Nitrogen scheduling in maize in relation to tillage interventions and planting methods in Indian Punjab

Climate change and faster depletion of natural resources highlighted the importance of conservation agriculture. To study the effect of different tillage interventions and planting methods on productivity, soil properties and profitability of maize and to optimize the time of nitrogen application in maize under different tillage and planting methods, a field experiment was conducted during kharif 2017 and 2018 in split plot design with four combinations of tillage systems and planting methods [conventional tillage + flat sowing (T1), conventional tillage + bed sowing (T2), zero tillage + flat sowing (T3), zero tillage + bed sowing (T4)] in main plots and four schedules of nitrogen application including recommended (1/3 N as basal, 1/3 N at knee high stage and 1/3 N at flowering stage) (N1), 1/2 N as basal and 1/2 N at knee high stage (N2), 1/2 N as basal, 1/4 N at knee high stage and 1/4 N at waist high stage (N3) and 1/3 N as basal, 1/3 N at knee high stage and 1/3 N at waist high stage (N4) in sub-plots with three replications. Similar grain yield was obtained with different tillage and planting methods as well as with different time of N application treatments. The bed sowing helped in achieving 33.4% higher water productivity over flat sowing. The net returns were higher by Rs 5382 ha-1 under zero-till flat sowing than conventional-till flat sowing. So, advanced time of N application along with permanent bed planting can be adopted profitably for improved productivity

Volume Equations for Abies borisii-regis Mattf. and Fagus sylvatica L. in central Greece

In the mixed stands of Fagus sylvatica - Abies borisii-regis in Aspropotamos (central Greece), 90 firtrees and 87 beech trees were randomly selected. Breast height diameter, total tree height and formfactor were measured to the sampled trees, while 14 single-entry and 18 double-entry volumemodels were fitted to data. No double-entry model is selected for either species. The selected singleentrymodels for the estimation of the A. borisii-regis and F. sylvatica volume fit very well (R2>0.8),while the comparison of the two volume estimation curves reveals that fir has a larger volume thanbeech, when their diameter is the same. Fir has a mean form factor of 0.331, while beech has a meanform factor of 0.315. The observed form factor differences and different patterns in form factorsbetween the two species can be the result of the differences in their growth (form and ecology)

The effect of salinity on evapotranspiration, some growth parameters and ion uptake of sweet sorghum

This study aimed to determine the effect of different irrigation water salinity levels on two different sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) variety (Erdurmuş and Uzun) growth, evapotranspiration, some growth parameters, and ion uptake in leaves and roots. Six different saline irrigation water levels (S0=0.5 (control), S1= 1.0, S2: 2.0, S4=4.0, S8= 8.0, and S16=16.0 ds m-1) were obtained by mixing the NaCl and CaCl2 salt species into the tap water source. Plants were harvested before the phase of florescence. Increasing salinity level first increased and then decreased all growth parameters (Stem length, root length, fresh stem weight, fresh root weight, dry stem weight, and dry root weight). The increased salinity level after S2 treatment resulted in decreased water use efficiency. The salinity level affected the uptake of all ions in the root (except the Kion) and leaf, and as the salinity level increased, the amount of N, P, Mn, Znand Na in the leaf increased significantly, while the amount of K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Cu decreased

Mapping of QTL Conferring Resistance to Turcicum Leaf Blight using Microsatellites in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Turcicum Leaf Blight (TLB), caused by Exserohilum turcicum is a foliar disease of maize. This study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for TLB resistance in maize. A mapping population constituting 185 F2:3 populations was developed by crossing two inbred lines viz., CM 212 (susceptible) and V 336 (resistant), and was evaluated in two environments to generate phenotypic data for QTL mapping. A polymorphic survey of 183 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers between the two parents helped in identification of 101 polymorphic markers. Data on four disease severity traits viz., Percent Disease Index (PDI), Area Under Disease Progress Curve based on PDI (AUDPC-PDI), Lesion Area (LA), and Area Under Disease Progress Curve based on LA (AUDPC-LA) were generated for QTL mapping. Eight QTL intervals for resistance to TLB were located on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9. Out of the eight QTL; one QTL was reported for LA on chromosome 4 flanking phi019 and bnlg2162 markers at the low disease-pressure environment (E1), six QTL at high disease-pressure environment (E2) and one QTL across pooled environments. Out of the six QTL identified at high disease-pressure environment, one QTL for AUDPC-PDI was identified on chromosome 9 flanked by markers phi065 and phi016 while the remaining five QTL for LA were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, 5 and 7. One QTL for PDI was identified across environments analysis on chromosome 3 flanked by markers mmc0071 and bnlg1160. For these QTL, the LOD values ranged from 2.70 to 14.84 and corresponding R2 (% variation explained) ranged from 12.96 to 18.98 % in the individual environments. All QTL showed overdominance gene action except QTL 4 (dominance) at their respective chromosome

Development and morphological characterization of purple sweet corn lines

Tatlı deneyimler, türlerine göre daha büyük bir hayalden faydalanmaktır. Taze, sanayi ve konserve marketlerde kullanılır. Çocuklara, renksiz olan bir renkliden daha yüksek bir şeye sahip olma hayaline sahip olmak. Mor olmaktan kurtulmuş bir şekilde değerlendirilebilir olması takdir edilmektedir. Ancak Türkiye'de talepli çeşitler ve bu ihtiyaçları karşılamaya yönelik ve iyileştirme programları bulunmamaktadır. Bu amacı, (i) yeni mor tatlı kendi içinde yetiştirilmiş hatlar geliştirmek, (ii) morf karakterizasyon ile iyileşmek ve (iii) mor tatlı muayene için kabul edilebilirliğinitir. Bu araştırma, 2017-2021 Türkiye'de Antalya'da yapılmıştır.Standart tatlılardır ve öğleden sonra alınan mor mumlu tatlılardan ve mor renk olarak kullanılır. Mor tatlılar sevgilerimle yapmak için soyağacı işlemi. Çizgiler morfolojik incelemeye göre kullanılmış ve analizde toplam kümeye ayrılmıştır. Mor tatlı Türkiye'de sadece tarlada değil, serada da yetiştirilebilir. Bu çalışma, mor tatlıların çok fazla antosiyanın, antioksidan fenolike sahip olduğudur. Panel testi fiyatlarına göre, yeni bir işlevsel gıda görünümü olarak ve satın alma seçenekleri için mor tatlı seçilebilecekleri görülüyor. Bu, Türkiye'de morolojik grafikler.Mor tatlılar sevgilerimle yapmak için soyağacı işlemi. Çizgiler morfolojik incelemeye göre kullanılmış ve analizde toplam kümeye ayrılmıştır. Mor tatlı Türkiye'de sadece tarlada değil, serada da yetiştirilebilir. Bu çalışma, mor tatlıların çok fazla antosiyanın, antioksidan fenolike sahip olduğudur. Panel testi fiyatlarına göre, yeni bir işlevsel gıda görünümü olarak ve satın alma seçenekleri için mor tatlı seçilebilecekleri görülüyor. Bu, Türkiye'de morolojik grafikler. Mor tatlılar sevgilerimle yapmak için soyağacı işlemi.Çizgiler morfolojik özelliklerine göre karakterize edilmiş ve analizde toplam yedi kümeye ayrılmıştır. Mor tatlı mısır Türkiye'de sadece tarlada değil, serada da yetiştirilebilir. Bu çalışma, mor tatlı mısırların çok fazla antosiyanin, antioksidan fenolik bileşiklere sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Panel test sonuçlarına göre, tüketicilerin yeni bir fonksiyonel gıda olarak görünüm ve satın alma talepleri için mor tatlı mısırı seçebilecekleri görülüyor. Bu, Türkiye'de mor tatlı mısır hatlarının gelişimi ve morfolojik karakterizasyonu hakkında ilk rapordur. Mor tatlı mısır Türkiye'de sadece tarlada değil, serada da yetiştirilebilir. Bu çalışma, mor tatlı mısırların çok fazla antosiyanin, antioksidan fenolik bileşiklere sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Panel test sonuçlarına göre, tüketicilerin yeni bir fonksiyonel gıda olarak görünüm ve satın alma talepleri için mor tatlı mısırı seçebilecekleri görülüyor. Bu, Türkiye'de mor tatlı mısır hatlarının gelişimi ve morfolojik karakterizasyonu hakkında ilk rapordur. Mor tatlı mısır Türkiye'de sadece tarlada değil, serada da yetiştirilebilir. Bu çalışma, mor tatlı mısırların çok fazla antosiyanin, antioksidan fenolik bileşiklere sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Panel test sonuçlarına göre, tüketicilerin yeni bir fonksiyonel gıda olarak görünüm ve satın alma talepleri için mor tatlı mısırı seçebilecekleri görülüyor. Bu, Türkiye'de mor tatlı mısır hatlarının gelişimi ve morfolojik karakterizasyonu hakkında ilk rapordur

Repeated mapped tree inventory in an oak-hornbeam planted forest in Po Valley (Foresta Carpaneta, Italy)

Stand structure and tree spatial patterns are key elements to understand natural dynamics and competition processes in forest ecosystems. We performed repeated, mapped tree inventory measures (x, y, height, diameter, vitality, etc.) to allow analysis of the spatial and temporal structure and diversity in 1 ha oak-hornbeam planted forest with pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), established in 2003 also for the conservation of a variety of oak genotypes. Two inventories were carried out in 2009 and 2019. The use of repeated and mapped tree measures allows to investigate the changes in spatial pattern processes through time in this forest

Dominant height growth modeling of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) in Beni Imloul forest, northern Algeria

To predict the quality site-index for stands of the Aleppo pine forest of Beni Imloul (Algeria), six algebraic and generalized algebraic difference equations (ADA/GADA) derived from the three base functions of Hossfeld, Bertalanffy-Richards and Lundqvist-Korf were adjusted and compared using cross-sections collected from 51 cut trees based on the stem-analysis method. The Lundqvist-Korf model with the GADA formulation produced a high level of performance and was selected and applied for the site quality identification of 167 temporary sample plots. This parameter, ranging between 9.13 and 17.77 m with an average of 13.99 m, allowed identifying four quality classes with a 2 m step between each class. The efficiency of the selected model, as productivity estimation-key, was verified by confronting the observed and estimated volumes. This key was justified for 77% of the sampled plots, which maintained the same productivity ranking or slightly shift towards one close class, both in terms of volume and dominant height. Not justified for extreme densities, the developed growth model can cautiously be used as a forest management tool in stands with optimal densities

A Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (=viridis) (Schwerin) Franco stand description dataset: a case study of Pavari's experimental Plot 412 ninety years after plantation

This paper describes a dataset containing the historical series of dendrometric data from a Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (=viridis) (Schwerin) Franco plantation. Implemented in 1932, the plantation is located in “Rio di Mercurella” place, in the Tyrrhenian coastal mountain range of Calabria region (Southern Italy). The experimental plot has been identified as Plot 412 and is characterized by trees with a relevant role for forest community biodiversity. The monitoring started in 1940.  The dataset reported five of all the inventories Until 2013, inventories have been carried out by Istituto Sperimentale di Selvicoltura and Unità di Ricerca per la Selvicoltura in Ambiente Mediterraneo, now CREA Forestry and Wood research centre which has taken over the last two. The following data have been collected: position, number, diameter at breast heigh (DBH) of all the trees and total height (Ht) of a trees sample. Collected data are an important historical source and testimony the first experimental test of Pseudotsuga menziesii introduction which will have to be monitored in the future and will constitute a fundamental contribution to enrich the knowledge on appropriate management in Calabria and evaluate the health state and stability of the forest stand in the future

Ten-years dataset of poplar inventory in northern Italy

The data refer to several poplar plantations located in the plains of northern Italy. The information was collected during the vegetative rest of each year from 1987 to 1996. Dendrometric data were recorded, such as the diameter at breast height, the diameter at five meters height and the planting density, as well as damage caused by biotic and abiotic adversities using a three-level intensity scale. All data is raw, with only total volume and the volume of the first log (up to 5 meters height) calculated using dendrometric equations based on tree diameter and height. The availability of a continuous inventory with annual measurements for 10 years on the same trees in the permanent sample plots has allowed the creation of a particularly important database for the study of growth models and the influence of biotic and abiotic adversities on wood production. This dataset could be used to perform further investigations, such as CO2 sequestration, to assess the environmental sustainability of the poplar plantations. Furthermore, thanks to this database, it is possible to identify which areas of the northern Italian plains are more suitable for poplar cultivation based on wood biomass production, or to evaluate the impact of pests and diseases with respect to clone and land characteristics

Differential intensity of rehabilitation silviculture in mismanaged high-graded forest

There are an estimated two billion hectares of degraded forest worldwide. A high-graded forest is one from which the highest-quality individuals of commercial tree species have been selectively harvested. Successive high-grading results in degradation. Without proper management, these forests are unlikely to recover in the short term and will be unable to fulfil their potential capacity to provide goods and services to society. Human-led rehabilitation is required to restart essential processes such as regeneration. This concept note provides criteria for determining levels of degradation in high-graded old forests, citing implications for rehabilitation silviculture and proposing general strategies for their recovery