Productive performance of grasslands with different combinations of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

En la zona central de México existen sistemas de producción animal que tienen como componente importante el uso de praderas puras y asociadas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar cuatro asociaciones, dos gramíneas y una leguminosa, sembradas en diferentes proporciones. Los tratamientos consistieron de las siguientes asociaciones: 20-40-40, 00-50-50, 40-20-40, y 50-00-50 % de ovillo (Ov), ballico perenne (Ba) y trébol blanco (Tr), respectivamente. Los tratamientos se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en 12 parcelas experimentales de 9 por 8 m, de acuerdo con un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con tres repeticiones. Se evaluó rendimiento de materia seca, tasa de crecimiento, composición botánica y morfológica y altura de la planta. En rendimiento anual las asociaciones que presentaron mayor rendimiento fueron; 40-20-40 y 20-40-40 con 20,182 y 19,146 kg MS ha-1, respectivamente y la menor, la asociación 00-50-50 con 15,896 kg MS ha-1. La asociación; 40-20-40 es la que mayor tasa de crecimiento anual presentó con 56 kg MS ha-1 d-1. Independientemente de la estación, en composición botánica y morfológica las asociaciones; 20-40-40, 40-20-40 y 50-00-50 fue la que mayor hoja de ovillo presentó con un promedio de 50%. La estación de invierno fueron las que mayor porcentaje de hoja de ballico presentó para la asociación 00-50-50 con 32%. Independientemente de la asociación, en la estación de primavera fue donde se obtuvo mayor altura con un promedio de 37 cm y la menor fue en invierno con un promedio de 15 cm. En conclusión, la asociación; 40-20-40 fue mejor en rendimiento anual, tasa de crecimiento y altura y la menor fue la asociación 00-50-50.In central Mexico there animal production systems whose major component using pure and associated grasslands. The objective of this research was to evaluate four associations, two grasses and legume planted in different proportions. Treatments consisted of the following associations: 20-40-40, 00-50-50, 40-20-40, and 50-00-50% of orchard grass (Ov), perennial ryegrass (Ba) and white clover (Tr) respectively. The treatments were randomly distributed in 12 experimental plots of 9 and 8 m, according to a design of a randomized complete block with three replications. Dry matter yield, growth rate, botanical and morphological composition and plant height were evaluated. In the association's annual yield higher performance were presented; 40-20-40 and 20-40-40 with 20.182 and 19.146 kg DM ha-1 respectively and the lowest 00-50-50 association with 15.896 kg DM ha-1. The Association; 40-20-40 is the highest annual growth rate presented with 56 kg DM ha-1 d-1. Regardless of the season, botanical and morphological composition associations; 20-40-40, 40-20-40 and 50-00-50 which was higher clew sheet presented with an average of 50 %, the winter season were the highest percentage of ryegrass sheet presented to the association 00-50-50 to 32%. Regardless of the association in the spring season it was where greater height was obtained with an average of 37 cm and the lowest was in winter with an average of 15 cm. In conclusion the association; 40-20-40 was better in annual yield growth rate and lower height and the association was 00-50-50.Fil: Rojas García, Adelaido Rafael.Fil: Hernández Garay, Alfonso. Colegio de Postgraduados. Campus Montecillo (México)Fil: Ayala, Walter.Fil: Mendoza Pedroza, Sergio Iban. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México)Fil: Cancino, Santiago Joaquín. Colegio de Postgraduados. Campus Montecillo (México)Fil: Vaquera Huerata, Humberto. Colegio de Postgraduados. Campus Montecillo (México)Fil: Ortega, Mario Alberto Santiago. Colegio de Postgraduados. Campus Montecillo (México

Sensitivity Evaluation Method for Aerospace Digital Systems with Collaborative Hardening

Complexity of current digital systems and circuits involves new challenges in the field of hardening and measuring circuits sensitivity under SEEs. In this work, a new solution for evaluating the SEU sensitivity of space systems based on using programmable logic devices is proposed. This solution is able to perform a deep analysis of fault effects in systems with hardware functionality distribution, taking into account the high complexity of the hardware nodes (complex programmable logic devices) and their collaborative hardening properties

Comportamiento productivo de praderas con distintas combinaciones de ovillo (Dactylis glomerata L.), ballico perenne (Lolium perenne L.) y trébol blanco (Trifolium repens L.)

In central Mexico there animal production systems whose major component using pure and associated grasslands. The objective of this research was to evaluate four associations, two grasses and legume planted in different proportions. Treatments consisted of the following associations: 20-40-40, 00-50-50, 40-20-40, and 50-00-50% of orchard grass (Ov), perennial ryegrass (Ba) and white clover (Tr) respectively. The treatments were randomly distributed in 12 experimental plots of 9 and 8 m, according to a design of a randomized complete block with three replications. Dry matter yield, growth rate, botanical and morphological composition and plant height were evaluated. In the association's annual yield higher performance were presented; 40-20-40 and 20-40-40 with 20.182 and 19.146 kg DM ha-1 respectively and the lowest 00-50-50 association with 15.896 kg DM ha-1. The Association; 40-20-40 is the highest annual growth rate presented with 56 kg DM ha-1 d-1. Regardless of the season, botanical and morphological composition associations; 20-40-40, 40-20-40 and 50-00-50 which was higher clew sheet presented with an average of 50 %, the winter season were the highest percentage of ryegrass sheet presented to the association 00-50-50 to 32%. Regardless of the association in the spring season it was where greater height was obtained with an average of 37 cm and the lowest was in winter with an average of 15 cm. In conclusion the association; 40-20-40 was better in annual yield growth rate and lower height and the association was 00-50-50.En la zona central de México existen sistemas de producción animal que tienen como componente importante el uso de praderas puras y asociadas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar cuatro asociaciones, dos gramíneas y una leguminosa, sembradas en diferentes proporciones. Los tratamientos consistieron de las siguientes asociaciones: 20-40-40, 00-50-50, 40-20-40, y 50-00-50 % de ovillo (Ov), ballico perenne (Ba) y trébol blanco (Tr), respectivamente. Los tratamientos se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en 12 parcelas experimentales de 9 por 8 m, de acuerdo con un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con tres repeticiones. Se evaluó rendimiento de materia seca, tasa de crecimiento, composición botánica y morfológica y altura de la planta. En rendimiento anual las asociaciones que presentaron mayor rendimiento fueron; 40-20-40 y 20-40-40 con 20,182 y 19,146 kg MS ha-1, respectivamente y la menor, la asociación 00-50-50 con 15,896 kg MS ha-1. La asociación; 40-20-40 es la que mayor tasa de crecimiento anual presentó con 56 kg MS ha-1 d-1. Independientemente de la estación, en composición botánica y morfológica las asociaciones; 20-40-40, 40-20-40 y 50-00-50 fue la que mayor hoja de ovillo presentó con un promedio de 50%. La estación de invierno fueron las que mayor porcentaje de hoja de ballico presentó para la asociación 00-50-50 con 32%. Independientemente de la asociación, en la estación de primavera fue donde se obtuvo mayor altura con un promedio de 37 cm y la menor fue en invierno con un promedio de 15 cm. En conclusión, la asociación; 40-20-40 fue mejor en rendimiento anual, tasa de crecimiento y altura y la menor fue la asociación 00-50-50

Pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Postoperative outcome after surgical treatment in a Spanish multicenter study (PANMEKID)

Background: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) occasionally spreads to the pancreas. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the short and long-term results of a multicenter series in order to determine the effect of surgical treatment on the prognosis of these patients. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients undergoing surgery for RCC pancreatic metastases, from January 2010 to May 2020. Variables related to the primary tumor, demographics, clinical characteristics of metastasis, location in the pancreas, type of pancreatic resection performed and data on short and long-term evolution after pancreatic resection were collected. Results: The study included 116 patients. The mean time between nephrectomy and pancreatic metastases' resection was 87.35 months (ICR: 1.51-332.55). Distal pancreatectomy was the most performed technique employed (50 %). Postoperative morbidity was observed in 60.9 % of cases (Clavien-Dindo greater than IIIa in 14 %). The median follow-up time was 43 months (13-78). Overall survival (OS) rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 96 %, 88 %, and 83 %, respectively. The disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 1, 3, and 5 years was 73 %, 49 %, and 35 %, respectively. Significant prognostic factors of relapse were a disease free interval of less than 10 years (2.05 [1.13-3.72], p 0.02) and a history of previous extrapancreatic metastasis (2.44 [1.22-4.86], p 0.01). Conclusions: Pancreatic resection if metastatic RCC is found in the pancreas is warranted to achieve higher overall survival and disease-free survival, even if extrapancreatic metastases were previously removed. The existence of intrapancreatic multifocal compromise does not always warrant the performance of a total pancreatectomy in order to improve survival. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Repeated pancreatic resection for pancreatic metastases from renal cell Carcinoma: A Spanish multicenter study (PANMEKID)

Background and objectives: Recurrent isolated pancreatic metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) after pancreatic resection is rare. The purpose of our study is to describe a series of cases of relapse of pancreatic metastasis from renal cancer in the pancreatic remnant and its surgical treatment with a repeated pancreatic resection, and to analyse the results of both overall and disease -free survival. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients undergoing pancreatic resection for RCC pancreatic metastases, from January 2010 to May 2020. Patients were grouped into two groups depending on whether they received a single pancreatic resection (SPS) or iterative pancreatic resection. Data on short and long-term outcome after pancreatic resection were collected. Results: The study included 131 pancreatic resections performed in 116 patients. Thus, iterative pancreatic surgery (IPS) was performed in 15 patients. The mean length of time between the first pancreatic surgery and the second was 48.9 months (95 % CI: 22.2-56.9). There were no differences in the rate of postoperative complications. The DFS rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 86 %, 78 % and 78 % vs 75 %, 50 % and 37 % in the IPS and SPS group respectively (p = 0.179). OS rates at 1, 3, 5 and 7 years were 100 %, 100 %, 100 % and 75 % in the IPS group vs 95 %, 85 %, 80 % and 68 % in the SPS group (p = 0.895). Conclusion: Repeated pancreatic resection in case of relapse of pancreatic metastasis of RCC in the pancreatic remnant is justified, since it achieves OS results similar to those obtained after the first resection

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio