Lidar signal simulation for the evaluation of aerosols in chemistry transport models

International audienceWe present an adaptable tool, the OPTSIM (OPTical properties SIMulation) software, for the simulation of optical properties and lidar attenuated backscattered profiles (beta') from aerosol concentrations calculated by chemistry transport models (CTM). It was developed to model both Level 1 observations and Level 2 aerosol lidar retrievals in order to compare model results to measurements: the level 2 enables to estimate the main properties of aerosols plume structures, but may be limited due to specific assumptions. The level 1, originally developed for this tool, gives access to more information about aerosols properties (beta') requiring, at the same time, less hypothesis on aerosols types. In addition to an evaluation of the aerosol loading and optical properties, active remote sensing allows the analysis of aerosols' vertical structures. An academic case study for two different species (black carbon and dust) is presented and shows the consistency of the simulator. Illustrations are then given through the analysis of dust events in the Mediterranean region during the summer 2007. These are based on simulations by the CHIMERE regional CTM and observations from the CALIOP space-based lidar, and highlight the potential of this approach to evaluate the concentration, size and vertical structure of the aerosol plumes

Cancer immunotherapy

Tumor cells are recognized by the immune system, which controls the growth of some immunogenic tumors. Cancer immunotherapy is based on the stimulation of this natural defence against cancer. The use of recombinant cytokines (IL-2, IFN!…) and especially of antibodies has demonstrated the clinical efficacy of this approach. New immunotherapeutic strategies are being developed, based on the induction of anti-tumor T lymphocytes by cancer vaccines. The optimization of these vaccines is based on their validation in relevant preclinical and clinical models (spontaneous tumors in rodents and carnivore), on their association withmolecules able to inhibit the resistancemechanisms of tumours to immunotherapy, and on more clearly defined clinical indications.Des cellules tumorales peuvent être reconnues par le système immunitaire qui contrôle le développement de certaines tumeurs. L'immunothérapie anti-tumorale consiste à stimuler cette immunité naturelle contre les cancers. L'emploi de cytokines recombinantes (IL-2, IFNα...) et surtout d'anticorps a permis de démontrer l'efficacité clinique de cette approche. De nouvelles stratégies d'immunothérapie reposant sur l'induction de lymphocytes T anti-tumoraux par des vaccins sont en cours de développement. L'optimisation de ces vaccins repose sur leur validation dans des modèles cliniques pertinents (tumeurs spontanées des rongeurs et des carnivores), sur leur association à des molécules permettant de lever des mécanismes de résistance de la tumeur à l'immunothérapie et sur des indications cliniques mieux définies de ces vaccins

Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs

Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Chronobiologie et régulation cardiovasculaire (place de la mélatonine et du monoxyde d'azote)

TOURS-BU Sciences Pharmacie (372612104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Analyse de l'effet du sunitinib sur les lymphocytes T régulateurs de patients atteints d'un cancer du rein métastatique

CHATENAY M.-PARIS 11-BU Pharma. (920192101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Nouvelles approches thérapeutiques d'inhibition des lymphocytes T régulateurs reposant sur l'utilisation d'un antiangiogénique ou d'un antagoniste de CCR4

PARIS5-BU Méd.Cochin (751142101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Influence of litter size on metabolic status and reproductive axis in primiparous sows

International audienc

Elevage des truies gestantes en groupe : acquis et perspectives de recherches

National audienc

Elevage des truies gestantes en groupe : acquis et perspectives de recherches

National audienc