PERCEPTION OF MEDICINE ACADEMICS IN THE ACTIVE METHODOLOGY ON THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS IN SURGICAL PRACTICE AND THEIR APPLICATION IN HOSPITALITY: AN OBSERVATIONAL AND CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Introduction: During the medical internship, the last phase of the medical degree, the student is exposed to internships in the medical field of general surgery in health services, where he receives intensive training to start developing his skills and practical surgical notions, in this way, for the student to be introduced early to the surgical scenario, the use of biological parts during practical classes in medical education becomes a tool for the improvement of the teaching-learning process.Objective: To evaluate the perception of medical students in active methodology on the use of biological parts in the teaching of Surgical Skills and their contributions to the medical internship.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted online where 106 boarding students (ninth, tenth, and eleventh semesters) of the medical course of a college in the interior of São Paulo were interviewed through a questionnaire using the Google Forms™ tool.Results: 106 students were included in the study, 65 (61.3%) were female and the median age was 26 years. 30.5% intend to follow surgery as a medical specialty, and the majority (45.3%) consider the use of the surgery course and performance in the surgery internship very satisfactory. 89.6% and 92.5% stated that the use of biological parts improved skills for the internship and is important for practical classes, respectively. The most relevant procedures addressed in the Surgical Skills discipline were ATLS (79.2%), hemostasis (76%), and cricotomy (56.6%). Skills in the development of surgical procedures (51.9%), instrumentation skills (45.3%), and safety in carrying out activities were the main contributions of surgery classes to internship activities identified by medical students. And this important is the acquisition of anatomical knowledge acquired during classes (68.9%). Most participants (56.6%) identified cricotomy as the main activity enhanced by the use of biological parts. The main contents not covered in the surgical skills were: urological (26.4%) and vascular (21.7%) surgery procedures. There was no relationship between the achievement of the college's surgery course and the student's performance in the surgery internship (p=0.10).Conclusion: According to the perception of medical students in active methodology, the biological model for teaching medical skills has shown promise in  favoring students' understanding and helping them to perform the necessary surgical procedures  during their internship.Keywords: Internship; Surgical skills; Biological parts; Practice; Active method.RESUMOIntrodução: Durante o internato médico, última fase do curso de medicina, o aluno é exposto a estágios na área médica de cirurgia geral em serviços de saúde, onde recebe formação intensiva para começar a desenvolver as suas competências e noções práticas cirúrgicas, desta forma, para que o aluno seja introduzido precocemente no cenário cirúrgico, o uso de peças biológicas durante as aulas práticas na educação médica torna-se uma ferramenta para a melhoria do processo ensino-aprendizagem.Objetivo: Avaliar a percepção de estudantes de medicina em metodologia ativa sobre o uso de peças biológicas no ensino de Habilidades Cirúrgicas e suas contribuições para o internato médico.Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo online, onde foram entrevistados 106 alunos internos (nono, décimo e décimo primeiro semestre) do curso de medicina de uma faculdade do interior de São Paulo, por meio de questionário utilizando a ferramenta Google Forms™.Resultados: 106 alunos foram incluídos no estudo, 65 (61,3%) eram do sexo feminino e a idade mediana foi de 26 anos. 30,5% pretendem seguir a cirurgia como especialidade médica, e a maioria (45,3%) considera muito satisfatório o aproveitamento do curso de cirurgia e o desempenho no estágio de cirurgia. 89,6% e 92,5% afirmaram que o uso de peças biológicas melhorou as habilidades para o estágio e é importante para as aulas práticas, respectivamente. Os procedimentos mais relevantes abordados na disciplina Técnicas Cirúrgicas foram ATLS (79,2%), hemostasia (76%) e cricotomia (56,6%). Habilidades no desenvolvimento de procedimentos cirúrgicos (51,9%), habilidades de instrumentação (45,3%) e segurança na realização das atividades foram as principais contribuições das aulas de cirurgia para as atividades de estágio identificadas pelos estudantes de medicina. E este importante é a aquisição de conhecimentos anatômicos adquiridos durante as aulas (68,9%). A maioria dos participantes (56,6%) identificou a cricotomia como a principal atividade potencializada pelo uso de peças biológicas. Os principais conteúdos não contemplados nas habilidades cirúrgicas foram: procedimentos cirúrgicos urológicos (26,4%) e vasculares (21,7%). Não houve relação entre o aproveitamento do curso de cirurgia da faculdade e o desempenho do aluno no estágio de cirurgia (p=0,10).Conclusão: De acordo com a percepção dos estudantes de medicina na metodologia ativa, o modelo biológico para o ensino de habilidades médicas mostrou-se promissor em favorecer a compreensão dos estudantes e auxiliá-los na realização dos procedimentos cirúrgicos necessários durante o estágio.Palavras-chave: Estágio; Habilidades cirúrgicas; Partes biológicas; Prática; Método ativo.

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Measurement of the inclusive isolated-photon cross section in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV using 36 fb−1 of ATLAS data

The differential cross section for isolated-photon production in pp collisions is measured at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb. The differential cross section is presented as a function of the photon transverse energy in different regions of photon pseudorapidity. The differential cross section as a function of the absolute value of the photon pseudorapidity is also presented in different regions of photon transverse energy. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations from Jetphox and Sherpa as well as next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD calculations from Nnlojet are compared with the measurement, using several parameterisations of the proton parton distribution functions. The predictions provide a good description of the data within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Effect of thalidomide on the healing of colonic anastomosis, in rats Efeito da talidomida na cicatrização de anastomoses colônicas em ratos

PURPOSE: Thalidomide, because of its anti-inflammatory properties, as re-emerged as an option for the treatment of Crohn's disease refractory to standard therapy. We studied the effect of thalidomide on the healing of colonic anastomosis. METHODS: Sixty male rats (Rattus norvegicus), were divided into 3 groups of 20 animals each, respectively receiving 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg thalidomide by the oral route for 7 days, or saline solution (control). All animals were submitted to continuous end-to-end anastomosis with 6-0 Prolene sutures. After sacrifice the anastomoses were analyzed macroscopically and submitted to determination of hydroxyproline, to histology and to immunohistochemistry for metalloproteinase 1, metalloproteinase 1 inhibitor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). RESULTS: Statistical analysis of the data showed no significant difference in macroscopic aspect or hydroxyproline determination (p= 0.5403). In the immunohistochemical analysis, the following p values were obtained: p = 0.5817 for VEGF, p = 0.1854 for metalloproteinase 1, and p = 0.0023 for metalloproteinase 1 inhibitor, with this last value being considered statistically significant. CONCLUSION: We conclude that thalidomide influenced collagen maturation. There was a stronger action of metalloproteinases, possibly indicating a negative tendency for the healing process.<br>OBJETIVO: Sabe-se que agentes farmacológicos podem influenciar no processo de cicatrização. A talidomida, devido às suas propriedades antiinflamatórias, tem ressurgido como uma opção no tratamento da doença de Cröhn refratária à terapêutica convencional. Neste trabalho, estudamos o efeito da talidomida na cicatrização de anastomoses colônicas no rato. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 60 animais Rattus norvegius, com peso médio de 300g. Organizou-se 3 grupos de 20 animais, sendo um grupo controle (AC), um grupo (BD), com administração de talidomida 0,5 mg/kg por 7 dias e um grupo (AD) com administração de talidomida 1,0 mg/kg por 7 dias. Foi realizada anastomose término-terminal contínua de prolene 6-0. O sacrifício foi no 7º. dia pós operatório e as anastomoses foram analisadas quanto a aspecto macroscópico, dosagem de hidroxiprolina, histologia em hematoxilina-eosina e imuno-histoquímica para metaloproteinase 1, inibidor de metaloproteinase 1 e VEGF. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante para a observação macroscópica e para dosagem de hidroxiprolina (p=0,5403). Na análise imunohistoquímica, para VEGF houve p=0,5817, para metaloproteinase 1, p=0,1854 e para inibidor de metaloproteinase, p=0,0023, considerado estatisticamente significante. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que a talidomida influenciou na maturação do colágeno. Notou-se maior ação das metaloproteinases, que pode significar uma tendência negativa para o processo cicatricial

Search for direct top squark pair production in final states with two leptons in s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV pppp collisions with the ATLAS detector

International audienceThe results of a search for direct pair production of top squarks in events with two opposite-charge leptons (electrons or muons) are reported, using $36.1~\hbox {fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity from proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. To cover a range of mass differences between the top squark $\tilde{t}$ and lighter supersymmetric particles, four possible decay modes of the top squark are targeted with dedicated selections: the decay $\tilde{t} \rightarrow b \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{\pm }$ into a b-quark and the lightest chargino with $\tilde{\chi }_{1}^{\pm } \rightarrow W \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ , the decay $\tilde{t} \rightarrow t \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ into an on-shell top quark and the lightest neutralino, the three-body decay $\tilde{t} \rightarrow b W \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ and the four-body decay $\tilde{t} \rightarrow b \ell \nu \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ . No significant excess of events is observed above the Standard Model background for any selection, and limits on top squarks are set as a function of the $\tilde{t}$ and $\tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ masses. The results exclude at 95% confidence level $\tilde{t}$ masses up to about 720 GeV, extending the exclusion region of supersymmetric parameter space covered by previous searches

Measurements of ttˉt\bar{t} differential cross-sections of highly boosted top quarks decaying to all-hadronic final states in pppp collisions at s=13 \sqrt{s}=13\, TeV using the ATLAS detector

Measurements are made of differential cross-sections of highly boosted pair-produced top quarks as a function of top-quark and $t\bar{t}$ system kinematic observables using proton--proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $36.1$ fb$^{-1}$, recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Events with two large-radius jets in the final state, one with transverse momentum $p_{\rm T} > 500$ GeV and a second with $p_{\rm T}>350$ GeV, are used for the measurement. The top-quark candidates are separated from the multijet background using jet substructure information and association with a $b$-tagged jet. The measured spectra are corrected for detector effects to a particle-level fiducial phase space and a parton-level limited phase space, and are compared to several Monte Carlo simulations by means of calculated $\chi^2$ values. The cross-section for $t\bar{t}$ production in the fiducial phase-space region is $292 \pm 7 \ \rm{(stat)} \pm 76 \rm{(syst)}$ fb, to be compared to the theoretical prediction of $384 \pm 36$ fb