A competência sócio-humanista: componente essencial do profissional de saúde

Introduction: the process of sociohumanist training of health professionals has been defined as the set of stages through which they travel to achieve the systemic integration of knowledge, skills, values and attitudes that allow them to understand, understand and interpret the socio-humanist context and ethical for the solution of professional problems. Objective: define the sociohumanist competence and its content as an essential step for the development of a theoretical conception about the dimensions of its development in the postgraduate course of higher medical education. Method: partial results were presented of the "Institutional Investigative Project for the development of sociohumanist competence in health professionals" that is being developed at the University of Medical Sciences of Guantánamo since 2015. The procedures followed in this investigation corresponded to the of a qualitative research insofar as they allowed to define and characterize the sociohumanist competence. Through the bibliographic research the definition was defined and with the application of other research methods it was possible to establish the characteristic elements, as well as the dimensions of their development in the health professionals. From this primary information, it is intended to outline guidelines to follow for the development of this competence in professionals. Results: new knowledge was obtained about an incident problem in the national life with serious repercussions on the quality of life of our population, new knowledge about the content of sociohumanist competence as that part of the culture of the profession, which must be addressed of assimilation by students, in the teaching-learning process. The results of the empirical procedures taken for the diagnosis of the problem and the theoretical methods have served as a primary source of information that allow delineating dimensions of the development of this competence. Progress is being made in the improvement of the definition, elaboration and implementation of the theoretical scientific foundations for the health policies to be adopted, as well as their evaluation. Conclusions: the definition of sociohumanist competence as well as its content and the dimensions of its development were essential steps in understanding the essential nature of this component in the training of health professionals our society needs and we aspire to train in the University of Medical Sciences of Guantánamo, as a modest contribution to the improvement in the quality of the health service and the construction of a prosperous and sustainable model of socialism.Introducción: el proceso de formación sociohumanista de los profesionales de la salud ha sido definido como el conjunto de etapas por las que transitan para lograr la integración sistémica de conocimientos, habilidades, valores y actitudes que les permita entender, comprender e interpretar el contexto sociohumanista y ético para la solución de los problemas profesionales. Objetivo: definir la competencia sociohumanista y su contenido como paso esencial para el desarrollo de una concepción teórica acerca de las dimensiones del desarrollo de la misma en el posgrado de la educación médica superior. Método: se presentaron resultados parciales del “Proyecto Investigativo Institucional para el desarrollo de la competencia sociohumanista en los profesionales de salud” que se desarrolla en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Guantánamo desde el año 2015. Los procedimientos seguidos en esta investigación se correspondieron con los de una investigación cualitativa en tanto permitieron definir y caracterizar la competencia sociohumanista. Mediante la investigación bibliográfica se precisó la definición y con la aplicación de otros métodos de investigación se alcanzó establecer los elementos característicos, así como las dimensiones de su desarrollo en los profesionales de la salud. A partir de esta información primaria, se pretende trazar pautas a seguir para el desarrollo de esta competencia en los profesionales. Resultados: se obtuvieron nuevos conocimientos acerca de un problema incidente en la vida nacional con serias repercusiones en la calidad de vida de nuestra población, nuevos conocimientos acerca del contenido de la competencia sociohumanista como aquella parte de la cultura de la profesión, que debe ser objeto de asimilación por los estudiantes, en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Los resultados de los procedimientos empíricos tomados para el diagnóstico del problema y los métodos teóricos han servido como fuente primaria de información que permiten delinear dimensiones del desarrollo de esta competencia. Se avanza en el perfeccionamiento de la definición, elaboración e implementación de los fundamentos científicos teóricos para las políticas de salud a adoptar, así como de su evaluación. Conclusiones: la definición de competencia sociohumanista así como de su contenido y de las dimensiones de su desarrollo constituyeron pasos esenciales en la comprensión del carácter esencial de este componente en la formación del profesional de la salud que necesita nuestra sociedad y que aspiramos a formar en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Guantánamo, como modesta contribución a la mejora en la calidad del servicio de salud y la construcción de un modelo de socialismo próspero y sustentable.Introdução: o processo de formação sociohumanista dos profissionais de saúde tem sido definido como o conjunto de etapas pelas quais se deslocam para alcançar a integração sistêmica de conhecimentos, habilidades, valores e atitudes que lhes permitam compreender, compreender e interpretar o contexto socio-humanista e Ético para a solução de problemas profissionais. Objetivo: definir a competência sociohumanista e seu conteúdo como um passo essencial para o desenvolvimento de uma concepção teórica sobre as dimensões de seu desenvolvimento no curso de pós-graduação de ensino superior. Método: foram apresentados resultados parciais do "Projeto Investigativo Institucional para o desenvolvimento da competência sociohumana em profissionais de saúde" que está sendo desenvolvido na Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Guantánamo desde 2015. Os procedimentos seguidos nesta investigação corresponderam à de uma pesquisa qualitativa na medida em que permitiram definir e caracterizar a competência sociohumana. Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica definiu-se a definição e, com a aplicação de outros métodos de pesquisa, foi possível estabelecer os elementos característicos, bem como as dimensões de seu desenvolvimento nos profissionais de saúde. A partir dessas informações primárias, pretende-se traçar diretrizes a serem seguidas para o desenvolvimento dessa competência nos profissionais. Resultados: novos conhecimentos foram obtidos sobre um problema incidente na vida nacional com sérias repercussões na qualidade de vida de nossa população, novos conhecimentos sobre o conteúdo da competência sociohumanista como parte da cultura da profissão, que deve ser abordada de assimilação pelos alunos, no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Os resultados dos procedimentos empíricos tomados para o diagnóstico do problema e os métodos teóricos serviram como uma fonte primária de informação que permite delinear as dimensões do desenvolvimento desta competência. Progresso está sendo feito no aprimoramento da definição, elaboração e implementação das bases científicas teóricas para as políticas de saúde a serem adotadas, bem como na sua avaliação. Conclusões: a definição de competência sociohumana, bem como seu conteúdo e as dimensões de seu desenvolvimento, foram etapas essenciais para a compreensão da natureza essencial desse componente na formação de profissionais de saúde de que nossa sociedade necessita e que aspiramos a formar na sociedade. Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Guantánamo, como modesta contribuição para a melhoria da qualidade do serviço de saúde e a construção de um modelo próspero e sustentável de socialismo

A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space

The use of functional information in the form of species traits plays an important role in explaining biodiversity patterns and responses to environmental changes. Although relationships between species composition, their traits, and the environment have been extensively studied on a case-by-case basis, results are variable, and it remains unclear how generalizable these relationships are across ecosystems, taxa and spatial scales. To address this gap, we collated 80 datasets from trait-based studies into a global database for metaCommunity Ecology: Species, Traits, Environment and Space; “CESTES”. Each dataset includes four matrices: species community abundances or presences/absences across multiple sites, species trait information, environmental variables and spatial coordinates of the sampling sites. The CESTES database is a live database: it will be maintained and expanded in the future as new datasets become available. By its harmonized structure, and the diversity of ecosystem types, taxonomic groups, and spatial scales it covers, the CESTES database provides an important opportunity for synthetic trait-based research in community ecology

Estudios de la tuberculosis desde la Sucursal del Cielo

PublishedEste libro está dirigido a la comunidad académica, científica y en general a aquellas personas interesadas en ampliar sus conocimientos sobre la tuberculosis. Iniciamos con una revisión general de la evolución de las metodologías diagnósticas. Posteriormente, destacamos diferentes trabajos de investigación realizados en Cali y el Valle del Cauca en torno a la tuberculosis, resaltando herramientas empleadas para la vigilancia epidemiológica de la enfermedad, así como el estudio de la tuberculosis en población vulnerable (tuberculosis infantil y la incidencia de esta enfermedad en trabajadores de la salud en los últimos años en Cali). Este libro resalta la necesidad de entender el enfoque humano que rodea esta enfermedad, en esa dirección los dos últimos capítulos los enfocamos en las creencias sobre la tuberculosis y la interacción del paciente con las entidades prestadoras de servicios de salud. Esperamos que nuestro libro genere importantes aportes a aquellos que se involucran en el estudio de esta enfermedad que ha acompañado al hombre probablemente desde su presencia en el planeta y sea, además, el insumo de futuros investigadores en las diversas áreas del conocimiento que confluyen en el entendimiento de esta enfermedad infecciosa

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Search for Eccentric Black Hole Coalescences during the Third Observing Run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass $M>70$ $M_\odot$) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities $0 < e \leq 0.3$ at $0.33$ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$ at 90\% confidence level.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figure

4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil. El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país. La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica. Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified