DIFFERENTIATION OF ARBOREAL VEGETATION IN THREE SECTORS OF A FOREST FRAGMENT RELATED TO ITS HISTORICAL DISTURBANCES

A fragmenta\ue7\ue3o florestal \ue9 um dos principais agentes de redu\ue7\ue3o da biodiversidade, interferindo diretamente nos processos ecol\uf3gicos da comunidade arb\uf3rea. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar par\ue2metros de diversidade, estrutura e composi\ue7\ue3o em tr\ueas setores de um remanescente florestal com hist\uf3ricos distintos de perturba\ue7\uf5es. A vegeta\ue7\ue3o arb\uf3rea foi avaliada em 24 parcelas de 10 7 10 m, amostrando um total de 1228 indiv\uedduos vivos. Foram quantificados o \uedndice de diversidade de Shannon, a equabilidade de Pielou e os estimadores jackknife de primeira e segunda ordem. Os indiv\uedduos amostrados foram distribu\ueddos em classes de di\ue2metro e o valor de import\ue2ncia (VI) foi calculado para as esp\ue9cies. Foi tamb\ue9m realizada uma An\ue1lise de Correspond\ueancia Retificada (DCA) para verificar se h\ue1 distin\ue7\ue3o entre os tr\ueas setores. Constatou-se que o setor onde ocorreu corte raso e queima da vegeta\ue7\ue3o possui maior abund\ue2ncia e riqueza, por\ue9m, tem a pior equabilidade, o que condiz com os efeitos das perturba\ue7\uf5es, corroborado tamb\ue9m pela distribui\ue7\ue3o nas classes diam\ue9tricas e pelas esp\ue9cies de maior VI. O setor que n\ue3o possui perturba\ue7\uf5es e que est\ue1 situado em um local com maior variedade de ambientes apresentou diversidade, estrutura e composi\ue7\ue3o condizentes com estas situa\ue7\uf5es. J\ue1 o outro setor, que n\ue3o sofreu corte raso, est\ue1 submetido ao pisoteio pelo gado e \ue9 ambientalmente semelhante ao primeiro setor, apresenta par\ue2metros condizentes com a aus\ueancia de perturba\ue7\uf5es severas. Por outro lado, a menor diversidade ambiental tamb\ue9m o diferencia, o que o coloca em uma situa\ue7\ue3o intermedi\ue1ria.Forest fragmentation is one of the main causes of biodiversity loss, directly affecting the ecological processes. This study aimed to evaluate tree diversity, structure, and composition parameters in three sectors of a forest fragment with distinct disturbance records. The arboreal vegetation was evaluated in twenty-four 10 7 10 m plots, sampling a total of 1,228 living individuals. We calculated Shanon\u2019s diversity index, Pielou\u2019s equability, and jackknife estimators of first and second orders. The sampled individuals were distributed in diameter classes and the importance value (VI) was calculated for each species. It was made a Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) to verify whether there were significant distinctions between the sectors. It was noticed that the sector where there was clear cutting and vegetation burning in a recent past had higher abundance and richness but also the worst equability. That corresponds to the effects of perturbation as confirmed by the tree diameters and the presence of species of greater importance value. The sector that had no record of disturbance, situated in a location with greater variety of microenvironments, presented diversity, structure, and composition consistent with a no disturbance scenario. The other sector, which did not have clear cutting, was subjected to cattle trampling presented ecological parameters consistent with the absence of major disturbances. On the other hand, this third sector had the smallest environmental diversity, which puts this last sector in an intermediate situation

Structural and environmental variations in a continuum of gallery forest/savana stricto sensu in Itumirim, MG

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, verificar as poss?veis correla??es entre as varia??es da estrutura, da diversidade de esp?cies e de varia??es do substrato num compartimento arb?reo em um cont?nuo de Mata de Galeria/Cerrado stricto sensu em Itumirim, sul de Minas Gerais. Os solos das ?reas de Mata de Galeria, transi??o e Cerrado stricto sensu apresentaram textura m?dia, acidez elevada com pH entre 4,5 e 5,0 e altos teores de alum?nio. O levantamento estrutural em todo o fragmento apresentou 1.347 indiv?duos que se distribu?ram em 39 fam?lias, 77 g?neros e 102 esp?cies. A fam?lia Fabaceae destacou-se pela maior riqueza de esp?cies seguida das fam?lias Myrtaceae, Lauraceae e Rubiaceae. As esp?cies Protium spruceanum e Myrsine umbellata foram superiores em todos os par?metros fitossociol?gicos, respectivamente, para as ?reas de Mata de Galeria e Cerrado stricto sensu. Na ?rea de transi??o, a esp?cie Copaifera langsdorffii obteve os maiores valores de ?rea basal e domin?ncia absoluta; j?, com rela??o ? densidade absoluta e valor de cobertura foi a esp?cie Myrsine umbellata. Os ?ndices de diversidade de Shannon (H') e os ?ndices de equabilidade de Pielou (J') para os tr?s ambientes foram de 3,57, 3,51 e 2,58 e 0,79, 0,88 e 0,77, respectivamente, para as ?reas de Mata de Galeria, transi??o e Cerrado stricto sensu. Por meio da an?lise de correspond?ncia retificada (DCA) observaram-se dois agrupamentos no diagrama da DCA: Agrupamento 1, contendo apenas as tr?s parcelas pertencentes ao Cerrado stricto sensu; Agrupamento 2, reunindo as demais parcelas amostradas abrangendo os ambientes de Mata de Galeria e transi??o.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)This work verified the possible correlations among the variations of the strucuture, species diversity and variations of the substrate in a tree compartment in a continuum of Gallery Forest/Savana stricto sensu in Itumirim, southern of Minas Gerais. The soils of the areas of Gallery Forest, Transition Forest and Savana stricto sensu presented medium structure, high acidity with pH between 4.5 and 5.0 and high aluminum contents. The structural survey all over the patch presented 1,347 individuals distributed into 39 families, 77 genera and 102 species. The family Fabaceae stood out by the greatest richness of species followed by the families Myrtaceae, Lauraceae and Rubiaceae. The species Protium spruceanum and Myrsine umbellata were superior in all the phytosociological parameters, respectively, for all the areas of Gallery Forest and Savana stricto sensu. In the area of transition , the species Copaifera langsdorffii reached the highest values of basal area and absolute dominance; however, as regards to absolute density and cover value was the species Myrsine umbellata. Shannon's diversity indices (H') and Pielou's equatibility index (J') for the three places were of 3,57, 3,51 and 2,58 and 0,79, 0,88 and 0,77, respectively, for the areas of Gallery Forest, transition Forest and Savana stricto sensu. Through the rectified correspondence analysis (DCA), two groupings in the DCA diagram were found: grouping 1 containing only the three plots corresponding to the Savana stricto sensu; and grouping 2 joining together the other plots sampled encompassing the sites of Gallery and transition Forest

ALLOMETRY AND ARCHITECTURE OF Copaifera langsdorffii (Desf.) Kuntze (FABACEAE) IN NEOTROPICAL PHYSIOGNOMIES IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar padr\uf5es alom\ue9tricos e fei\ue7\uf5es arquiteturais de Copaifera langsdorffii em diferentes fisionomias de uma regi\ue3o de tens\ue3o ecol\uf3gica. As fisionomias de floresta, corredor, cerrado e cerrado rupestre foram estudadas nos munic\uedpios de Lavras e Carrancas, sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram estudadas as rela\ue7\uf5es entre di\ue2metro do tronco, altura, \ue1rea da copa, grau de deflex\ue3o e deslocamento relativo da copa, sendo analisado o grau de semelhan\ue7a, entre as fisionomias, por meio de regress\uf5es e an\ue1lise covari\ue2ncia. Foi realizada uma an\ue1lise de componentes principais (PCA) com vari\ue1veis biom\ue9tricas coletadas e morfom\ue9tricas calculadas, para caracteriza\ue7\ue3o de grupos mais homog\ueaneos que evidenciem a plasticidade morfol\uf3gica da esp\ue9cie e suas diferentes estrat\ue9gias e investimento em recursos. Como resultado das an\ue1lises de regress\ue3o e covari\ue2ncia, encontraram-se padr\uf5es distintos, principalmente entre as fisionomias de floresta e cerrado, das fisionomias de cerrado rupestre e corredor. Um padr\ue3o de crescimento com maior investimento em altura na floresta, objetivando a garantia de espa\ue7o no dossel, e outro mais ligado ao crescimento horizontal da copa, nas fisionomias de cerrado rupestre e corredor. A PCA apresentou um gradiente de plasticidade morfol\uf3gica para a esp\ue9cie. A fisionomia de floresta apresentou maiores valores de altura total, largura de copa e di\ue2metro do tronco, e a fisionomia de cerrado rupestre mostrou valores mais elevados de grau de deflex\ue3o da copa (assimetria). O cerrado e o corredor formaram uma transi\ue7\ue3o entre floresta e cerrado rupestre, no gradiente de fei\ue7\uf5es morfol\uf3gicas da esp\ue9cie nas fisionomias.This study examined allometric patterns and architectural features of Copaifera langsdorffii , in different physiognomies in a region of ecological tension. The forest, corridor, \u2018cerrado\u2019, and rocky cerrado physiognomies were studied in the districts of Lavras and Carrancas, south of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The relationships between stem diameter, height, crown area, degrees of deflection and relative displacement were analyzed, as well as the degree of similarity between the physiognomies by means of regressions and covariance analysis. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed with the collected biometric and calculated morphometric variables to characterize the most homogeneous groups which show the morphological plasticity of the species and their different strategies and resources investment. As a result of the regression and covariance analysis, two distinct patterns were found mainly between forest and \u2018cerrado\u2019 physiognomies from rocky cerrado and corridor physiognomies. It was found a pattern of growth through higher investment in height in the forest, aiming to guarantee space in the canopy, and a more connected to the horizontal growth of the crown, in the rocky \u2018cerrado\u2019 and corridor. The PCA showed a gradient of morphological plasticity for the species. The forest physiognomy presented higher values of total height, crown width and stem diameter, while the rocky \u2018cerrado\u2019 physiognomy presented higher degrees of deflection of the crown (asymmetry). The \u2018cerrado\u2019 and the corridor formed a transition between forest and rocky \u2018cerrado\u2019 for the gradient of morphological features of the studied species in these physiognomies

PLANT SPECIES POTENTIALS OF RECOVERY AREAS WITH INTERFERENCE OF BAUXITE MINING IN ALTITUDE FIELDS IN PO\uc7OS DE CALDAS REGION, MG STATE

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento das principais esp\ue9cies provenientes de prop\ue1gulos na camada superficial do solo sobre minas de bauxita, em \u201cCampos de Altitude de Mata Atl\ue2ntica\u201d, como forma de sugerir esp\ue9cies potenciais para recupera\ue7\ue3o de \ue1reas degradadas. Foram realizadas amostragens dos cinco primeiros cent\uedmetros de substratos contendo o material propagativo da \ue1rea. As amostras foram acompanhadas em viveiro e realizou-se a contagem da emerg\ueancia de plantas a cada 24 horas, sendo identificados os indiv\uedduos no final do experimento. Foram calculados os \uedndices de abund\ue2ncia e diversidade. Neste estudo, tr\ueas das esp\ue9cies de maior ocorr\ueancia foram comuns nos dois per\uedodos (seco e chuvoso): Ageratum fastigiatum , Echinolaena inflexa e Borreria latifolia . O valor do \ucdndice de Shannon (H\u2019) encontrado para as esp\ue9cies provenientes da camada superficial do solo em vegeta\ue7\ue3o de \u201cCampos de Altitude de Mata Atl\ue2ntica\u201d no per\uedodo seco correspondeu a 2,79 nats.ind-1 e 2,23 nats.ind-1 no per\uedodo chuvoso. J\ue1 a equabilidade de Pielou (J\u2019) observada para o per\uedodo seco foi igual a 0,72 e 0,63 para o per\uedodo chuvoso. A similaridade entre os dois per\uedodos foi de 0,36. Comparando a vari\ue1vel resposta, n\ufamero de indiv\uedduos entre os dois per\uedodos, identificou-se diferen\ue7a estat\uedstica com maior m\ue9dia para o per\uedodo seco. De acordo com as condi\ue7\uf5es que este trabalho foi realizado, \ue9 poss\uedvel afirmar que existem esp\ue9cies com potencial para recupera\ue7\ue3o de \ue1reas mineradas em vegeta\ue7\ue3o de Campos de Altitude. Portanto, sugere-se que sejam realizados estudos complementares de ecologia dessas esp\ue9cies e de tecnologia de sementes como forma de fundamentar a aplica\ue7\ue3o desses conhecimentos em pr\ue1ticas de recupera\ue7\ue3o de \ue1reas mineradas.The objective of this work was to perform a survey of the main species derived from the propagules present on the topsoil over bauxite mines in \u201cAltitude Fields in Atlantic Forest\u201d, as a form to suggest potential species for recovering degraded areas. Samples were taken from the first five centimeters of substrate containing the area propagative material. The samples were housed in a nursery where we counted the plant emergences every 24 hours, identifying the individuals at the end. The abundance and diversity indexes were calculated. In this study, three of the higher occurrence species were common in both periods (dry and rainy): Ageratum fastigiatum , Echinolaena inflexa and Borreria latifolia . The value found for the Shannon Index (H\u2019) for the species derived from propagules on the topsoil in vegetation in the altitude fields in Atlantic Forest during the dry period were of 2.79 nats.ind-1 and during the rainy period was of 2.23 nats. ind-1. Pielou\u2019s equability observed for the dry period was of 0.72 and for the rainy period was of 0.63. The similarity between both periods was of 0.36. Comparing the response variable number of individuals between both periods, we identified a statistical difference with a larger mean for the dry period. According to the conditions this work was performed in, it is possible to ascertain that there are species with potential to recover mined areas in vegetation in altitude fields. Therefore, we suggest that ecology complementary studies are performed on these species and seed technology as a way to fundament the application of this knowledge in mined area recovery practices

STRUCTURE AND DIVERSITY OF THE TREE COMUNITY OF A UPPER HIGHLANDS FOREST ON THE PLATEAU OF PO\uc7OS DE CALDAS, MG STATE

Foi realizado o levantamento da comunidade arb\uf3rea de uma floresta tropical superomontana, situada na Serra de S\ue3o Domingos, no planalto de Po\ue7os de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brasil (altitude de 1.200 m a 1.575 m; 21\ub046'25\u201dS, 46'24\u201d10\u201dW), com o objetivo de avaliar as varia\ue7\uf5es estruturais e vari\ue1veis ambientais relacionadas. Foram analisados aspectos da estrutura fision\uf4mica (densidade, \ue1rea basal e distribui\ue7\ue3o de tamanho das \ue1rvores) e comunit\ue1ria (composi\ue7\ue3o, distribui\ue7\ue3o e diversidade de esp\ue9cies). Foram alocadas 22 parcelas de 5 x 100 m no fragmento para amostragem dos indiv\uedduos arb\uf3reos com di\ue2metro \ue0 altura do peito (DAP) 655 cm, e coleta de dados topogr\ue1ficos e amostras de solo superficial (0-20 cm) para an\ue1lises qu\uedmicas e texturais. Foram registradas 53 fam\uedlias bot\ue2nicas, 104 g\ueaneros, 178 esp\ue9cies e 1963 indiv\uedduos, assim como tr\ueas subgrupos de solos: Neossolos Lit\uf3licos, Cambissolos e Argissolos (distr\uf3ficos e eutr\uf3ficos), distribu\ueddos ao longo da varia\ue7\ue3o altitudinal do fragmento. Uma an\ue1lise de correspond\ueancia can\uf4nica revelou um gradiente de distribui\ue7\ue3o das esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas principalmente correlacionada com as varia\ue7\uf5es altitudinais, o teor de Magn\ue9sio (Mg++) e satura\ue7\ue3o por alum\uednio (m).A survey of the tree community of a ombrophilous upper montane forest, situated in Po\ue7os de Caldas, Brazil (1200-1575 m of altitude; 21\ub046'25\u201dS, 46'24\u201d10\u201dW) was carried out in order to assess its environmental and structural variation. The physiognomic (density, basal area and distribution of size of the trees) and community structure (composition, distribution and diversity of species) were analyzed through 22 plots of 5 x 100 m, where the tree individuals with diameter at breast height 655 cm were sampled. The topographic variables were measured and the surface soil samples were collected to obtain their chemical and texture attributes. The survey resulted in 53 botanic families, 104 genera, 178 species and 1963 individuals, as well as four soil classes: distrofic and eutrofic Argisoil, Cambisoil and Litolic Neosoil, distributed sequentially from the hilltop to the base of the fragment. The canonic correspondence analyses showed a gradient of tree species distribution mainly correlated with variations of quotas, magnesium content (Mg++) and aluminum saturation (m)

Measurement of charged particle spectra in minimum-bias events from proton-proton collisions at root s =13 TeV

Pseudorapidity, transverse momentum, and multiplicity distributions are measured in the pseudorapidity range vertical bar eta vertical bar 0.5 GeV in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s = 13 TeV. Measurements are presented in three different event categories. The most inclusive of the categories corresponds to an inelastic pp data set, while the other two categories are exclusive subsets of the inelastic sample that are either enhanced or depleted in single diffractive dissociation events. The measurements are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo event generators used to describe high-energy hadronic interactions in collider and cosmic-ray physics.Peer reviewe

Second asymptomatic carotid surgery trial (ACST-2) : a randomised comparison of carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy

Background: Among asymptomatic patients with severe carotid artery stenosis but no recent stroke or transient cerebral ischaemia, either carotid artery stenting (CAS) or carotid endarterectomy (CEA) can restore patency and reduce long-term stroke risks. However, from recent national registry data, each option causes about 1% procedural risk of disabling stroke or death. Comparison of their long-term protective effects requires large-scale randomised evidence. Methods: ACST-2 is an international multicentre randomised trial of CAS versus CEA among asymptomatic patients with severe stenosis thought to require intervention, interpreted with all other relevant trials. Patients were eligible if they had severe unilateral or bilateral carotid artery stenosis and both doctor and patient agreed that a carotid procedure should be undertaken, but they were substantially uncertain which one to choose. Patients were randomly allocated to CAS or CEA and followed up at 1 month and then annually, for a mean 5 years. Procedural events were those within 30 days of the intervention. Intention-to-treat analyses are provided. Analyses including procedural hazards use tabular methods. Analyses and meta-analyses of non-procedural strokes use Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN21144362. Findings: Between Jan 15, 2008, and Dec 31, 2020, 3625 patients in 130 centres were randomly allocated, 1811 to CAS and 1814 to CEA, with good compliance, good medical therapy and a mean 5 years of follow-up. Overall, 1% had disabling stroke or death procedurally (15 allocated to CAS and 18 to CEA) and 2% had non-disabling procedural stroke (48 allocated to CAS and 29 to CEA). Kaplan-Meier estimates of 5-year non-procedural stroke were 2·5% in each group for fatal or disabling stroke, and 5·3% with CAS versus 4·5% with CEA for any stroke (rate ratio [RR] 1·16, 95% CI 0·86-1·57; p=0·33). Combining RRs for any non-procedural stroke in all CAS versus CEA trials, the RR was similar in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (overall RR 1·11, 95% CI 0·91-1·32; p=0·21). Interpretation: Serious complications are similarly uncommon after competent CAS and CEA, and the long-term effects of these two carotid artery procedures on fatal or disabling stroke are comparable

The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC

International audienc

Energy calibration and resolution of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter in pp collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV

The energy calibration and resolution of the electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of the CMS detector have been determined using proton-proton collision data from LHC operation in 2010 and 2011 at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s)=7 TeV with integrated luminosities of about 5 inverse femtobarns. Crucial aspects of detector operation, such as the environmental stability, alignment, and synchronization, are presented. The in-situ calibration procedures are discussed in detail and include the maintenance of the calibration in the challenging radiation environment inside the CMS detector. The energy resolution for electrons from Z-boson decays is better than 2% in the central region of the ECAL barrel (for pseudorapidity abs(eta)<0.8) and is 2-5% elsewhere. The derived energy resolution for photons from 125 GeV Higgs boson decays varies across the barrel from 1.1% to 2.6% and from 2.2% to 5% in the entraps. The calibration of the absolute energy is determined from Z to e+e- decays to a precision of 0.4% in the barrel and 0.8% in the endcaps