Papel do Cibercordel para Circulação da Informação em Mídias Sociais

Objetivo: Analisar o papel dos Cibercordéis para Circulação da Informação em Mídias Sociais. Metodologia: Adoção de uma Bricolagem Científica, onde imbricam em torno dela, a Análise de Redes em Mídias Sociais, os Marcadores Sociais e a Semântica Discursiva. Estas abordagens se dão no sentido de se compreender a complexidade do objeto e a forma como o fenômeno se manifesta nas Mídias Sociais, especialmente, porque se trata de registros informacionais voláteis, fluidos ou líquidos que flutuam no ciberespaço. Resultados: Verifica-se que a Circulação da Informação dos Cibercordéis se dão por meio de 8 (oito) Marcadores Sociais (Classe Social, Étnico-racial, Gênero, Geração, Regionalidade, Nacionalidade, Religião e Sexualidade), cujas práticas revelam um Brasil dicotômico, marcado por contradições e impactadas pela reprodução do senso comum que absorve um país marginal e de expressivo nível de carências: socioculturais, infoeducacionais e econômicas. Conclusões: A maneira como a informação circula no contexto dos Cibercordéis que estão nas Mídias Sociais é peculiar, fazendo perceber que, mesmo com a frieza inerente da pesquisa, encontra-se nesses Objetos Digitais, uma poética informacional rica de cultura e de marcas sociais que representa, o seu povo e as suas memórias coletivas. Assim, é de suma relevância, compreender e avançar em torno de um debate que provoque o respeito pelo espaço ao Lugar de Fala, pela luta contra-hegemônica e a reflexão em torno da Decolonialidade do Conhecimento, pois, para falar sobre a Literatura de Cordel é preciso se colocar na condição identitária de Favelado do Conhecimento, como expressou Gutiérrez (2006).This paper analyzes the role of Cybercordéis for information circulation in social media. By adopting a scientific bricolage perspective, wherein social media network analysis, social markers and discursive semantics overlap, we seek to understand this phenomenon in all its complexity and how it manifests in social media, especially due to the volatile and fluid characteristics of cyberinformation. Results show that cybercordéis circulate through eight social markets (class, ethnicity-race, gender, generation, regionality, nationality, religion and sexuality), whose practices reveal a Brazil marked by contradictions and impacted significant sociocultural, info-educational and economic needs. Information circulates in cybercordéis in a particular fashion, demonstrating that these digital objects contain an information poetics rich in cultural and social markers that represent its people and their collective memories. Thus, we must advance on the debate about respecting standpoints, expanding the anti-establishment struggle and reflecting on decolonial knowledge, for analyzing Cordel literature requires identifying oneself as a “favelado do conhecimento” (outcast of knowledge), as posited by Gutiérrez (2006)

Memória de poetas populares na internet: Uso da plataforma wordpress na preservação e acesso a artefatos poéticos da literatura de cordel brasileira │ Memory of popular poets on the internet: Use of the wordpress platform in the preservation and ...

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta como temática central a memória de poetas populares na internet, tendo como objetivo basilar preservar a memória da poesia popular, particularmente a memória da vida e obra de seus autores, por meio da adoção de recursos tecnológicos, neste caso do uso do WordPress com vistas a viabilizar a preservação e o acesso a artefatos poéticos da literatura de cordel. Metodologicamente, a investigação ocorreu em duas fases: a fase 1, de caráter estritamente documental e bibliográfico; e a fase 2, de natureza aplicada. Conclui-se que o uso de ferramentas online pode viabilizar a preservação e o acesso aos artefatos da memória coletiva da poesia popular e, de algum modo, fazer ecoar as vozes silenciadas por processos coercitivos ou não, considerando que o cordel possui uma linguagem crítica do social. Nesse sentido, espera-se contribuir para induzir, em outros contextos, novas experiências de preservação da memória da cultura popular, que é também cultura nacional. Palavras-chave: Memória Coletiva; Blogosfera; Cultura Popular; Poesia Popular; Artefato Poético. ABSTRACT The subject of this article is the memory of popular poets on the internet, with the aim of preserving the memory of popular poetry, particularly their life stories and their work, through the adoption of technological resources. In this case we focus on the use of WordPress in facilitating the preservation of and access to poetic artifacts of cordel literature. The investigation occurred in two phases: Phase 1, strictly documentary and bibliographic; and Phase 2, of an applied nature. It is concluded that the use of online tools can facilitate preservation and access to the artifacts of collective memory, in some way echoing the voices silenced - by coercive processes or not - considering that cordel literature is built on a social critique.  In this sense, this work should contribute to induce in other contexts new memory preservation experiences of popular culture, which is also national culture. Keywords: Collective Memory; Blogosphere; Popular culture; Popular Poetry; Poetic Artifact

FAP206 is a Microtubule-Docking Adapter for Ciliary Radial Spoke 2 and Dynein c

Radial spokes are conserved macromolecular complexes that are essential for ciliary motility. A triplet of three radial spokes, RS1, RS2, and RS3, repeats every 96 nm along the doublet microtubules. Each spoke has a distinct base that docks to the doublet and is linked to different inner dynein arms. Little is known about the assembly and functions of individual radial spokes. A knockout of the conserved ciliary protein FAP206 in the ciliate Tetrahymena resulted in slow cell motility. Cryo–electron tomography showed that in the absence of FAP206, the 96-nm repeats lacked RS2 and dynein c. Occasionally, RS2 assembled but lacked both the front prong of its microtubule base and dynein c, whose tail is attached to the front prong. Overexpressed GFP-FAP206 decorated nonciliary microtubules in vivo. Thus FAP206 is likely part of the front prong and docks RS2 and dynein c to the microtubule

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Criação da base de dados e mapeamento conceitual para elaboração do tesauro da Literatura de Cordel

93 This report describes the creation process of the Cordel Literature Database, whose leaflets were analyzed with the objective of identifying their themes and organizing their conceptual structure for the future elaboration of a thesaurus of the area. The leaflets available on the database are part of several collections and are authored by popular poets identified in previous research. Discursive Semantics (GREIMAS, 1976) was the method of linguistic and textual analysis used to identify the themes addressed in the cordel leaflets. The Thematic Classes for cordel leaflets, created by Albuquerque (2011), were the starting point of the analysis of the research corpus and they provided the opportunity to organize and demonstrate the semantic relationships between the themes and figures identified in the leaflets. As a result, 27 Thematic Classes were created, called Categories in this study, and each of these were broken down into Subcategories with their respective concepts, to assist in the thematic representation and facilitate the retrieval of the cordel leaflet. The study enabled the construction of a database in which 2,668 titles of cordel leaflets are organized, represented in a thematic way. The data collected and organized in this first phase will allow the elaboration of the ‘Thesaurus of Cordel Literature’, the next action to be carried out by the research.Este artigo descreve o processo de criação da Base de Dados Literatura de Cordel, cujos folhetos foram analisados com o objetivo de identificar seus temas e organizar sua estruturação conceitual para a futura elaboração de um tesauro da área. Os cordéis disponíveis na base de dados fazem parte de acervos diversos e são de autoria de poetas populares identificados em pesquisas realizadas anteriormente. A Semântica Discursiva (GREIMAS, 1976) foi o método de análise linguística e textual utilizado para identificar os temas abordados nos folhetos de cordel. As Classes Temáticas para cordéis, criadas por Albuquerque (2011), foram o ponto inicial da análise do corpus da pesquisa e oportunizaram a organização e a demonstração das relações semânticas existentes entre os temas e as figuras encontradas nos folhetos. Como resultado, foram criadas 27 Classes Temáticas, chamadas, neste estudo, de Categorias. Cada uma delas foi desdobrada em subcategorias, com os respectivos conceitos, para auxiliar a representação temática e facilitar a recuperação do folheto de cordel. O estudo viabilizou a construção de uma base de dados em que estão organizados 2.668 títulos de folhetos de cordel representados de modo temático. Com os dados coletados e organizados nessa primeira fase, será possível elaborar o ‘Tesauro da Literatura de Cordel’, próxima ação a ser realizada na pesquisa

Meta-analysis in more than 17,900 cases of ischemic stroke reveals a novel association at 12q24.12

Results: In an overall analysis of 17,970 cases of ischemic stroke and 70,764 controls, we identified a novel association on chromosome 12q24 (rs10744777, odds ratio [OR] 1.10 [1.07-1.13], p 5 7.12 3 10-11) with ischemic stroke. The association was with all ischemic stroke rather than an individual stroke subtype, with similar effect sizes seen in different stroke subtypes. There was no association with intracerebral hemorrhage (OR 1.03 [0.90-1.17], p 5 0.695).Conclusion: Our results show, for the first time, a genetic risk locus associated with ischemic stroke as a whole, rather than in a subtype-specific manner. This finding was not associated with intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods: Using the Immunochip, we genotyped 3,420 ischemic stroke cases and 6,821 controls. After imputation we meta-analyzed the results with imputed GWAS data from 3,548 case

Genome-Wide Association of Body Fat Distribution in African Ancestry Populations Suggests New Loci

Central obesity, measured by waist circumference (WC) or waist-hip ratio (WHR), is a marker of body fat distribution. Although obesity disproportionately affects minority populations, few studies have conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) of fat distribution among those of predominantly African ancestry (AA). We performed GWAS of WC and WHR, adjusted and unadjusted for BMI, in up to 33,591 and 27,350 AA individuals, respectively. We identified loci associated with fat distribution in AA individuals using meta-analyses of GWA results for WC and WHR (stage 1). Overall, 25 SNPs with single genomic control (GC)-corrected p-values<5.0×10−6 were followed-up (stage 2) in AA with WC and with WHR. Additionally, we interrogated genomic regions of previously identified European ancestry (EA) WHR loci among AA. In joint analysis of association results including both Stage 1 and 2 cohorts, 2 SNPs demonstrated association, rs2075064 at LHX2, p = 2.24×10−8 for WC-adjusted-for-BMI, and rs6931262 at RREB1, p = 2.48×10−8 for WHR-adjusted-for-BMI. However, neither signal was genome-wide significant after double GC-correction (LHX2: p = 6.5×10−8; RREB1: p = 5.7×10−8). Six of fourteen previously reported loci for waist in EA populations were significant (p<0.05 divided by the number of independent SNPs within the region) in AA studied here (TBX15-WARS2, GRB14, ADAMTS9, LY86, RSPO3, ITPR2-SSPN). Further, we observed associations with metabolic traits: rs13389219 at GRB14 associated with HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting insulin, and rs13060013 at ADAMTS9 with HDL-cholesterol and fasting insulin. Finally, we observed nominal evidence for sexual dimorphism, with stronger results in AA women at the GRB14 locus (p for interaction = 0.02). In conclusion, we identified two suggestive loci associated with fat distribution in AA populations in addition to confirming 6 loci previously identified in populations of EA. These findings reinforce the concept that there are fat distribution loci that are independent of generalized adiposity

Trans-ethnic Meta-analysis and Functional Annotation Illuminates the Genetic Architecture of Fasting Glucose and Insulin

Knowledge of the genetic basis of the type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related quantitative traits fasting glucose (FG) and insulin (FI) in African ancestry (AA) individuals has been limited. In non-diabetic subjects of AA (n = 20,209) and European ancestry (EA; n = 57,292), we performed trans-ethnic (AA+EA) fine-mapping of 54 established EA FG or FI loci with detailed functional annotation, assessed their relevance in AA individuals, and sought previously undescribed loci through trans-ethnic (AA+EA) meta-analysis. We narrowed credible sets of variants driving association signals for 22/54 EA-associated loci; 18/22 credible sets overlapped with active islet-specific enhancers or transcription factor (TF) binding sites, and 21/22 contained at least one TF motif. Of the 54 EA-associated loci, 23 were shared between EA and AA. Replication with an additional 10,096 AA individuals identified two previously undescribed FI loci, chrX FAM133A (rs213676) and chr5 PELO (rs6450057). Trans-ethnic analyses with regulatory annotation illuminate the genetic architecture of glycemic traits and suggest gene regulation as a target to advance precision medicine for T2D. Our approach to utilize state-of-the-art functional annotation and implement trans-ethnic association analysis for discovery and fine-mapping offers a framework for further follow-up and characterization of GWAS signals of complex trait loc

Climate Change, Coral Reef Ecosystems, and Management Options for Marine Protected Areas

Marine protected areas (MPAs) provide place-based management of marine ecosystems through various degrees and types of protective actions. Habitats such as coral reefs are especially susceptible to degradation resulting from climate change, as evidenced by mass bleaching events over the past two decades. Marine ecosystems are being altered by direct effects of climate change including ocean warming, ocean acidification, rising sea level, changing circulation patterns, increasing severity of storms, and changing freshwater influxes. As impacts of climate change strengthen they may exacerbate effects of existing stressors and require new or modified management approaches; MPA networks are generally accepted as an improvement over individual MPAs to address multiple threats to the marine environment. While MPA networks are considered a potentially effective management approach for conserving marine biodiversity, they should be established in conjunction with other management strategies, such as fisheries regulations and reductions of nutrients and other forms of land-based pollution. Information about interactions between climate change and more “traditional” stressors is limited. MPA managers are faced with high levels of uncertainty about likely outcomes of management actions because climate change impacts have strong interactions with existing stressors, such as land-based sources of pollution, overfishing and destructive fishing practices, invasive species, and diseases. Management options include ameliorating existing stressors, protecting potentially resilient areas, developing networks of MPAs, and integrating climate change into MPA planning, management, and evaluation

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication