465 research outputs found
Effects of preservation by ethanol on <scp>ÎŽ<sup>13</sup>C</scp> and <scp>ÎŽ<sup>15</sup>N</scp> of three tissues of the critically endangered <scp>European</scp> eel <i>Anguilla anguilla</i>
The temporal effects of ethanol preservation on the ÎŽ13C and ÎŽ15N values of tissues excised from European eel Anguilla anguilla were assessed. Preservation significantly enriched 13C values of fin and mucus but not dorsal muscle. The 13C enrichment occurred in the initial 15âdays of preservation and was independent of initial eel mass. Tissue preservation effects on ÎŽ15N values were negligible. These tissue-specific isotopic shifts should be considered when ethanol-preserved eel samples are used
Reduction of Steady-State Valproate Levels by Other Antiepileptic Drugs
Steady-state plasma valproate (VPA) levels were analyzed in 37 children after 6 weeks of VPA therapy. Twenty-six patients were receiving other antiepileptic drugs in addition to VPA (experimental group). Eleven patients who received VPA alone served as controls. The mean VPA dose was not statistically different for the two groups (experimental group, 35.4 mg/kg/ day, 11.6 SD; control group, 31.1 mg/kg/day, SD 6.6) The mean plasma VPA level was significantly lower for the experimental group (63.0 Îg/m1, SD 21.8) than for the control (99.3 Îg/m1), SD 23.3) ( p < 0.01). VPA levelrdose ratio (LDR) was also reduced in the experimental group (1.92, SD 0.75) as compared to controls (3.26, SD 0.65) ( p < 0.01). Within the experimental group the VPA levels and VPA LDR were significantly reduced in patients receiving either phenytoin or phenobarbital. The data suggest that other antiepileptic drugs significantly alter the steady-state level to dose relationship for VPA. RĂSUMĂ Le taux plasmatique Ă l'Ăquilibre du valproate de sodium (VPA) a ĂtĂĂtudiĂ chez 37 enfants aprĂs 6 semaines de thĂrapeutique. Vingt six patients reĂoivent d'autres mĂdicaments antiĂpileptiques associĂs au VPA (groupe expĂrimental) alors que 11 sujets tĂmoins ne reĂoivent que le VPA seul. La posologie moyenne du VPA n'est pas significativement diffĂrente entre les deux groupes (35,4 mg/kg/jour ± 11,6 centre 31,1 mg/kg/jour ± 6,6). Le taux plasmatique de VPA est significativement plus bas dans le groupe experimental (63,0 Îg/ml ± 21,8) contre 99,3 Îg/ml ± 23,3 dans le groupe tĂmoin ( p < 0,01). Le rapport taux plasmatique/posologie (LDR) a ĂtĂ diminuĂ dans le groupe expĂrimental (1,92 ± 0,75) par rapport au groupe tĂmoin (3,26 ± 0,65), p < 0,01 en particulier chez les malades recevant de la phĂnytoĂne ou du phĂnobarbital. La posologie moyenne du VPA n'Ătant pas significativement diffĂrente dans les deux groupes, les faits observĂs suggĂrent que l'addition d'autres antiĂpileptiques est capable de modifier le taux Ă l'Ăquilibre du VPA plasmatique en fonction de la dose administrĂe. RESUMEN Se analizaron los niveles estables de valproato en plasma (VPA) en 37 niĂos despuĂs de 6 semanas de terapia con VPA. Ventiseis pacientes recibĂan otros fĂrmacos ademĂs de VPA (grupo experimental) y once sĂlo tomaban VPA y sirvieron como controles. La dosis media de VPA no fue significativamente distinta en los dos grupos (grupo experimental: 35,4 mg/kg/dĂa, DS 11,6; grupo control: 31.1 mg/kg/dĂa, DS 6,6). El nivel plasmĂtico medio de VPA fue significativamente inferior en el grupo experimental (63,0 Îg/ml, DS 21,8) que en el control (99,3 Îg/ml, DS 23,3), p < 0,01. La relaciĂn nivel de VPA: dosis (LDR) estaba tambiĂn reducida en el grupo experimental (1,92, DS 0,75) al compararla con los controles (3,26, DS 0,65), p < 0,01. Dentro del grupo experimental los niveles de VPA y la LDR estaban significativamente reducidos en pacientes que tomaban fenitoĂna o fenobarbital. La dosis media no fue diferente entre los grupos experimental y control. Estos datos sugieren que la ingestiĂn de otros fĂrmacos alteran de modo significativo los niveles estables de VPA en relaciĂn con la dosis. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In steady-state befindliche Plasma Valproatspiegel (VPA) wurden bei 37 Kindern nach 6 wĂchiger VPA-Therapie analysiert. 26 Patienten erhielten zusĂtzlich zum VPA andere Antiepileptika (experimentelle Gruppe). 11 Patienten, die VPA alleine bekamen, dienten als Kontrollen. Die mittlere VPA-Dosis war in beiden Gruppen nicht signifikant Vunterschiedlich (experimentelle Gruppe 35,4 mg/kg pro Tag, 11,6 SD; Kontrollgruppe 31,1 mg/kg pro Tag, SD 6,6). Der mittlere Plasma VPA-Spiegel war signifikant niedriger in der experimentellen Gruppe (63,0 Îg/ml, SD 21,8) als in der Kontrollgruppe (99,3 Îg/m1, SD 23,3), p < 0.01. Das VerhĂltnis VPA-Spiegel: Dosis (LDR) war in der experimentellen Gruppe ebenfalls reduziert (1,92, SD 0,75) gegenuber der Kontrollgruppe (3,26, SD 0,65), p < 0.01. Innerhalb der experimentellen Gruppe waren die VPA-Spiegel und die VPA/LDR bei Patienten, die entweder Phenytoin oder Phenobarbital bekamen, signifikant erniedrigt. Die mittlere VPA-Dosis war nicht signifikant unterschiedlich in der experimentellen und in der Kontrollgruppe. Diese Daten lassen vermuten, daĂ andere Antiepileptika signifikanterweise den Steady-state-Spiegel im Hinblick auf die verabfolgte Dosis VPA Ăndern.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66058/1/j.1528-1157.1981.tb06154.x.pd
Effects of bromopride on the healing of left colon anastomoses of rats
Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da bromoprida sobre a formação de aderĂȘncias e a cicatrização de anastomoses de cĂłlon esquerdo de
ratos. MĂ©todos: Foram incluĂdos 40 ratos, divididos em dois grupos contendo 20 animais, para administração de bromoprida (grupo
de estudo- E) ou solução fisiológica (grupo controle- C). Cada grupo foi dividido em subgrupos contendo 10 animais cada, para
eutanåsia no terceiro (E3 e C3) ou no sétimo dia (E7 e C7) de pós-operatório. Os ratos foram submetidos à secção do cólon esquerdo
e anastomose tĂ©rmino-terminal. No dia da relaparotomia, foi avaliada a quantidade total de aderĂȘncias e removido um segmento
colÎnico contendo a anastomose para anålise histopatológica, da força de ruptura e da concentração de hidroxiprolina. Resultados:
NĂŁo houve diferença entre os grupos em relação Ă evolução clĂnica. Dois animais do grupo de estudo apresentaram deiscĂȘncia
de anastomose bloqueada. Os animais que receberam bromoprida apresentaram nĂșmero de aderĂȘncias intracavitĂĄrias e aderĂȘncias
Ă anastomose semelhantes ao grupo controle. As anastomoses dos animais do grupo E3 apresentaram menor resistĂȘncia de ruptura
do que as do grupo C3 (p=0,04). Este efeito não ocorreu no sétimo dia de pós-operatório (p=0,37). Não houve diferença significativa
entre os grupos em relação à histopatologia ou concentração de hidroxiprolina das anastomoses. Conclusão: O uso da bromoprida
estĂĄ associado Ă diminuição da resistĂȘncia tĂȘnsil de anastomoses do cĂłlon esquerdo de ratos no terceiro dia de pĂłs-operatĂłrio.Objective: To evaluate the effects of bromopride on the formation of adhesions and anastomotic healing in the left colon of rats.
Methods: We divided 40 rats into two groups of 20 animals, administration of bromopride (study group-E) or saline (control group-
C). Each group was divided into subgroups containing 10 animals each for euthanasia in the third (C3 and E3) or the seventh (E7 and
C7) postoperative days. The rats were submitted to section of the left colon and end-to-end anastomosis. On the day of reoperation,
we evaluated the total amount of adhesions and removed a colonic segment containing the anastomosis for histopathological
analysis, assessment of rupture strength and hydroxyproline concentration. Results: There was no difference between groups in
relation to clinical outcome. Two animals in the study group had blocked anastomotic leakage. The animals that received bromopride
had the number of intracavitary adhesions and adhesions to the anastomosis similar to the control group. The anastomoses from the
group E3 animals showed lower resistance to rupture the one from the C3 group (p = 0.04). This effect did not occur on the seventh
postoperative day (p = 0.37). There was no significant difference between groups in relation to histopathology and hydroxyproline
concentration in the anastomoses. Conclusion: The use of bromopride was associated with decreased tensile strength of left colon
anastomosis in rats in the third postoperative day
Sub-threshold depression and antidepressants use in a community sample: searching anxiety and finding bipolar disorder
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To determine the use of antidepressants (ADs) in people with sub-threshold depression (SD); the lifetime prevalence of mania and hypomania in SD and the link between ADs use, bipolarity and anxiety disorders in SD.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Study design: community survey. Study population: samples randomly drawn, after stratification from the adult population of municipal records. Sample size: 4999 people from seven areas within six Italian regions. Tools: Questionnaire on psychotropic drug consumption, prescription; Structured Clinical Interview NP for DSM-IV modified (ANTAS); Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D); Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ); Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). SD definition: HAM-D > 10 without lifetime diagnosis of Depressive Episode (DE).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>SD point prevalence is 5.0%. The lifetime prevalence of mania and hypomania episodes in SD is 7.3%. Benzodiazepines (BDZ) consumption in SD is 24.1%, followed by ADs (19.7%). In SD, positive for MDQ and comorbidity with Panic Disorder (PD) or Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD) are associated with ADs use, whereas the association between a positive MDQ and ADs use, without a diagnosis of PD or GAD, is not significant. Only in people with DE the well-being (SF-12) is higher among those using first-line antidepressants compared to those not using any medication. In people with SD no significant differences were found in terms of SF-12 score according to drug use.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study suggests caution in prescribing ADs to people with SD. In people with concomitant anxiety disorders and SD, it should be mandatory to perform a well-designed assessment and evaluate the presence of previous manic or hypomanic symptoms prior to prescribing ADs.</p
Residual effects of esmirtazapine on actual driving performance: overall findings and an exploratory analysis into the role of CYP2D6 phenotype
INTRODUCTION: Esmirtazapine is evaluated as a novel drug for treatment of insomnia. PURPOSE: The present study was designed to assess residual effects of single and repeated doses of esmirtazapine 1.5 and 4.5 mg on actual driving in 32 healthy volunteers in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Treatment with single doses of zopiclone 7.5 mg was included as active control. METHODS: Treatments were administered in the evening. Driving performance was assessed in the morning, 11 h after drug intake, in a standardized on-the-road highway driving test. The primary study parameter was standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP), a measure of "weaving". All subjects were subjected to CYP2D6 phenotyping in order to distinguish poor metabolizers from extensive metabolizers of esmirtazapine. RESULTS: Overall, esmirtazapine 1.5 mg did not produce any clinically relevant change in SDLP after single and repeated dosing. Driving impairment, i.e., a rise in SDLP, did occur after a single-dose administration of esmirtazapine 4.5 mg but was resolved after repeated doses. Acute driving impairment was more pronounced after both doses of esmirtazapine in a select group of poor metabolizers (Nâ=â7). A single-dose zopiclone 7.5 mg also increased SDLP as expected. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that single and repeated doses of 1.5 mg esmirtazapine are generally not associated with residual impairment. Single-dose administration of 4.5 mg esmirtazapine was associated with residual impairment that generally resolved after repeated administration. Exploratory analysis in a small group of poor CYP 2D6 metabolizers suggested that these subjects are more sensitive to the impairing effects of esmirtazapine on car driving
Search for the neutral Higgs bosons of the minimal supersymmetric standard model in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
A search for neutral Higgs bosons of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is reported. The analysis is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The data were recorded in 2011 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb-1 to 4.8 fb-1. Higgs boson decays into oppositely-charged muon or Ï lepton pairs are considered for final states requiring either the presence or absence of b-jets. No statistically significant excess over the expected background is observed and exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level are derived. The exclusion limits are for the production cross-section of a generic neutral Higgs boson, Ï, as a function of the Higgs boson mass and for h/A/H production in the MSSM as a function of the parameters mA and tan ÎČ in the mhmax scenario for mA in the range of 90GeV to 500 GeV. Copyright CERN
Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in âsNN=5.02ââTeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector
Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (ÎÏ) and pseudorapidity (Îη) are measured in âsNN=5.02ââTeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1ââÎŒb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ÎŁETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Îη|<5) ânear-sideâ (ÎÏâŒ0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ÎŁETPb. A long-range âaway-sideâ (ÎÏâŒÏ) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ÎŁETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Îη and ÎÏ) and ÎŁETPb dependence. The resultant ÎÏ correlation is approximately symmetric about Ï/2, and is consistent with a dominant cosâĄ2ÎÏ modulation for all ÎŁETPb ranges and particle pT
Measurement of the cross-section of high transverse momentum vector bosons reconstructed as single jets and studies of jet substructure in pp collisions at âs = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
This paper presents a measurement of the cross-section for high transverse momentum W and Z bosons produced in pp collisions and decaying to all-hadronic final states. The data used in the analysis were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of âs = 7 TeV;{\rm Te}{\rm V}4.6\;{\rm f}{{{\rm b}}^{-1}}{{p}_{{\rm T}}}\gt 320\;{\rm Ge}{\rm V}|\eta |\lt 1.9{{\sigma }_{W+Z}}=8.5\pm 1.7$ pb and is compared to next-to-leading-order calculations. The selected events are further used to study jet grooming techniques
Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV
The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of âs = 7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0. 4 or R=0. 6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pTâ„20 GeV and pseudorapidities {pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2. 5 % in the central calorimeter region ({pipe}η{pipe}<0. 8) for jets with 60â€pT<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for pT<30 GeV in the most forward region 3. 2â€{pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pT, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pT jets recoiling against a high-pT jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pT jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined. © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration
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