Vascular Fasciatherapy Danis Bois Method: a Study on Mechanism Concerning the Supporting Point Applied on Arteries

Background: A first study on vascular fasciatherapy enabled us to observe the turning of a turbulent blood flow into a laminar one, and a questioning on the process involved in this transformation emerged. The first question was: What is the nature of artery from the point of view of fascia? And a second question was: Which is the link permitting the observed process working in our first study? So this time, we are investigating a specific aspect of the big question that polarizes the interest of many researchers: “What is fascia?” Methods: Following Donald Ingber’s statement, “It is necessary to understand how tissues and organs are structured across multiple size scales”, our research methods have been established in order to collect information on what is artery and what is fascia. Concerning these two organs, we have questioned science across the scales of embryology, anatomy, histology and cytology. Beyond the knowledge on structure, the functional link between artery and fascia is the necessary complement of this study whose starting point is in fact a questioning on process. As an application of this study, vascular fasciatherapy Danis-Bois Method and mechanotransduction have been investigated in theoretical and in research aspects to improve the understanding of how they work. Results: The embryological approach points out a common origin and a histofunctional community of connective tissue and artery. As organs, arteries are sheathed by the adventia-fascia, and are penetrated by connective tissue extensions in media and intima. Furthermore, the functional point of view of this study reports the knowledge on mechanotransduction involving artery, both from the connective side and from the luminal side. Functional anatomy, surgery, histology, and cytology integrating the theory of the extended cytoskeleton, underline continuity from the static and functional points of view, with tensegrity being the architectural principle linking molecules to the entire body. Conclusion: By answering these questions, we are attempting a better understanding of the mechanisms occurring in the progress of the arterial supporting point. One could presume that it relaxes adventitia and media, locally and all along the arterial network. Its action could also extend inward to the intima and on blood, as well as outwards to the neighboring connective tissue. By its local and remote action, it may be useful when diseases associate general perturbations and arterial disorders, like in high blood pressure or in aging

Particles at oil–air surfaces : powdered oil, liquid oil marbles, and oil foam

The type of material stabilized by four kinds of fluorinated particles (sericite and bentonite platelet clays and spherical zinc oxide) in air–oil mixtures has been investigated. It depends on the particle wettability and the degree of shear. Upon vigorous agitation, oil dispersions are formed in all the oils containing relatively large bentonite particles and in oils of relatively low surface tension (γla < 26 mN m⁻¹) like dodecane, 20 cS silicone, and cyclomethicone containing the other fluorinated particles. Particle-stabilized oil foams were obtained in oils having γla > 26 mN m⁻¹ where the advancing air–oil–solid contact angle θ lies between ca. 90° and 120°. Gentle shaking, however, gives oil-in-air liquid marbles with all the oil–particle systems except for cases where θ is <60°. For oils of tension >24 mN m⁻¹ with omniphobic zinc oxide and sericite particles for which advancing θ ≥ 90°, dry oil powders consisting of oil drops in air which do not leak oil could be made upon gentle agitation up to a critical oil:particle ratio (COPR). Above the COPR, catastrophic phase inversion of the dry oil powders to air-in-oil foams was observed. When sheared on a substrate, the dry oil powders containing at least 60 wt % of oil release the encapsulated oil, making these materials attractive formulations in the cosmetic and food industries

MISA [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, 201

Assessing the uncertainties of model estimates of primary productivity in the tropical Pacific Ocean

Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2009. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Marine Systems 76 (2009): 113-133, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.05.010.Depth-integrated primary productivity (PP) estimates obtained from satellite ocean color based models (SatPPMs) and those generated from biogeochemical ocean general circulation models (BOGCMs) represent a key resource for biogeochemical and ecological studies at global as well as regional scales. Calibration and validation of these PP models are not straightforward, however, and comparative studies show large differences between model estimates. The goal of this paper is to compare PP estimates obtained from 30 different models (21 SatPPMs and 9 BOGCMs) to a tropical Pacific PP database consisting of ~1000 14C measurements spanning more than a decade (1983- 1996). Primary findings include: skill varied significantly between models, but performance was not a function of model complexity or type (i.e. SatPPM vs. BOGCM); nearly all models underestimated the observed variance of PP, specifically yielding too few low PP (< 0.2 gC m-2d-2) values; more than half of the total root-mean-squared model-data differences associated with the satellite-based PP models might be accounted for by uncertainties in the input variables and/or the PP data; and the tropical Pacific database captures a broad scale shift from low biomass-normalized productivity in the 1980s to higher biomass-normalized productivity in the 1990s, which was not successfully captured by any of the models. This latter result suggests that interdecadal and global changes will be a significant challenge for both SatPPMs and BOGCMs. Finally, average root-mean-squared differences between in situ PP data on the equator at 140°W and PP estimates from the satellite-based productivity models were 58% lower than analogous values computed in a previous PP model comparison six years ago. The success of these types of comparison exercises is illustrated by the continual modification and improvement of the participating models and the resulting increase in model skill.This research was supported by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Agency Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program (NNG06GA03G), as well as by numerous other grants to the various participating investigator

Net primary productivity estimates and environmental variables in the Arctic Ocean: An assessment of coupled physical-biogeochemical models

The relative skill of 21 regional and global biogeochemical models was assessed in terms of how well the models reproduced observed net primary productivity (NPP) and environmental variables such as nitrate concentration (NO3), mixed layer depth (MLD), euphotic layer depth (Zeu), and sea ice concentration, by comparing results against a newly updated, quality-controlled in situ NPP database for the Arctic Ocean (1959-2011). The models broadly captured the spatial features of integrated NPP (iNPP) on a pan-Arctic scale. Most models underestimated iNPP by varying degrees in spite of overestimating surface NO3, MLD, and Zeu throughout the regions. Among the models, iNPP exhibited little difference over sea ice condition (ice-free vs. ice-influenced) and bottom depth (shelf vs. deep ocean). The models performed relatively well for the most recent decade and towards the end of Arctic summer. In the Barents and Greenland Seas, regional model skill of surface NO3 was best associated with how well MLD was reproduced. . Regionally, iNPP was relatively well simulated in the Beaufort Sea and the central Arctic Basin, where in situ NPP is low and nutrients are mostly depleted. Models performed less well at simulating iNPP in the Greenland and Chukchi Seas, despite the higher model skill in MLD and sea ice concentration, respectively. iNPP model skill was constrained by different factors in different Arctic Ocean regions. Our study suggests that better parameterization of biological and ecological microbial rates (phytoplankton growth and zooplankton grazing) are needed for improved Arctic Ocean biogeochemical modeling

The changing carbon cycle of the coastal ocean

The carbon cycle of the coastal ocean is a dynamic component of the global carbon budget. But the diverse sources and sinks of carbon and their complex interactions in these waters remain poorly understood. Here we discuss the sources, exchanges and fates of carbon in the coastal ocean and how anthropogenic activities have altered the carbon cycle. Recent evidence suggests that the coastal ocean may have become a net sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide during post-industrial times. Continued human pressures in coastal zones will probably have an important impact on the future evolution of the coastal ocean's carbon budget

La communication scientifique et technique par les outils graphiques de 1750 à 1850 dans le contexte de la Bretagne

This study focuses on the evolution and use of graphic tools in the relation between conceivers and makers of technical objects and systems. It is based on an analysis of technical and scientific publications and books dealing with areas of activity such as shipbuilding, civil architecture and mechanics. A study of that material published around 1750 to 1850 leads to considerations about perspective, so called bird's views, descriptive geometry and orthogonal projections. Design in the mechanical arts has been studied for the part it plays as a mean of information, for its relevance in the description of the work on technical objects and technical systems. Initially restricted to the context of Brittany, such considerations have been extended to the whole country, the language so studied being of universal value and it could not be restricted within geographic boundaries. In order to give to the study a sharper focus, the international dimension has however been deliberately overlooked. The multidisciplinary character of technical design has been pointed out, as well as the demands implied in its implementation. Technical design is indeed connected to applied mechanics, physics, geometry, and so on...The transcription of technical projects on blueprints becomes then a tool for the transmission of scientific and technical knowledge as well as of technical know-how. It is made use of by scholars and engineers in various areas of traditional and industrial production. The design is part of the contract between conceiver and maker. The evolution of the designer's art, with its underlying scientific and technical knowledge will also be touched upon here. Because of the extension of the areas of human production, it will be necessary to set up the training of the people involved, at all levels of skills. This study takes us to the threshold of the Golden age of technical design between 1750 and 1850, a prelude to the age of research consultancy with its now ubiquitous computerized environmentCette recherche porte sur l'usage des outils graphiques et leur évolution dans les relations entre concepteurs et constructeurs d'objets et de systèmes techniques. Elle prend appui sur une analyse de publications et d'ouvrages scientifiques et techniques relatifs à des domaines d'activité tels que l'architecture navale, l'architecture civile, et la mécanique.L'étude de ces ouvrages édités entre 1750 et 1850 conduit aux développements de points de vue concernant le dessin à vue d'objet, la perspective, la géométrie descriptive et les projections orthogonales. L'architecture navale est choisie afin de tenter de cerner la place du dessin technique dans ses fonctions de description et de construction. Quant au dessin lié aux arts mécaniques, il est étudié dans ses rôles d'information, de description, de fonctionnement et de réalisation d'objets et de systèmes techniques. Les réflexions, initialement ciblées dans le contexte breton, ont vite porté sur l'espace national ; le langage étudié, par son caractère universel, ne s'accommodant pas de frontière géographique. Afin de limiter les risques d'une dispersion des recherches, la dimension internationale a été volontairement écartée.Il est fait état du caractère pluridisciplinaire du dessin technique et de ses exigences pour sa mise en œuvre, étant entendu qu'il constitue un carrefour avec mécanique appliquée, sciences physiques, géométrie, etc. Cette transcription sur plans de projets techniques est alors, à son tour, outil de transmission des connaissances scientifiques et technologiques et de savoir-faire technique, procédé régulièrement retenu par les savants et ingénieurs des divers domaines de productions artisanales ou industrielles. Le dessin est pièce d'un contrat associant concepteur et constructeur.Il est bien question de l'évolution du trait du dessinateur avec les connaissances scientifiques et techniques sous-jacentes dont il est porteur. Son art qui, en raison de l'extension des domaines de production humaine, demandera que se mette en place une formation des acteurs aux différents niveaux de qualification. Cette étude mène au seuil de l'âge d'or du dessin technique, estimé se situer entre 1850 et 1970, espace qui nous ferait alors entrer dans les bureaux d'étude où s'installent les outils informatiques dont l'usage est aujourd'hui généralisé

L'évolution du financement public sur l'activité de recherche des PME-PMI

[eng] The paper aims at characterizing the relationships between Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) officially acting in research and development activity, and public research support. These relationships are characterized in the long run. It allows to show us the evolution of these enterprises and of French public support devoted to research and development. One essential characteristic of this evolution lies in the decrease of public support devoted to large mission-oriented research programmes which goes hand in hand with the increase of diffusion-oriented incentives schemes, namely « incentives programmes ». The latter play an important role especially to favour the entry of new SMEs in that panel. However, these SMEs also capture to a significant extent public support devoted to French defense policy and to French large mission-oriented research programmes. [fre] Cet article a pour objet de caractériser les modes de relations entre un panel particulier d'entreprises, les PME/PMI déclarant se livrer à une activité de recherche, et les financements publics concernant le soutien à la recherche et à l'innovation plus largement. L'évolution de ces modes de relations est décrite sur longue période et permet de témoigner de fortes évolutions dans cette population ainsi que dans le recours aux aides publiques : la progressive substitution des financements publics de type « grands programmes » par des financements de type « incitatifs » est la caractéristique la plus intéressante. Ces derniers jouent un rôle d'accompagnement important lors de l'entrée de nouvelles PME/PMI dans le panel. Néanmoins, ces PME/PMI utilisent aussi de façon significative des financements de types « grands programmes » et « défense ».