Modelación matemática para planificación agregada de la producción-distribución ligada a la complejidad estática bajo un enfoque determinista y estocástico

En el presente trabajo, se evaluará dos planteamientos matemáticos con enfoques determinístico y estocástico con incertidumbre en función a la demanda, con una topología de tres proveedores, seis tipos de materias primas, seis productos, dos plantas, dos recursos de producción, dos centros de distribución, cinco detallistas y tres clientes; En la cual se tomaran decisiones útiles para la planificación de operaciones que integran decisiones de compras, producción, transporte, niveles de inventario en toda la cadena de suministro

Medios de comunicación y derecho a la información en Jalisco, 2016

Se rescata el acontecer mediático y las trasformaciones más relevantes en materia de derecho a la información entre 2015 y 2016. Este periodo arroja interesantes análisis con respecto a temas como los cambios del sistema de medios en Jalisco; la trasparencia y el acceso a la información, así como la configuración de quienes integran las instituciones que vigilan su aplicación; la transición a la televisión digital terrestre; los desaparecidos y la falta de acceso a la información, y el rostro de la prensa local a partir de sus capacidades financieras desde la perspectiva de su independencia editorial. Asimismo, se registraron hechos importantes que están marcando un parteaguas en el estado, como la alerta de violencia contra las mujeres en Jalisco, la iniciativa ciudadana #Ley3de3, las modificaciones al Premio Jalisco de Periodismo y las implicaciones del nuevo sistema penal para los medios y los periodistas. Cierra con un espacio para mantener viva la memoria de los profesionales de la comunicación que han participado en la construcción del acontecer informativo, cultural y de entretenimiento local

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Colombian Sustainability against Sustainable Development in the World. A Bibliometric Review for Environmental Analysis

This study used the meta-analysis to contrast research on sustainable development and its measurement within companies from different countries and Colombia. We used bibliographic selection criteria, proposing a conceptual classification scheme (ccs), with search equations applying Boolean operators, which allow reaching a conclusion by answering the five questions posed in the ccs. Articles from the last ten years and an analysis of the research trend on the topic raised were used, evidencing the agreement of the results and the selection criteria with the ccs. At the end of the study, it was possible to show that in the Asian and European countries, the leading researchers are concerned with environmental sustainability, social commitment and economic investment in technological development. Latin American countries show that companies only focus on financial growth rather than environmental or social impacts, which is detrimental to sustainable development.En el presente estudio, se utiliza el metaanálisis para contrastar investigaciones realizadas sobre el desarrollo sostenible y su medición al interior de empresas colombianas y otras alrededor del mundo. El contraste se realiza utilizando criterios de selección bibliográfica, proponiendo un Esquema de Clasificación Conceptual (ecc), utilizando un arqueo bibliográfico con la selección de artículos relevantes, con ecuaciones de búsqueda, aplicando operadores booleanos, que permitan llegar a una conclusión para responder las cinco preguntas planteadas en el ecc. Se utilizaron artículos de los últimos 10 años y un análisis de tendencia de investigación del tema planteado, que evidencia la concordancia de los resultados y tiene en cuenta criterios de selección con el ecc. El estudio demostró que los países asiáticos y europeos son los principales investigadores del tema tratado, lo cual indica su preocupación por la sostenibilidad ambiental, su compromiso social y su interés por una inversión económica en el desarrollo tecnológico; en contraste, los países latinoamericanos han hecho pocas investigaciones sobre sostenibilidad ambiental y las empresas se enfocan más en el crecimiento financiero que en los impactos ambientales o sociales, lo cual va en detrimento del desarrollo sostenible

Exaptation and Beyond: Multilevel Function Evolution in Biology and Technology

International audienceExaptation contributes significantly to evolution of entities ‘born and made’, but little has been written about differences and similarities in the way exaptation takes place in the artificial and natural world. We succinctly describe how such processes take place in the natural and artificial world and focus in particular on the dynamic effect between functional shift of a module of an organism (or artifact) and the resulting change at the level where selection occurs. We show that when exaptation is considered from a modular viewpoint, some of the differences that have plagued the analogy between natural and artificial evolution disappears