A Handbook for Elders and Overseers

Quaker Hill Pamphlet No. 2 Excerpt: The objective pursued in these pages has been to produce for elders and overseers in Friends meetings a body of literature which \u27is problem centered. The swiftly moving historical scene during the last generation has been the cause of immense and widespread confusion about the important spiritual testimonies which characterize the Christian life. The automobile. the radio, the motion picture-to mention only a few of the products of the last quarter-century-have had revolutionary effects upon society. The older Quaker communities have been rooted out of their former isolationism from the rest of the world where the Christian life as envisioned by Friends could be taught the young without interruption from the outside world. The vast population movements in the last twenty-five years have affected Friends as they have everyone else and have made us now veritable children of the dispersion in this modern world. Our homes suffer the shock and strain of modern life, as other homes do with the economic arrangements of our time that bring varying hours of employment during the night and day and split apart the activities of the members of the family who work, and, in addition, the multitudinous claims of present day society from outside the home that constantly intrude upon our families and tend to break them down. The two world wars in our generation have been successively more totalitarian \u27in their effects upon the life of the people. All these circumstances and more have shaken us to the foundations , and the bewilderment and confusion which beset the people in our churches is not of itself to be mistaken for any less earnest Christian desire on their part. The persons who occupy the positions of elders and overseers in our meetings are almost certainly as devoted and in many cases, as courageous-as any who have exercised these responsibilities in the past. But in the light of the present situation these people are in need of help by way of defining their responsibilities as elders and overseers in the light of contemporary situations, and illuminating their imagination with the momentous possibilities which their positions offer for meeting the human need in this present hour.https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/quakerbooks/1058/thumbnail.jp

Parks, people and pixels: evaluating landscape effects of an East African national park on its surroundings

Landscapes surrounding protected areas, while still containing considerable biodiversity, have rapidly growing human populations and associated agricultural development in most of the developing world that tend to isolate them, potentially reducing their conservation value. Using field studies and multi-temporal Landsat imagery, we examine a forest park, Kibale National Park in western Uganda, its changes over time, and related land cover change in the surrounding landscape. We find Kibale has successfully defended its borders and prevents within-park deforestation and other land incursions, and has maintained tree cover throughout the time period of the study. Outside the park there was a significant increase in tea plantations and continued forest fragmentation and wetland loss. The question of whether the park is a conservation success because of the network of forest fragments and wetlands or in spite of them remains unanswered

Crossing Selma\u27s Bridge: Integrating Visual Discovery Strategy and Young Adult Literature to Promote Dialogue and Understanding

Urban communities, separated by race and class, experience a disproportionate number of gun deaths, police shootings, crime, violent and nonviolent protests, as well as disparities in housing, education, and employment. These discussions are visual and textual, appearing in both traditional and social media outlets. How do adolescents read and make sense of these images? We discuss integrating a Social Studies practice, Visual Discovery Strategy, with Young Adult Literature to provide students with the skills to both critique images from the events in their lives and produce responses through both traditional and digital methods

We’re Late; But We Made it: A Brief Analysis and Comparison of Characterization and Storytelling in Pre and Post-World War American Theatre

As the effects of the World Wars hit the American people, playwrights responded to the grief and passion of the country with a new approach to theatrical storytelling. After World War I and II, American playwrights finally made it to the movement that had been sweeping through Europe for five decades: realism. Theatres began exploring real emotion, action, and characters in their stories. This research will explore the journey of transitioning from American melodrama to American modernism using characterization and storytelling methods. Critiques from contemporaries and the works form each movement will be used as primary sources

Impact of a Teacher Training Program to Increase Informative Praise and Decrease Commands and Negative Comments

Research has found that many children who come from a low socioeconomic background often begin their schooling careers behind most students. Head Start programs around the nation are utilized to close the gap in achievement, by providing those students with the educational support necessary to prepare them for future schooling. However, when assessed with the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS), Head Start programs have been found to be weaker in the area of Instructional Support. As a result, teachers are falling short in the way they provide feedback, incorporate higher thinking skills, and foster language development. In order to strengthen the instructional support component, research has supported the utilization of professional development to foster ways of incorporating informative praise which then encourages the desired behaviors and provides a rich language model for children This study was designed to provide professional development to Head Start teachers in order to increase informative praise and decrease commands and negative comments utilized by teachers. An increase in the number of general praise statements and informative praise statements used directly after the training was administered was found. However, as time progressed, the amount of praise decreased back to the levels before the training was given. It was also found that negative comments and commands decreased continuously throughout all observations after the training

Las prácticas funerarias: su estudio y su potencial.

Se analizan ampliamente las explicaciones sobre las costumbres funerarias dadas anteriormente por antropólogos, a la vez que las hipótesis y las interpretaciones que de ellas se derivan. Unas y otras se ha demostrado que son inadecuadas tanto desde el punto de vista de la teoría de los sistemas como desde el examen detallado del registro empírico. Un estudio multicultural elaborado según los datos de la Human Relations Area Files2 (HRAF) muestra que existen relaciones entre las evaluaciones de la variedad de rituales funerarios y la complejidad estructural. Se descubrió que tanto el número como las formas específicas de la dimensión de la persona social, comúnmente reconocidas en el ritual funerario, varían significativamente según la complejidad organizativa de la sociedad, tomando como baremo las diferentes formas de las prácticas de subsistencia. Además, las formas que adoptan las diferencias en el ritual funerario varían significativamente en función de la dimensión del sujeto social al que representan. Así pues, muchas de las conjeturas de la arqueología contemporánea y de la interpretación relacionada con los procesos de cambio cultural, diferenciación cultural y la presencia de costumbres funerarias específicas son inadecuadas, al igual que lo son las hipótesis y supuestos conceptuales que subyacen en tales nociones. Las inferencias acerca de las presupuestas «relaciones », comparadas directamente con las listas de rasgos obtenidas de entre las manifestaciones arqueológicas, son inútiles sin el conocimiento de las propiedades organizativas de los sistemas culturales pertinentes.Se analizan ampliamente las explicaciones sobre las costumbres funerarias dadas anteriormente por antropólogos, a la vez que las hipótesis y las interpretaciones que de ellas se derivan. Unas y otras se ha demostrado que son inadecuadas tanto desde el punto de vista de la teoría de los sistemas como desde el examen detallado del registro empírico. Un estudio multicultural elaborado según los datos de la Human Relations Area Files2 (HRAF) muestra que existen relaciones entre las evaluaciones de la variedad de rituales funerarios y la complejidad estructural. Se descubrió que tanto el número como las formas específicas de la dimensión de la persona social, comúnmente reconocidas en el ritual funerario, varían significativamente según la complejidad organizativa de la sociedad, tomando como baremo las diferentes formas de las prácticas de subsistencia. Además, las formas que adoptan las diferencias en el ritual funerario varían significativamente en función de la dimensión del sujeto social al que representan. Así pues, muchas de las conjeturas de la arqueología contemporánea y de la interpretación relacionada con los procesos de cambio cultural, diferenciación cultural y la presencia de costumbres funerarias específicas son inadecuadas, al igual que lo son las hipótesis y supuestos conceptuales que subyacen en tales nociones. Las inferencias acerca de las presupuestas «relaciones », comparadas directamente con las listas de rasgos obtenidas de entre las manifestaciones arqueológicas, son inútiles sin el conocimiento de las propiedades organizativas de los sistemas culturales pertinentes.The explanations of burial customs provided by previous anthropologists are examined at length together with the assumptions and data orientations that lay behind them. Both the assumptions and explanations are shown to be inadequate from the point of view of systems theory and from a detailed examination of the empirical record. A cross-cultural survey drawn from the Human Relations Area Files shows that associations do exist between measures of mortuary ritual variety and structural complexity. It was found that both the number and specific forms of the dimensions of the social persona commonly recognized in mortuary ritual vary significantly with the organizational complexity of the society as measured by different forms of subsistence practice. Moreover, the forms that differentiations in mortuary ritual take vary significantly with the dimensions of the social persona symbolized. Hence, much of contemporary archaeological conjecture and interpretation regarding processes of cultural change, cultural differentiation, and the presence of specific burial customs is inadequate as well as the ideational propositions and assumptions underlying these notions. Inferences about the presumed «relationships» compared directly from trait lists obtaining among archaeological manifestations are useless without knowledge of the organizational properties of the pertinent cultural systems