Design of High Speed Comparator

A new CMOS dynamic comparator using dual input single output differential amplifier as latch stage suitable for high speed analog - to - digital converters with High Spee d, low power dissipation and immune to. Back - to - back inverter in the latch stage is replaced with dual - input single output differential amplifier. This topology completely removes the noise that is present in the input. The stru cture shows lower power dissipation and higher speed than the conventional comparators. The circuit is simulated with 1V DC supply voltage and 250 MHz clock frequency. The proposed topology is based on two cross coupled differential pairs positive feedback and switchable current source ces, has a lower power dissipation, higher speed, less area, and it is shown to be very robust against transistor mismatch, n oise immunity

ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF XANTHENE FOOD DYE ERYTHROSINE AT GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODE AND ITS ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS

Erythrosine is a xanthene food dye used in the food industries to enhance the appearance of the food. The electrochemical behavior of erythrosine at glassy carbon electrode was investigated by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. The oxidation peak of erythrosine was observed in phosphate buffer of pH 5.0. The influence of different pH, scan rate and concentration were evaluated. The probable reaction mechanism involved in the oxidation of erythrosine was also proposed. Differential pulse voltammetric method with good precision and accuracy was developed for the determination of erythrosine dye in real samples. The peak currents were found to be linearly dependent on the concentration range of 1 x 10-5 to 6 x 10-4 M. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were noticed to be 1.9 x 10-7 and 6.6 x 10-7 M respectively

ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION AND DETERMINATION OF AN ANTI-CANCER DRUG PEMETREXED DISODIUM

Abstract-The electrochemical oxidation of an anti-cancer drug Pemetrexed disodium has been investigated at glassy carbon electrode using voltammetric techniques. The dependence of current on potential, pH, concentrartion, scan rate, and excipients were investigated to optimize the experimental conditions. According to the liner relation between peak potential, peak current, scan rate and Pemetrexed disodium concentration, differential pulse voltammetric method for the quantitative determination in phosphate Buffer solution was developed. The linear response was obtained in the range of 10 µM to 0.75 µM with a detection limit of 0.19 µM. The electrochemical oxidation of mechanism of an anti-cancer drug Pemetrexed disodium was proposed. Keywords- Pemetrexed disodium, Cyclic Voltammetry, Electochemical Studies, Glassy carbon electrod

A study of assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotic stewardship among healthcare providers in a tertiary care hospital of Sangli

Background: Antimicrobials are routinely used for variety of clinical conditions but are also misused leading to drug resistance bacteria in clinical practice. Consultants can gain the knowledge about it and can also have the depth of problem faced, their prescribing behavior mainly depends on their attitude and understanding of condition. Our aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and beliefs about antibiotics prescribing among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital of Sangli. Methods: Our present study was conducted in the Bharati hospital, BV (DU) medical college and hospital, Sangli. Ethical clearance from the institutional ethics committee was obtained and it was, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study carried out in the form of a survey in which a pretested, semi-structured, validated questionnaire was provided to junior residents, senior residents and faculty of different specialties and responses were recorded. Questionnaire comprises of 9 in knowledge, 10 in attitude and 10 in practice section. Results: Out of all participants 84.5% believed that no need of antibiotics for running and blocked nose. Majority 89.6% were expressed that sample culture should be sent before starting antibiotics. 90.4% participants believed that education of patients will help. Only 76.8% strictly adhere to the antibiotic policy of our hospital. Conclusions: The present study on antibiotic usage gives useful information about the knowledge, attitudes and practices of prescribers and help plan suitable educational modifications that aim at improving the antimicrobial prescribing and minimizing the development of drug resistance in our developing country

Maize : potential crop for provitamin A biofortification

Cereals are the only source of nutrition for one-third of the world’s population especially in developing and underdeveloped nations of Sub-Saharan Africa and South-east Asia. Among the cereals, only the yellow maize exhibits tremendous natural variation for provitamin A carotenoids to exploit through plant breeding and being a carotenogenic plant, it is considered as one of the model cereal crops, showing promise for provitamin A biofortification. This paper deals with the maize carotenid biosynthetic pathway, genetic variability for kernel carotenoids, native genetic system for kernel carotenoids, marker assisted backcross breeding for enhancing provitamin A, recent advances in provitamin A biofortification and quantification of provitamin A carotenoids

New leadership model for family physicians in the Eastern Mediterranean region: a pilot study across selected countries

Background: Family Medicine is growing rapidly across the Eastern Mediterranean Region. However, it needs support in terms of overall health system development. This will require strong leadership in family medicine to implement the change required to improve current conditions. Objective: To collect data that will support the development of a leadership program for the future family physicians in the region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2016 to September 2016 in eight countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, (Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia). These countries were selected to obtain perceptions of Family Physicians (FPs) regarding the current leadership model and to explore the need for a new future innovative model in Family Medicine (FM) across the region. Results: The information of 68 family physicians was included in the final analysis. The majority of the FPs was females as compared to males (71% vs. 29%). Forty-four percent of the FPs had 10 to 19 years of experience. Almost all of the FPs (96%) had completed some training in family medicine after graduation. About three fifths of the FPs had completed postgraduate qualifications and out of those, 64% had passed Board or Membership Examinations. Twenty-one percent of them are currently in a leadership role and 45% who were not in any leadership role responded that the current situation of FM in their country is poor. All of the leaders believed that it is important to develop strong leadership in FM to take the specialty forward. Almost similar proportions (67% and 64%) of leaders and non-leaders thought that establishing regional associations would enhance the FM practice model. Approximately two thirds of leaders (67%) responded that the current role of decision makers in the Ministry of Health (MOH) regarding capacity building in FM is not effective. The majority of the FPs (54% and 38%) considers that the existing postgraduate curriculum does not address leadership skill development in FM. Eighty-eight percent of the FPs both from leadership and non-leadership groups agreed that academic institutions and practicing FPs can play an effective leadership role in taking FM forward. Conclusion: The Family Medicine specialty will have to develop leadership capabilities in line with today’s fast-moving changes in healthcare for it to obtain the due recognition in the healthcare delivery system

Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.Peer reviewe

Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome

Abstract Motivation: The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field-based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade-offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system model parameters. Main types of variable contained: The database contains 91,970 measurements of 18 plant traits. The most frequently measured traits (> 1,000 observations each) include plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh and dry mass, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content, leaf C:N and N:P, seed mass, and stem specific density. Spatial location and grain: Measurements were collected in tundra habitats in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Arctic sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia and Siberia, alpine sites in the European Alps, Colorado Rockies, Caucasus, Ural Mountains, Pyrenees, Australian Alps, and Central Otago Mountains (New Zealand), and sub-Antarctic Marion Island. More than 99% of observations are georeferenced. Time period and grain: All data were collected between 1964 and 2018. A small number of sites have repeated trait measurements at two or more time periods. Major taxa and level of measurement: Trait measurements were made on 978 terrestrial vascular plant species growing in tundra habitats. Most observations are on individuals (86%), while the remainder represent plot or site means or maximums per species. Software format: csv file and GitHub repository with data cleaning scripts in R; contribution to TRY plant trait database (www.try-db.org) to be included in the next version release

Toward understanding the catalytic synergy in the design of bimetallic molecular sieves for selective aerobic oxidations

Structure–property correlations and mechanistic implications are important in the design of single-site catalysts for the activation of molecular oxygen. In this study we rationalize trends in catalytic synergy to elucidate the nature of the active site through structural and spectroscopic correlations. In particular, the redox behavior and coordination geometry in isomorphously substituted, bimetallic VTiAlPO-5 catalysts are investigated with a view to specifically engineering and enhancing their reactivity and selectivity in aerobic oxidations. By using a combination of HYSCORE EPR and in situ FTIR studies, we show that the well-defined and isolated oxophilic tetrahedral titanium centers coupled with redox-active VO2+ ions at proximal framework positions provide the loci for the activation of oxidant that leads to a concomitant increase in catalytic activity compared to analogous monometallic systems