La familia Sarcoscyphaceae (Pezizales, Ascomycota) en México

Background and Aims: The family Sarcoscyphaceae is the fifth most numerous of the order Pezizales with 102 species. This family is characterized by red to bright orange apothecia due to the presence of carotenoid pigments and suboperculate asci with smooth or ornamented spores, longitudinally striate below the optic microscope. The aim of the present study is to perform a taxonomic revision of the family Sarcoscyphaceae in Mexico with macro- and micromorphological characters and to observe the spores with SEM to distinguish the species.Methods: The studied specimens were collected between 2013 and 2018; in addition, those deposited in the fungi collection of the ENCB herbarium were reviewed. These were studied, described and determined following the traditional mycological techniques. The growth habit and vegetation type where the species develop were analyzed, according to the habitat where the species described here grow.Key results: Eighteen species of Sarcoscyphaceae were identified in Mexico, of which Geodina guanacastensis, Nanoscypha pulchra, Phillipsia olivacea and Sarcoscypha austriaca are cited for the first time for the country. The species of this family were mainly associated with the tropical dry forest and tropical rain forest, where the lignicolous habit was dominant with 16 species.Conclusions: The family Sarcoscyphaceae is well-represented in Mexico, being one of the best-studied family of the Order Pezizales in the Phylum Ascomycota. The family presents a remarkably tropical distribution with more than 60% of the species located in tropical dry forest and tropical rain forest. Temperate species have restricted distribution and greater specificity for the host, in most cases conifers.Antecedentes y Objetivos: La Familia Sarcoscyphaceae es la quinta más numerosa del orden Pezizales con 102 especies; se caracteriza por presentar apotecios de colores rojos a anaranjados brillantes, debido a la presencia de pigmentos carotenoides y ascas suboperculadas con esporas lisas u ornamentadas, principalmente con estrías longitudinales vistas al microscopio óptico. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una revisión taxonómica de la familia Sarcoscyphaceae en México, basada en caracteres morfológicos macro y microscópicos y observación de las esporas al MEB para separar las especies.Métodos: Los especímenes estudiados fueron recolectados entre 2013 y 2018; además, se revisaron los que están depositados en la colección de hongos del herbario ENCB. Los ejemplares fueron estudiados, descritos y determinados de acuerdo a las técnicas tradicionales en micología. Por otro lado, se analizó el habito de crecimiento y tipo de vegetación donde se desarrollan las especies, de acuerdo al habitat donde crecen las aquí descritas.Resultados clave: Se determinaron 18 especies de Sarcoscyphaceae en México, de las cuales Geodina guanacastensis, Nanoscypha pulchra, Phillipsia olivacea y Sarcoscypha austriaca se citan por primera vez para el país. De acuerdo al habitat, las especies de esta familia se asociaron principalmente a los bosques tropicales caducifolios y perennifolios, mientras que el hábito lignícola de 16 especies fue el dominante.Conclusiones: La familia Sarcoscyphaceae se encuentra bien representada en México, siendo una de las mejores estudiadas del Orden Pezizales en el Phylum Ascomycota. La familia presenta una distribución destacadamente tropical con más de 60% de las especies localizadas en bosques tropicales caducifolios y perennifolios. Las especies de zonas templadas presentan distribución restringida y una mayor especificidad por el hospedero, en la mayoría de los casos, coníferas

Análisis de la opinión de estudiantes sobre conductas de riesgo de jóvenes en Puerto Rico

The main purpose of the study was to analyze the opinion that students of the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus (UPRRP) have about some risk behaviors in teenagers of both genders between the ages of 13-18. We administered an online survey, which was taken by 1,836 students enrolled during the first semester of the 2017-18 academic year. We used mixed methods: descriptive statistics analysis and content analysis. The findings reveal that the opinion of students is that youth is a stage of confusion and turbulence; that some risk behaviors have increased during the past five years and that it tends to be associated to male youth. These results suggest that university students tend to reproduce the dominant social imaginary in terms of risk behavior in youth. Further investigations should take into consideration the consequences of youth stigmatization, since this is a heterogeneous and diverse group.El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue analizar la opinión que tienen los/as estudiantes de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras (UPRRP), sobre algunas conductas de riesgo en jóvenes de ambos géneros, de 13-18 años.  Administramos un cuestionario en línea que fue contestado por 1,836 estudiantes matriculados/as durante el primer semestre del año académico 2017-18. Utilizamos un método mixto: análisis estadístico descriptivo y análisis de contenido. Los hallazgos revelan que la opinión de la mayoría de los/as estudiantes universitarios/as es que la juventud es una etapa de confusión y turbulencia; que algunas conductas de riesgo han aumentado durante los pasados cinco años y que se asocian más con los jóvenes que con las jóvenes. Estos hallazgos sugieren que los/as estudiantes tienden a reproducir los imaginarios sociales dominantes sobre la conducta de riesgo en jóvenes entre las edades de 13-18 años. Futuros trabajos deben considerar las consecuencias de la estigmatización hacia los/as jóvenes, ya que este es un grupo heterogéneo y variado

Conclusions of the II International and IV Spanish Hydration Congress. Toledo, Spain, 2nd-4th December, 2015

Water is the major component of our organism representing about 60% of total body weight in adults and has to be obtained through the consumption of different foods and beverages as part of our diet. Water is an essential nutrient performing important functions, including transport of other nutrients, elimination of waste products, temperature regulation, lubrication and structural support. In this context, hydration through water has an essential role in health and wellness, which has been highly acknowledged in recent years among the health community experts such as nutritionists, dietitians, general practitioners, pharmacists, educators, as well as by physical activity and sport sciences experts and the general population

Integrative epigenomics in Sjögren´s syndrome reveals novel pathways and a strong interaction between the HLA, autoantibodies and the interferon signature

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and damage of exocrine salivary and lacrimal glands. The etiology of SS is complex with environmental triggers and genetic factors involved. By conducting an integrated multi-omics study, we confirmed a vast coordinated hypomethylation and overexpression effects in IFN-related genes, what is known as the IFN signature. Stratified and conditional analyses suggest a strong interaction between SS-associated HLA genetic variation and the presence of Anti-Ro/SSA autoantibodies in driving the IFN epigenetic signature and determining SS. We report a novel epigenetic signature characterized by increased DNA methylation levels in a large number of genes enriched in pathways such as collagen metabolism and extracellular matrix organization. We identified potential new genetic variants associated with SS that might mediate their risk by altering DNA methylation or gene expression patterns, as well as disease-interacting genetic variants that exhibit regulatory function only in the SS population. Our study sheds new light on the interaction between genetics, autoantibody profiles, DNA methylation and gene expression in SS, and contributes to elucidate the genetic architecture of gene regulation in an autoimmune population

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Diverse Large HIV-1 Non-subtype B Clusters Are Spreading Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Spain

In Western Europe, the HIV-1 epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) is dominated by subtype B. However, recently, other genetic forms have been reported to circulate in this population, as evidenced by their grouping in clusters predominantly comprising European individuals. Here we describe four large HIV-1 non-subtype B clusters spreading among MSM in Spain. Samples were collected in 9 regions. A pol fragment was amplified from plasma RNA or blood-extracted DNA. Phylogenetic analyses were performed via maximum likelihood, including database sequences of the same genetic forms as the identified clusters. Times and locations of the most recent common ancestors (MRCA) of clusters were estimated with a Bayesian method. Five large non-subtype B clusters associated with MSM were identified. The largest one, of F1 subtype, was reported previously. The other four were of CRF02_AG (CRF02_1; n = 115) and subtypes A1 (A1_1; n = 66), F1 (F1_3; n = 36), and C (C_7; n = 17). Most individuals belonging to them had been diagnosed of HIV-1 infection in the last 10 years. Each cluster comprised viruses from 3 to 8 Spanish regions and also comprised or was related to viruses from other countries: CRF02_1 comprised a Japanese subcluster and viruses from 8 other countries from Western Europe, Asia, and South America; A1_1 comprised viruses from Portugal, United Kingom, and United States, and was related to the A1 strain circulating in Greece, Albania and Cyprus; F1_3 was related to viruses from Romania; and C_7 comprised viruses from Portugal and was related to a virus from Mozambique. A subcluster within CRF02_1 was associated with heterosexual transmission. Near full-length genomes of each cluster were of uniform genetic form. Times of MRCAs of CRF02_1, A1_1, F1_3, and C_7 were estimated around 1986, 1989, 2013, and 1983, respectively. MRCA locations for CRF02_1 and A1_1 were uncertain (however initial expansions in Spain in Madrid and Vigo, respectively, were estimated) and were most probable in Bilbao, Spain, for F1_3 and Portugal for C_7. These results show that the HIV-1 epidemic among MSM in Spain is becoming increasingly diverse through the expansion of diverse non-subtype B clusters, comprising or related to viruses circulating in other countries

O31 Integrative analysis reveals a molecular stratification of systemic autoimmune diseases

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Ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia and reduction of distal radius fractures in an emergency department

OBJECTIVES Distal radius fractures are among the most common fractures. Ultrasound is gaining importance in the treatment of and as a tool to diagnose distal radius fractures, guide regional anaesthesia and support reductions. Our aim was to demonstrate safety, feasibility and outcome in patients with a distal radius fractures undergoing ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia (UGRA) with ultrasound-guided reduction (UGR), as compared with procedural sedation for the reduction. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was carried out in the emergency department of the University Hospital Basel (Switzerland) between February 2014 and October 2017. Adults with an isolated forearm fracture were eligible. The intervention group was treated with UGRA of the brachial plexus and subsequent ultrasound-assisted fracture reduction. Patients in the control group received usual care, which is blind fracture reduction with extension and immobilisation under procedural sedation. RESULTS 71 patients were enrolled in the intervention group and 142 were to the control group. There was one (1.4%) complication (pneumothorax) in the UGR group. Twenty-five patients (35%) in the intervention group and 67 patients (47%) in the control group underwent surgery. The association between surgery and study group was not significant (p = 0.08). The patient’s age was negatively associated with surgery (p <0.001). The association between surgery and study group was significant in patients ≥60 years (p = 0.035). CONCLUSION The combination of ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia and ultrasound-guided reduction of distal radius fractures is feasible. Safety was shown by 70 out of 71 cases of UGRA being without complication. Effectiveness regarding the necessity of subsequent operation was comparable to usual care; in patients over 60 it may be lower with UGR