DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE FUNCTIONING OF MULTI-ANTENNA RADIO COMMUNICATIONS WITH SPECTRALLY EFFECTIVE SIGNALS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DESTABILIZING FACTORS

The necessity of developing a mathematical model for the functioning of multi-antenna radio communication facilities with spectrally effective signals under the influence of destabilizing factors has been substantiated. The results of the study of the influence of destabilizing factors on the multi-antenna systems with spectrally effective signals are presented. New analytical dependences have been obtained, which make it possible to calculate the effect of destabilizing factors on the efficiency of multi-antenna system with spectrally effective signals. Object of research: development of a mathematical model of the functioning of multi-antenna radio communication facilities with spectrally effective signals under the influence of destabilizing factors. Investigated problem: taking into account additional destabilizing factors on the multi-antenna of a radio communication facility with spectrally effective signals. Main scientific results: when transmitting information in multi-antenna radio communication systems with spectrally effective signals, the following are taken into account: Type of parameters of deliberate interference, type and parameters of deliberate fading, type and parameters of security code structures, phase jitter, slope of the constellation matrix, Intersymbol interference, high mobility of objects (transmitter and receiver), the number of receiving and transmitting antennas, the number of subcarriers in the antenna channel. It has been established that taking into account all the parameters in the system makes it possible to assess the state of the channel, to develop measures to reduce the negative influence of destabilizing factors on the noise immunity of multi-antenna systems. A review of the practical use of research results: radio communication facilities with programmable architecture. Innovative technologies product: technology for substantiating the architecture of transceivers, software for programmable radio equipment, which can increase the noise immunity of radio communications, taking into account additional destabilizing factors and software for radio monitoring equipment. Overview of an innovative technological product: programmable radios, software for radio communications

Розробка методики підвищення завадозахищеності багатоантенних систем зі спектрально-ефективними сигналами спеціального призначення в умовах впливу дестабілізуючих факторів

The object of research is multi-antenna systems with spectrally efficient special purpose signals. The problematic issue, the solution of which is devoted to this research, is the improvement of immunity to interference of multi-antenna systems with spectrally efficient special purpose signals. A technique for improving the immunity of multi-antenna systems with spectrally efficient special-purpose signals under the influence of destabilizing factors has been developed. A distinctive feature of the proposed methodology is the use of an improved pre-coding procedure, evaluation of the channel state of multi-antenna radio communication systems with spectrally efficient signals by several indicators. The improved channel state estimation procedure consists in estimating channel bit error probability, channel state frequency response, and channel state impulse response. The formation of an estimate of the channel state for each of the assessment indicators takes place on a separate layer of the neural network using the apparatus of fuzzy sets, after which a generalized estimate is formed at the output of the neural network. The novelty of the proposed method also consists in the use of an improved procedure for forecasting the channel state of multi-antenna systems with spectrally efficient signals. The essence of the proposed procedure is the use of fuzzy cognitive models and an artificial neural network to predict the state of the channels of multi-antenna systems with spectrally efficient signals. Based on the results of the research, it was established that the proposed method allows to increase the immunity of multi-antenna systems with spectrally efficient signals according to the 8×8 scheme and 64 subcarriers by 20–25 % compared to the known ones.Об’єктом дослідження є багатоантенні системи зі спектрально-ефективними сигналами спеціального призначення. Проблемним питанням, вирішенню якого присвячено дане дослідження, є підвищення завадозахищеності багатоантенних систем зі спектрально-ефективними сигналами спеціального призначення. Розроблено методику підвищення завадозахищеності багатоантенних систем зі спектрально-ефективними сигналами спеціального призначення в умовах впливу дестабілізуючих факторів. Відмінна особливість запропонованої методики полягає в використанні удосконаленої процедури попереднього кодування, оцінці стану каналу багатоантенних систем радіозв’язку зі спектрально-ефективними сигналами за декількома показниками. Удосконалена процедура оцінки стану каналу полягає в оцінці ймовірності бітової помилки каналу, частотної характеристики стану каналу та імпульсної характеристики стану каналу. Формування оцінки стану каналу по кожному з показників оцінки відбувається на окремому шарі нейронної мережі з використанням апарату нечітких множин, після чого на виході нейронної мережі формується узагальнена оцінка. Новизна запропонованої методики полягає також в використанні удосконаленої процедури прогнозування стану каналу багатоантенних систем зі спектрально-ефективними сигналами. Сутність запропонованої процедури полягає в використанні нечітких когнітивних моделей та штучної нейронної мережі для прогнозування стану каналів багатоантенних систем зі спектрально-ефективними сигналами. За результатами дослідження встановлено, що запропонована методика дозволяє підвищити завадозахищеність систем багатоантенних систем зі спектрально ефективними сигналами за схемою 8×8 та 64 піднесучими при на 20−25 % у порівнянні з відомим

Theoretical Description for Omeprazole Cathodical Electrochemical Determination, Assisted by Omeprazole Electrochemical Determination, Assisted by the Composite Poly(1,2,4-triazole) – VO(OH)

Abstract: In this work, we describe theoretically the possibility of omeprazole electrochemical determination, assisted by the composite containing vanadium oxyhydroxide as an active substance and the polymer of 1,2,4-triazolic derivative as a mediator. The omeprazole molecule undergoes a sulfoxide to sulfide reduction process over a trivalent vanadium compound. The vanadium oxyhydroxide, at its turn, may be oxidized to a tetravalent state, represented in two forms. The electroanalytical process behavior will be illustrated by a trivariate equation-set, analysis of which confirms the efficiency of the composite of poly (1,2,4-triazole) with VO(OH). Vanadium (III) oxyhydroxide may be efficiently used for omeprazole detection both in pharmaceutical formulations, food, and biological liquids

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe