Farklı süre ve sıcaklıklarda çözdürülen boğa spermalarının morfolojik fonksiyonlarının CASA cihazı ile değerlendirmesi

Thawing condition is one the most important factors affecting the re-animation of the spermatozoon in order to fertilise the oocyte. For that matter, we aimed to evaluate the morphological features of the head and midpiece of cryopreserved spermatozoa thawed at different temperatures and for various durations, with using CASA (Computer aided sperm analyser). Frozen semen samples belonging to the same batch, collected from three different bulls were grouped as; control group thawed for 20 seconds at 37 ℃; and experimental groups were thawed for 30, 40, 50 and 60 s at 25 ℃ and 37 ℃; for 10, 15, 20 and 25 s at 40 ℃; for 3, 6, 9, 12 s at 70 ℃. Morphometrical features of the samples were evaluated by using CASA system with nine repetitions. As a result, straws thawed at 25℃ for 40 s had the highest average length of head (6.22 ± 0.09 μm), and the width of midpiece (0.68 ± 0.01 μm). It was concluded that the thawing temperature and duration has affected/altered the morphometry of the sperm head and midpiece, although the results were not statistically significant (p> 0.005).Suni tohumlamada kullanılan dondurulmuş spermanın çözüm sonu parametrelerini belirleyen faktörlerin başında çözdürme koşulları gelmektedir. Yapılan araştırma ile Simental, Holstein ve Brown Swiss ırkı boğaların donmuş spermalarının, deneysel olarak belirlenen farklı sıcaklık ve sürelerde çözdürülmesi sonucu CASA cihazı ile spermatozoon başı ve orta kısmına ait parametreler bakımından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada gruplar; kontrol grubu 37 ℃’de 20 saniye; deney grupları ise, 25 ℃’de 30, 40, 50 ve 60 sn.; 37 ℃’de 30, 40, 50 ve 60 sn.; 40 ℃’de 10, 15, 20 ve 25 sn.; 70 ℃’de 3, 6, 9, 12 sn. olarak belirlenmiştir. Üç farklı ırk boğaya ait, tek ejakülasyonda elde edilen dondurulmuş boğa spermaları, 9 tekrarda CASA parametreleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. 25 ℃’de 40 sn.’de çözdürülen spermaların baş uzunluklarının (6.22 ± 0.09), orta kısım genişliğinin (0.68 ± 0.01) diğer sıcaklık ve sürelere göre daha yüksek ortalamaya sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Çözdürme sıcaklık ve süresinin spermatozoon baş ve orta kısmına dair parametreleri değiştirdiği ancak elde edilen sonuçların istatiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı belirlenmiştir (p> 0.005)

Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.Peer reviewe

Data Descriptor : A European Multi Lake Survey dataset of environmental variables, phytoplankton pigments and cyanotoxins

Under ongoing climate change and increasing anthropogenic activity, which continuously challenge ecosystem resilience, an in-depth understanding of ecological processes is urgently needed. Lakes, as providers of numerous ecosystem services, face multiple stressors that threaten their functioning. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a persistent problem resulting from nutrient pollution and climate-change induced stressors, like poor transparency, increased water temperature and enhanced stratification. Consistency in data collection and analysis methods is necessary to achieve fully comparable datasets and for statistical validity, avoiding issues linked to disparate data sources. The European Multi Lake Survey (EMLS) in summer 2015 was an initiative among scientists from 27 countries to collect and analyse lake physical, chemical and biological variables in a fully standardized manner. This database includes in-situ lake variables along with nutrient, pigment and cyanotoxin data of 369 lakes in Europe, which were centrally analysed in dedicated laboratories. Publishing the EMLS methods and dataset might inspire similar initiatives to study across large geographic areas that will contribute to better understanding lake responses in a changing environment.Peer reviewe

Farklı Irklardan Tekelerde Başlıca Spermatolojik Parametreler

Öz: Bu araştırmanın amacı, ülkemize ait yerli teke ırklarında başlıca spermatolojik parametreleri değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada her ırktan 2 olmak üzere 5 farklı ırk tekeden alınan spermalar muayene edildi. Toplam 100 ejakülatta başlıca spermatolojik parametreler değerlendirildi. Genel ortalama ejakülat miktarı 0.83±3.07 ml, kitle hareketi 3.34±1.10, spermatozoa motilitesi % 73.40±11.17, spermatozoa yoğunluğu 2.243±138.46X109/ml, anormal spermatozoa oranı % 9.38±4.02 ve spermanın pH değeri 7.20±2.65 kaydedildi. Başlıca spermatolojik parametreler yönüyle bireyler ve ırklar arasında önemli farklılıklar gözlendi (P<0.05, P< 0.01,  P<0.05). Araştırmada anormal spermatozoon tipleri ve oranları (%) akrozom, baş, orta kısım ve kuyruk için sırasıyla 1.3±0.1, 2.0±0.3, 2.1±0.2 ve 4.0±0.4 saptandı. İstatistik olarak bireyler ve ırklar arasında bulunan farklılıklar önemli kaydedildi. Sonuç olarak, farklı teke ırklarına ait başlıca spermatolojik parametreler ortaya konuldu, kimi spermatolojik özelliklerde bireyler ve ırklar arasındaki farklılıklar belirlendi. Elde edilen verilerin bundan sonra yapılacak özellikle teke spermasının dondurulması ve dölverimi ile ilgili çalışmalara ışık tutması düşünülmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Teke, spermatolojik parametreler, sperma, norduz, honamlı, kilis, kıl, Ankara keçis

Osteopontin Concentration in Prostates Fractions: A Novel Marker of Sperm Quality in Dogs

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the sperm quality and the osteopontin (OPN) concentration in the prostates of Malakli shepherd dogs. Ejaculates were collected once by digital manipulation from 39 male dogs aged between 2 and 4 years and older. The first and third fractions of the ejaculate were centrifuged at 5000× g for 30 min, and supernatants were stored at −80 °C for further analysis of OPN using a double-antibody sandwich method (SEA899CA, Cloude-Clone Corp, Houston, TX, USA). Meanwhile, the second fractions were evaluated for sperm motility, concentration, viability, and rate of abnormal spermatozoa (head, acrosome, midpiece and tail abnormalities). The average concentration of OPN was 8.7 ± 5.2 ng/mL, and it differed significantly between the 1st 10.4 ± 5.3 ng/mL and 3rd 7.4 ± 5 ng/mL fractions. According to ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) analysis, the OPN concentration had a better diagnostic ability for sperm motility (p p < 0.05). Additionally, the OPN concentration was negatively correlated with poor sperm morphology and motility. In conclusion, the OPN concentration in prostate-derived secretions may be a possible marker of sperm quality in dogs. Further research could explore the involvement of OPN in sperm motility during cryopreservation and in vivo fertility

Evaluation of Spermatological Parameters of Frozen Bull Semen with Conventional and CASA (Computer-Aided Sperm Analysis) Method

The aim of this study was to compare the assessments made by the CASA system and subjective method (by using phase-contrast microscope) for spermatological examinations of imported and locally produced semen. Frozen semen (imported and local production) belonging to 20 different bulls was examined by phase contrast light microscope method (conventional method) and method supported by computer (CASA method) for evaluating the principle semen characteristics. For imported semen, considering the average values of samples examined by the two methods, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in the values of motility and concentration as well as the rates of abnormal and dead spermatozoa. For domestic semen, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed for the concentration of samples by the conventional evaluations and for the assessment of motility and concentration by the CASA method. It was observed that there were significantly (P<0.05) higher data only for the concentration assessed by both methods, while no such differences between the values of motility as well as the rates of abnormal and dead spermatozoa were found when considering the general average rates. By using the two methods, findings from the examination of pre-determined parameters were compared and their reliabilities were displayed herei

The skills of defibrillation practice and certified life-support training in the healthcare providers in Turkey

Aim of the study Successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation and early defibrillation are critical in survival after in- or out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. The scope of this multi-centre study is to (a) assess skills of paediatric healthcare providers (HCPs) concerning two domains: (1) recognising rhythm abnormalities and (2) the use of defibrillator devices, and (b) to evaluate the impact of certified basic-life-support (BLS) and advanced-life-support (ALS) training to offer solutions for quality of improvement in several paediatric emergency cares and intensive care settings of Turkey. Methods This cross-sectional and multi-centre survey study included several paediatric emergency care and intensive care settings from different regions of Turkey. Results A total of 716 HCPs participated in the study (physicians: 69.4%, healthcare staff: 30.6%). The median age was 29 (27-33) years. Certified BLS-ALS training was received in 61% (n = 303/497) of the physicians and 45.2% (n = 99/219) of the non-physician healthcare staff (P < .001). The length of professional experience had favourable outcome towards an increased self-confidence in the physicians (P < .01, P < .001). Both physicians and non-physician healthcare staff improved their theoretical knowledge in the practice of synchronised cardioversion defibrillation (P < .001, P < .001). Non-certified healthcare providers were less likely to manage the initial doses of synchronised cardioversion and defibrillation: the correct responses remained at 32.5% and 9.2% for synchronised cardioversion and 44.8% and 16.7% for defibrillation in the physicians and healthcare staff, respectively. The indications for defibrillation were correctly answered in the physicians who had acquired a certificate of BLS-ALS training (P = .047, P = .003). Conclusions The professional experience is significant in the correct use of a defibrillator and related procedures. Given the importance of early defibrillation in survival, the importance and proper use of defibrillators should be emphasised in Certified BLS-ALS programmes. Certified BLS-ALS programmes increase the level of knowledge and self-confidence towards synchronised cardioversion-defibrillation procedures