Salivary gland dysfunction markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease of the carbohydrate metabolism that, when not rigorously controlled, compromises systemic and organ integrity, thereby causing renal diseases, blindness, neuropathy, arteriosclerosis, infections, and glandular dysfunction, including the salivary glands. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the qualitative and quantitative parameters of salivary alteration, which are indicators of salivary gland dysfunction, and the level of metabolic control of type 2 diabetes patients. Material and Methods: A convenience sample of 74 voluntary patients with type 2 DM was selected, each of whom donated a sample of unstimulated saliva. Salivary parameters such as salivary flow rate, protein concentration, pH, and xerostomia were studied. Results: There is a positive relationship between the level of metabolic control measured with HbA1 and the protein concentration in saliva (Spearman rho = 0.329 and p = 0.004). The same assay showed an inverse correlation between HbA1 and pH (Spearman rho = -0.225 and p = 0.05). Conclusions: The protein concentration in saliva and, to a lesser extent, the pH may be useful as glandular dysfunction indicators in DM2 patients

Calidad bromatológica y fisicoquímica de Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) producidas en la zona centro de Veracruz

Moringa oleifera Lam es un árbol originario del Himalaya, desde el noreste de Pakistán hasta el norte de Bengala del oeste en la India, es conocido como el árbol milagroso o el árbol de la vida. Se evaluó la calidad bromatológica y fisicoquímica de las hojas en fresco y deshidratadas de dos municipios de la zona centro del Estado de Veracruz, Tierra Blanca y Tepatlaxco incluyendo un análisis edafológico del suelo de las dos zonas. Los resultados obtenidos con respecto a los bromatológicos fueron: La moringa de Tierra Blanca reportó alto contenido de proteínas 23.62% con respecto a la moringa de Tepatlaxco 1.75% y la comercial 8.31%, de cenizas la moringa de Tepatlaxco reportó un 3.81%, contenido mayor que la de Tierra Blanca 3.69% y menor con la comercial 6.92%, de fibra la moringa de Tierra Blanca reporto valores cercanos a la comercial con 16.19% y15.24%, para el contenido de grasa se obtuvo valores de 2.87%, 2.36% y 3.40% en Tepatlaxco, Tierra Blanca y comercial respectivamente. los análisis fisicoquímicos los resultados de pH de 5.85% acidez de 12.8% y grados brix de 0.9% de la moringa de Tepatlaxco reporta valores que son sugeridos para un manejo poscosecha de conservación: deshidratación. El análisis edafológico reportó que el suelo de Tepatlaxco tiene un contenido de materia orgánica de 8.56% y un suelo arcilloso que favorece la retención de agua sugerido para el cultivo de la moringa. Se concluye que la moringa puede ser alternativa de una alimento funcional y se recomienda determinar los contenidos de algunos minerales que reportan contiene la moringa producida en las zonas de estudio.

Decay of similarity across tropical forest communities : integrating spatial distance with soil nutrients

Altres ajuts: Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICUnderstanding the mechanisms that drive the change of biotic assemblages over space and time is the main quest of community ecology. Assessing the relative importance of dispersal and environmental species selection in a range of organismic sizes and motilities has been a fruitful strategy. A consensus for whether spatial and environmental distances operate similarly across spatial scales and taxa, however, has yet to emerge. We used censuses of four major groups of organisms (soil bacteria, fungi, ground insects, and trees) at two observation scales (1-m sampling point vs. 2,500-m plots) in a topographically standardized sampling design replicated in two tropical rainforests with contrasting relationships between spatial distance and nutrient availability. We modeled the decay of assemblage similarity for each taxon set and site to assess the relative contributions of spatial distance and nutrient availability distance. Then, we evaluated the potentially structuring effect of tree composition over all other taxa. The similarity of nutrient content in the litter and topsoil had a stronger and more consistent selective effect than did dispersal limitation, particularly for bacteria, fungi, and trees at the plot level. Ground insects, the only group assessed with the capacity of active dispersal, had the highest species turnover and the flattest nonsignificant distance−decay relationship, suggesting that neither dispersal limitation nor nutrient availability were fundamental drivers of their community assembly at this scale of analysis. Only the fungal communities at one of our study sites were clearly coordinated with tree composition. The spatial distance at the smallest scale was more important than nutrient selection for the bacteria, fungi, and insects. The lower initial similarity and the moderate variation in composition identified by these distance-decay models, however, suggested that the effects of stochastic sampling were important at this smaller spatial scale. Our results highlight the importance of nutrients as one of the main environmental drivers of rainforest communities irrespective of organismic or propagule size and how the overriding effect of the analytical scale influences the interpretation, leading to the perception of greater importance of dispersal limitation and ecological drift over selection associated with environmental niches at decreasing observation scales

Salud de los trabajadores

Actividad física y su relación con los factores de riesgo cardiovascular de carteros chilenosAnálisis de resultados: riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo Suceso-Istas 21 en Cesfam QuellónAusentismo laboral por enfermedades oftalmológicas, Chile 2009Brote de diarreas por norovirus, posterremoto-tsunami, Constitución, Región del MauleCalidad de vida en profesionales de la salud pública chilenaCaracterización del reposo laboral en personal del SSMN durante el primer semestre de 2010Concentración de nicotina en pelo en trabajadores no fumadores expuestos a humo de tabaco ambientalCondiciones de trabajo y bienestar/malestar docente en profesores de enseñanza media de SantiagoDisfunción auditiva inducida por exposición a xilenoErgonomía aplicada al estudio del síndrome de dolor lumbar en el trabajoEstimación de la frecuencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en trabajadores de una empresa mineraExposición a plaguicidas inhibidores de la acetilcolinesterasa en Colombia, 2006-2009Factores de riesgo y daños de salud en conductores de una empresa peruana de transporte terrestre, 2009Las consecuencias de la cultura en salud y seguridad ocupacional en una empresa mineraPercepción de cambios en la práctica médica y estrategias de afrontamientoPercepción de la calidad de vida en la Universidad del BiobíoPesos máximos aceptables para tareas de levantamiento manual de carga en población laboral femeninaRiesgo coronario en trabajadores mineros según la función de Framingham adaptada para la población chilenaTrastornos emocionales y riesgo cardiovascular en trabajadores de la salu

The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar and APOGEE-2 Data

This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar) accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) survey which publicly releases infra-red spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the sub-survey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey (SPIDERS) sub-survey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated Value Added Catalogs (VACs). This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Local Volume Mapper (LVM) and Black Hole Mapper (BHM) surveys

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Adelante / Endavant

Séptimo desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere "Purificación Escribano" de la Universitat Jaume

Genome sequencing reveals Zika virus diversity and spread in the Americas

Although the recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas and its link to birth defects have attracted a great deal of attention, much remains unknown about ZIKV disease epidemiology and ZIKV evolution, in part owing to a lack of genomic data. Here we address this gap in knowledge by using multiple sequencing approaches to generate 110 ZIKV genomes from clinical and mosquito samples from 10 countries and territories, greatly expanding the observed viral genetic diversity from this outbreak. We analysed the timing and patterns of introductions into distinct geographic regions; our phylogenetic evidence suggests rapid expansion of the outbreak in Brazil and multiple introductions of outbreak strains into Puerto Rico, Honduras, Colombia, other Caribbean islands, and the continental United States. We find that ZIKV circulated undetected in multiple regions for many months before the first locally transmitted cases were confirmed, highlighting the importance of surveillance of viral infections. We identify mutations with possible functional implications for ZIKV biology and pathogenesis, as well as those that might be relevant to the effectiveness of diagnostic tests

Conocimiento sobre el manejo de las pastillas del día siguiente en estudiantes del área de la salud

Introduction: In spite of the readiness of the numerous methods contraceptive existent, many pregnancies they are not planned neither wanted, and great part of these they belong to adolescents evidencing the lack of knowledge it has more than enough sexuality and birth-control methods, specifically of the contraception hormonal post coitus (PHC) or also call �pill of the following day.� The personnel of the area of the health are the main source of information on the birth-control methods including the PHC. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge on the use of the pill of the following day in university students. Material and Methods: We was carried out a traverse descriptive study to 142 university students of the formative level of the area of the health of the BUAP by means of a questionnaire to measure the level of knowledge on the PHC. Results: It was found that 51% of the university students has a faulty knowledge of the PHC, 46% a regular and alone knowledge 3% has a good knowledge. There were not significant differences for sex. There is a bigger knowledge with regard to the dosage (92%) and a smaller knowledge in the action mechanism (22%). The students of the career of Medicine have a good level of knowledge of 6.8% contrary to the students of Dentistry and Infirmary that they have a good level of knowledge of 0% and 2.1% respectively. Conclusions: A faulty level exists on the knowledge of the contraception hormonal post coitus in students of the area of the health of the BUAP. The students of Dentistry and Infirmary have smaller knowledge on the PHC that those of Medicine.Introducción: A pesar de la disponibilidad de los numerosos métodos contraceptivos existentes, muchos embarazos no son planeados, ni deseados y gran parte de estos son de adolescentes, evidenciando la falta de conocimientos sobre sexualidad y métodos anticonceptivos, específicamente de la anticoncepción hormonal poscoito (AHP) o también llamada �pastilla del día siguiente�. El personal del área de la salud es la principal fuente de información sobre los métodos anticonceptivos incluyendo la AHP. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre el manejo de la pastilla del día siguiente en estudiantes universitarios. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal a 142 universitarios del nivel formativo del área de la salud de la ..........................................Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), por medio de un cuestionario para medir el nivel de conocimientos sobre la AHP. Resultados: Se encontró que el 51% de los universitarios tienen un deficiente conocimiento de la AHP, 46% un conocimiento regular y sólo un 3% tiene un buen conocimiento. No hubo diferencias significativas por sexo. Hay un mayor conocimiento con respecto a la dosificación (92%) y un menor conocimiento en el mecanismo de acción (22%). Los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina tienen un nivel de conocimientos bueno del 6.8% a diferencia de los estudiantes de Estomatología y Enfermería que tiene un nivel de conocimientos bueno del 0% y 2.1% respectivamente. Conclusiones: Existe un nivel deficiente sobre el conocimiento de la anticoncepción hormonal poscoito en estudiantes del área de la salud de la BUAP. Los estudiantes de Estomatología y Enfermería tienen menor conocimiento sobre la AHP que los de Medicin