HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider – Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 4

In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee), the corresponding 100 km tunnel infrastructure, as well as the physics opportunities of these two colliders, and a high-energy LHC, based on FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the third volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the hadron collider FCC-hh. It summarizes the FCC-hh physics discovery opportunities, presents the FCC-hh accelerator design, performance reach, and staged operation plan, discusses the underlying technologies, the civil engineering and technical infrastructure, and also sketches a possible implementation. Combining ingredients from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high-luminosity LHC upgrade and adding novel technologies and approaches, the FCC-hh design aims at significantly extending the energy frontier to 100 TeV. Its unprecedented centre-of-mass collision energy will make the FCC-hh a unique instrument to explore physics beyond the Standard Model, offering great direct sensitivity to new physics and discoveries

Examining with the sintered temperature of mean grain size of B 4 C-Al-Ni composites by ultrasonic techniques

Hard, tough, lightweight boron-carbide-reactive metal composites, boron-carbide-aluminum composites, are produced. The ultrasonic velocity and attenuation were measured on B4C-Al-Ni ceramic-metal composites, which are sintered in the temperature range 500-1200°C, by using the pulse echo method. Ultrasonic velocity, ultrasonic attenuation and rate of screen heights of successive peaks were determined according to the pulse-echo method by using 2 MHz and 4 MHz probes. It was observed that the mean grain size of samples has been changed with the sintering temperature. The velocity was found to be pretty sample dependent at room temperature and increased with increasing sintering temperature. The ultrasonic attenuation at room temperature was found to be more sample dependent. The sintering temperature variation of ultrasonic attenuation exhibited broad minimum values around 1200°C and sharp maximum values at 500°C. The increase observed in the temperature variation of longitudinal velocities and attenuation has been qualitatively explained with the help of the temperature variation of decrease value

Relative effects of porosity and grain size on ultrasonic wave propagation in marbles

Grain size determinations by various ultrasonic techniques have been considered by several researches. Among the known methods, the ultrasonic seems to stand out because the method could be used to determine many properties of the materials. In this paper, we investigated that relative effect of porosity, mean grain size on ultrasonic velocity in marbles. We have represented ultrasonic velocity- porosity and porosity-grain size master graph. Using this graph, we have compared mean grain size of marble samples by optic microscope images. The experimental data are compared with the velocity versus porosity curves calculated according to ultrasonic methods. We see that ultrasonic velocity and porosity has showed a linear relation with the mean grain size of samples. © RILEM 2013

Mean grain size and pore effects on ultrasonic properties of WC-Fe-Ni and SiC-Fe-Ni composites

In this work, electroless nickel plating technique was used with WC-Fe and SiC-Fe powders. Plated powders were sintered at temperature ranging from 600°C to 1100°C under argon shroud in Phoenix microwave furnace. The mean grain size is determined by using three different techniques namely ultrasonic velocity, ultrasonic attenuation, and rate of screen heights of successive peaks according to the pulse-echo method by using a 2 MHz and a 4 MHz probes compared with the scanning electron microscopy images. In addition, the relative effects of porosity on ultrasonic attenuation and velocity in the WC-Fe-Ni and SiC-Fe-Ni composite samples are studied. It is seen that the ultrasonic velocity, the ultrasonic attenuation, the rate of screen heights of successive peaks have a linear relation with the mean grain size of samples. However, the correlation coefficients of porosity graphs have higher values than mean grain size graphs for the composite materials as expected. This indicates that porosity determines the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation for the composite samples

Calculations of (γ,n) Reaction Cross Sections using Different Level Density Models for Some Lanthanide Nuclei

The discrete level information deficiency requires usage of level density models in cross section calculations. The total reaction cross sections for gamma-induced reactions through the six level density models with a consistent parameterization of some lanthanides ($\text{}^{141}Pr,$ $\text{}^{142}Nd,$ $\text{}^{144}Sm,$ $\text{}^{153}Eu,$ $\text{}^{159}Tb,$ $\text{}^{160}Gd,$ $\text{}^{165}Ho,$ $\text{}^{175}Lu$) were calculated using TALYS 1.6 in the incident energy range from 5 to 30 MeV. All calculations from the present study were compared with each other and with data available in the literature

FCC Physics Opportunities: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 1

We review the physics opportunities of the Future Circular Collider, covering its e+e-, pp, ep and heavy ion programmes. We describe the measurement capabilities of each FCC component, addressing the study of electroweak, Higgs and strong interactions, the top quark and flavour, as well as phenomena beyond the Standard Model. We highlight the synergy and complementarity of the different colliders, which will contribute to a uniquely coherent and ambitious research programme, providing an unmatchable combination of precision and sensitivity to new physics