290 research outputs found
Evaluation of inorganic arsenic species in drinking water of the southeastern of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina
Arsenic in natural water is a worldwide concern due to chronic health effects in people exposed through the drinking water. The aim was to evaluate the distribution of As(III) and As(V), through ASV, in an Argentine area with low or absent information about these contaminant. The species of inorganic arsenic were quantified in groundwater, surface and drinking water, by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) using a gold disc electrode. Total As was analyzed after the reduction step, calculated As(V) by difference. In some sites, total As values exceed the maximum limit for human consumption (10 Âľg/l), but the As(III)/As(V) ratio was significantly low. The lowest levels of total As were found in those sites related to possible anthropogenic activities, indicating that the content of it in the studied water is coming from natural environment. This study constitutes the first report of inorganic As speciation for the southeastern of Buenos Aires province.Fil: Robles, A. D. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas. ToxicologĂa Ambiental; Argentina.Fil: Robles, A. D. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂŠcnicas; Argentina.Fil: Cohen, M. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas. ToxicologĂa Ambiental; Argentina.Fil: Romero, M. B. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas. ToxicologĂa Ambiental; Argentina.Fil: Romero, M. B. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂŠcnicas; Argentina.Fil: Garay, F. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de Ciencias QuĂmicas. Departamento de FĂsico QuĂmica; Argentina.Fil: Garay, F. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂŠcnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en BioquĂmica de CĂłrdoba; Argentina.Fil: Gerpe, M. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas. ToxicologĂa Ambiental; Argentina.Fil: Gerpe, M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂŠcnicas; Argentina.QuĂmica AnalĂtic
Factores de riesgo asociados con bacteriemia nosocomial en reciĂŠn nacidos de bajo peso al nacimiento. Hospital Grady Memorial, Atlanta
ResumenIntroducciĂłnLa bacteriemia nosocomial es una causa frecuente de infecciĂłn nosocomial en los reciĂŠn nacidos admitidos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales y estĂĄ asociada con factores de riesgo, reconocidos y no reconocidos, de infecciĂłn nosocomial. AĂşn existen pocas evidencias sobre los factores de riesgo de bacteriemia nosocomial en reciĂŠn nacidos de bajo peso al nacimiento.ObjetivosInvestigar factores de riesgo de bacteriemia nosocomial en neonatos con un peso inferior a 1.500 g ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal.MĂŠtodosSe realizĂł un estudio prospectivo en reciĂŠn nacidos de bajo peso al nacimiento (⤠1.500 g) durante 22 meses. Para determinar la asociaciĂłn estadĂstica entre la bacteriemia nosocomial y los factores de riesgo perinatales y nosocomiales, se llevĂł a cabo un anĂĄlisis bivariante de regresiĂłn logĂstica (mĂŠtodo de regresiĂłn por pasos).ResultadosSe estudiĂł a un total de 72 pacientes con bacteriemia nosocomial y 174 sin ella. La permanencia del catĂŠter umbilical un tiempo mayor o igual a 7 dĂas y la permanencia del catĂŠter perifĂŠrico arterial durante un dĂa o mĂĄs resultaron ser los factores independientemente asociados con bacteriemia nosocomial.ConclusiĂłnEl mantenimiento del catĂŠter umbilical mĂĄs de 7 dĂas, la permanencia del catĂŠter perifĂŠrico arterial mĂĄs de 1 dĂa y el peso al nacimiento inferior a 1.500 g fueron factores determinantes de bacteriemia nosocomial. Por la importancia de estas tĂŠcnicas invasivas como fuente de bacteriemia nosocomial, es preciso revisar su tiempo de permanencia con el objetivo de disminuir la incidencia de bacteriemia nosocomial.AbstractBackgroundNosocomial bloodstream infections occur frequently in Neonatal Intensive Care Units and are associated with recognized and unrecognized risk factors. Little has been published regarding risk factors for bloodstream infections in low birth weight neonates.ObjectiveTo investigate risk factors for bloodstream infection in neonates < 1,500 g admitted at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.MethodsA prospective study was undertaken in low birth weight neonates (< 1,500g) during a 22 months period. Bivariant, and logistic regresion (stepwise procedure) analysis was used to determine the significance association of bloodstream infection and perinatal and nosocomial risk factors.ResultsA total of 72 patiens with nosocomial bacteriemia and 147 non bacteriemic patients were studied. Independent risk factors associated with bloodstream infection were birth weight, persistence of umbilical catheter > 7 days and persistence of peripheral arterial catheter > 1 day.ConclusionsThe uses of umbilical catheter > 7 days, peripheral arterial catheter > 1 day and birth weight < 1,500 g were significant determinants of nosocomial bloodstream infection risk. Because of the importance of invasive procedures as a source of nosocomial bloodstream infections, the lines duration needs to be reviewed with the aim of reducing the incidence of blood stream infection
Twist, tilt, and orientational order at the nematic to twist-bend nematic phase transition of 1Âż, 9Âż-bis(4-cyanobiphenyl-4'-yl) nonane: A dielectric, H 2 NMR, and calorimetric study
The nature of the nematic-nematic phase transition in the liquid crystal dimer 1Âż, 9Âż-bis(4-cyanobiphenyl-4'-yl) nonane (CB9CB) has been investigated using techniques of calorimetry, dynamic dielectric response measurements, and H2 NMR spectroscopy. The experimental results for CB9CB show that, like the shorter homologue CB7CB, the studied material exhibits a normal nematic phase, which on cooling undergoes a transition to the twist-bend nematic phase (NTB), a uniaxial nematic phase, promoted by the average bent molecular shape, in which the director tilts and precesses describing a conical helix. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry has been used to analyze the nature of the NTB-N phase transition, which is found to be weakly first order, but close to tricritical. Additionally broadband dielectric spectroscopy and H2 magnetic resonance studies have revealed information on the structural characteristics of the recently discovered twist-bend nematic phase. Analysis of the dynamic dielectric response in both nematic phases has provided an estimate of the conical angle of the heliconical structure for the NTB phase. Capacitance measurements of the electric-field realignment of the director in initially planar aligned cells have yielded values for the splay and bend elastic constants in the high temperature nematic phase. The bend elastic constant is small and decreases with decreasing temperature as the twist-bend phase is approached. This behavior is expected theoretically and has been observed in materials that form the twist-bend nematic phase. H2 NMR measurements characterize the chiral helical twist identified in the twist-bend nematic phase and also allow the determination of the temperature dependence of the conical angle and the orientational order parameter with respect to the director
Heterotic-type IIA duality with fluxes
In this paper we study a possible non-perturbative dual of the heterotic
string compactified on K3 x T^2 in the presence of background fluxes. We show
that type IIA string theory compactified on manifolds with SU(3) structure can
account for a subset of the possible heterotic fluxes. This extends our
previous analysis to a case of a non-perturbative duality with fluxes.Comment: 26 pages, minor corrections; version to appear in JHE
D-instantons and twistors
Finding the exact, quantum corrected metric on the hypermultiplet moduli
space in Type II string compactifications on Calabi-Yau threefolds is an
outstanding open problem. We address this issue by relating the
quaternionic-Kahler metric on the hypermultiplet moduli space to the complex
contact geometry on its twistor space. In this framework, Euclidean D-brane
instantons are captured by contact transformations between different patches.
We derive those by recasting the previously known A-type D2-instanton
corrections in the language of contact geometry, covariantizing the result
under electro-magnetic duality, and using mirror symmetry. As a result, we are
able to express the effects of all D-instantons in Type II compactifications
concisely as a sum of dilogarithm functions. We conclude with some comments on
the relation to microscopic degeneracies of four-dimensional BPS black holes
and to the wall-crossing formula of Kontsevich and Soibelman, and on the form
of the yet unknown NS5-brane instanton contributions.Comment: 47 pages, 1 figure, uses JHEP3.cl
High accuracy 234U(n,f) cross section in the resonance energy region
New results are presented of the 234U neutron-induced fission cross section, obtained with high accuracy in the resonance region by means of two methods using the 235U(n,f) as reference. The recent evaluation of the 235U(n,f) obtained with SAMMY by L. C. Leal et al. (these Proceedings), based on previous n-TOF data [1], has been used to calculate the 234U(n,f) cross section through the 234U/235U ratio, being here compared with the results obtained by using the n-TOF neutron flux
Characterization of the n-TOF EAR-2 neutron beam
The experimental area 2 (EAR-2) at CERNs neutron time-of-flight facility (n-TOF), which is operational since 2014, is designed and built as a short-distance complement to the experimental area 1 (EAR-1). The Parallel Plate Avalanche Counter (PPAC) monitor experiment was performed to characterize the beam prole and the shape of the neutron 'ux at EAR-2. The prompt Îł-flash which is used for calibrating the time-of-flight at EAR-1 is not seen by PPAC at EAR-2, shedding light on the physical origin of this Îł-flash
Measurement of the 240Pu(n,f) cross-section at the CERN n-TOF facility : First results from experimental area II (EAR-2)
The accurate knowledge of the neutron-induced fission cross-sections of actinides and other isotopes involved in the nuclear fuel cycle is essential for the design of advanced nuclear systems, such as Generation-IV nuclear reactors. Such experimental data can also provide the necessary feedback for the adjustment of nuclear model parameters used in the evaluation process, resulting in the further development of nuclear fission models. In the present work, the 240Pu(n,f) cross-section was measured at CERN's n-TOF facility relative to the well-known 235U(n,f) cross section, over a wide range of neutron energies, from meV to almost MeV, using the time-of-flight technique and a set-up based on Micromegas detectors. This measurement was the first experiment to be performed at n-TOF's new experimental area (EAR-2), which offers a significantly higher neutron flux compared to the already existing experimental area (EAR-1). Preliminary results as well as the experimental procedure, including a description of the facility and the data handling and analysis, are presented
High-accuracy determination of the neutron flux in the new experimental area n_TOF-EAR2 at CERN
A new high flux experimental area has recently become operational at the n_TOF facility at CERN. This new measuring station, n_TOF-EAR2, is placed at the end of a vertical beam line at a distance of approximately 20m from the spallation target. The characterization of the neutron beam, in terms of flux, spatial profile and resolution function, is of crucial importance for the feasibility study and data analysis of all measurements to be performed in the new area. In this paper, the measurement of the neutron flux, performed with different solid-state and gaseous detection systems, and using three neutron-converting reactions considered standard in different energy regions is reported. The results of the various measurements have been combined, yielding an evaluated neutron energy distribution in a wide energy range, from 2meV to 100MeV, with an accuracy ranging from 2%, at low energy, to 6% in the high-energy region. In addition, an absolute normalization of the n_TOF-EAR2 neutron flux has been obtained by means of an activation measurement performed with 197Au foils in the beam.Peer reviewe
Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset
corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected
during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV.
The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the
couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and
right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary
mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b,
leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing
transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W'
boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to
the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for
masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC
data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed
coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant
improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe
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