ancient charred cereal grain
d15N values, (iii) comparing human bone collagen d15NGlutamic acid and d15NPhenylalanine values, and (iv)
comparing d15NGlutamic acid values of human and herbivore bone collagen and estimated d15NGlutamic acid
values of ancient charred cereal grains. Where determined cereal grain d15N values are higher than
estimated herbivore forage values, estimates of animal protein consumption are significantly lower,
emphasising the importance of the plant nitrogen contribution to human bone collagen. This study also
highlights the need for further investigation into: (i) the D15NConsumer-Diet values of glutamic acid and
phenylalanine in terrestrial ecosystems, and (ii) D15NGlutamic acid-Phenylalanine values of common plant foods
in order to improve the accuracy and more widespread applicability of amino acid-based methods for
palaeodietary reconstruction
Gravitational Field of Fractal Distribution of Particles
In this paper we consider the gravitational field of fractal distribution of
particles. To describe fractal distribution, we use the fractional integrals.
The fractional integrals are considered as approximations of integrals on
fractals. Using the fractional generalization of the Gauss's law, we consider
the simple examples of the fields of homogeneous fractal distribution. The
examples of gravitational moments for fractal distribution are considered.Comment: 14 pages, LaTe
Interatomic potentials for atomistic simulations of the Ti-Al system
Semi-empirical interatomic potentials have been developed for Al, alpha-Ti,
and gamma-TiAl within the embedded atomic method (EAM) by fitting to a large
database of experimental as well as ab-initio data. The ab-initio calculations
were performed by the linear augmented plane wave (LAPW) method within the
density functional theory to obtain the equations of state for a number of
crystal structures of the Ti-Al system. Some of the calculated LAPW energies
were used for fitting the potentials while others for examining their quality.
The potentials correctly predict the equilibrium crystal structures of the
phases and accurately reproduce their basic lattice properties. The potentials
are applied to calculate the energies of point defects, surfaces, planar faults
in the equilibrium structures. Unlike earlier EAM potentials for the Ti-Al
system, the proposed potentials provide reasonable description of the lattice
thermal expansion, demonstrating their usefulness in the molecular dynamics or
Monte Carlo studies at high temperatures. The energy along the tetragonal
deformation path (Bain transformation) in gamma-TiAl calculated with the EAM
potential is in a fairly good agreement with LAPW calculations. Equilibrium
point defect concentrations in gamma-TiAl are studied using the EAM potential.
It is found that antisite defects strongly dominate over vacancies at all
compositions around stoichiometry, indicating that gamm-TiAl is an antisite
disorder compound in agreement with experimental data.Comment: 46 pages, 6 figures (Physical Review B, in press
Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results
Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC
provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of
lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with
a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the
transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the
anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the
nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of
the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp.
Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in
the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies
smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating
nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and
transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of
inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous
measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables,
submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are
available at
http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02
The Pharmacogenetics Research Network: From SNP Discovery to Clinical Drug Response
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109975/1/cpt6100087.pd
Using behavior-analytic implicit tests to assess sexual interests among normal and sex-offender populations
The development of implicit tests for measuring biases and behavioral predispositions is a recent development within psychology. While such tests are usually researched within a social-cognitive paradigm, behavioral researchers have also begun to view these tests as potential tests of conditioning histories, including in the sexual domain.
The objective of this paper is to illustrate the utility of a behavioral approach to implicit testing and means by which implicit tests can be built to the standards of behavioral psychologists.
Research findings illustrating the short history of implicit testing within the experimental analysis of behavior are reviewed. Relevant parallel and overlapping research findings from the field of social cognition and on the Implicit Association Test are also outlined.
New preliminary data obtained with both normal and sex offender populations are described in order to illustrate how behavior-analytically conceived implicit tests may have potential as investigative tools for assessing histories of sexual arousal conditioning and derived stimulus associations.
It is concluded that popular implicit tests are likely sensitive to conditioned and derived stimulus associations in the history of the test-taker rather than 'unconscious cognitions', per se
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