Efecto de temperatura y salinidad sobre la supervivencia y desarrollo larval de Litopenaeus vannamei

Objetive. The combined effect of salinity (25, 30, 35, and 40psu) and temperature (25, 30, and 35oC) was evaluated on survival and development from nauplii V (NV) larvae until postlarvae (PL1) of Litopenaeus vannamei. Materials and methods. Four replicates were applied to each combination of salinity and temperature. The larvae were placed in 12 L beakers a density of 100larvae/L. Salinity was increased dissolving commercial salt without iodine, into marine water, whereas fresh filtered tap water was used to decrease the salinity from seawater. The NV were adapted at 35psu and 30°C during 30 minutes. Thereafter, were transferred at each experimental combination of salinity and temperature. Every 24 h, samples of larvae were obtained to determine in vivo their stage of development and survival. All data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA. Results. Survival and larval development were significantly (p<0.05) affected by salinity, temperature and interaction of both factors. Maximum ultimate survival to PL1 was obtained at 30°C and 30psu (82.2%) followed by 30 and 35°C at 25psu (71.5 y 71.6%). The highest development at PL1 was found at 30°C and 30psu (6.76). Larval development during experiment was lower at 25°C as compared to 30 and 35°C, regardless of the salinity levels. Conclusions. The most adequate conditions for survival and larval development were obtained between 30-35°C and 25-30psu.Objetivo. Analizar el efecto combinado de salinidad (25, 30, 35 y 40 ups) y temperatura (25, 30 y 35°C) sobre la supervivencia y el desarrollo de larvas nauplio V (NV) hasta postlarvas (PL1) de Litopenaeus vannamei. Materiales y métodos. Los experimentos se realizaron por cuadriplicado por cada combinación de salinidad y temperatura. Las larvas se mantuvieron en acuarios de 12 L a una densidad de 100larvas/L. La salinidad se incrementó disolviendo sal granulada libre de yodo, a partir de agua de mar, mientras que para alcanzar las salinidades menores se utilizó agua dulce filtrada. Los NV aclimatados a 35ups y 30°C durante 30 minutos fueron transferidos a cada combinación experimental de salinidad y temperatura. Cada 24 h, se obtuvieron muestras de larvas para determinar in vivo su etapa de desarrollo y supervivencia. Los datos fueron analizados por un ANOVA de dos vías. Resultados. La supervivencia y el desarrollo larval fueron significativamente afectadas por la salinidad, temperatura y su interacción (p<0.05). La máxima supervivencia final a PL1 se obtuvo a 30°C y 30ups (82.2%), seguido por 30 y 35°C a 25ups (71.5 y 71.6%). El desarrollo más alto a PL1 fue encontrado a 30°C y 30ups (6.76). El desarrollo larval durante el experimento fue más bajo a 25°C en comparación con 30 y 35°C, independientemente de los niveles de salinidad. Conclusiones. Las condiciones más adecuadas para la supervivencia y desarrollo larval se obtuvieron entre 30-35°C y 25-30ups

PARÁSITOS METAZOARIOS Y OTROS EPIBIONTES EN EL OSTIÓN DEL PLACER CRASSOSTREA CORTEZIENSIS (HERTLEIN, 1951) EN DOS ZONAS COSTERAS DEL PACÍFICO MEXICANO

The objective of this study was to determine the presence of metazoan parasites and epibionts in the pleasure oyster Crassostrea corteziensis (Hertlein) inhabiting two coastal and fishing localities in the Mexican Pacific state of Sinaloa. 30 oysters were collected in the fishing cooperative of Playa Norte in the bay of Mazatlán, Sinaloa and a comparison made with the presence of parasites in oysters in the "Ceuta"coastal lagoon. Inspection of oysters in the coastal lagoon revealed the presence of 36 encapsulated metacercariae of the Acanthocolpidae family in the gonad of the oyster Crassostrea corteziensis. Six metacercariae were found in the Mazatlán bay Playa Norte area: three of sp. 1 (Family Hemiuridae) in the mantle, a specimen of sp. 2 (Family Fellodistomidae) in the digestive gland and a metacercaria sp3. unidentified in the mantle and a metacercaria (Family Zoogonidae) in the digestive gland; two free-living nematodes of the genus Theristus sp. As epibiont organisms, seven specimens of polychaetes of the Nereididae family were found in the shell of oysters. This work reports for the first time the invasion of the digenean Stephanostomum sp Looss, 1899 of the family Acanthocolpidae, a parasite of the gonad of the oyster Crassostrea corteziensis in the Mexican Pacific, as well as the presence of digeneans belonging to the Fellodistomidae, Hemiuridae and Zoogoniade families. The results of this work contribute to the knowledge on the biology, biodiversity and host preference of these parasites, with possible implications in the health risks posed by human consumption of the pleasure oyster, with great regionalization in the consumption of shellfish raw foods that have a broad gastronomic social identity in these coastal areas in the Mexican Pacific.El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de parásitos metazoarios y epibiontes en el ostión del placer Crassostrea corteziensis (Hertlein, 1951)  en dos localidades costeras y pesqueras del estado de Sinaloa, en el noroeste del Pacífico mexicano.  Se colectaron 30 ostiones en la cooperativa pesquera de “Playa norte” en la bahía de Mazatlán, Sinaloa y se realizó una comparación con la presencia de parásitos en ostiones en la laguna costera de “Ceuta”. La inspección de ostiones en la laguna costera reveló la presencia de 36 metacercarias encapsuladas de la familia Acanthocolpidae en la gónada del ostión C. corteziensis. En la bahía de Mazatlán, en la zona de Playa norte, se encontraron seis metacercarias: tres de la sp. 1 (pertenece a la familia  Hemiuridae) en el manto, un espécimen de sp.2 (Familia Fellodistomidae) en la glándula digestiva y una metacercaria sp3. no identificada en el manto, una metacercaria de (Familia Zoogonidae) en la glándula digestiva, dos nemátodos de vida libre del género Theristus sp. Como organismos epibiontes se encontraron siete ejemplares de poliquetos de la familia Nereididae en la concha de los ostiones. Este trabajo reporta por primera vez la invasión del digeneo Stephanostomum sp. Looss, 1899 de la familia Acanthocolpidae parásito de la gónada del ostión  C. corteziensis en el Pacífico mexicano. Así como, la presencia de digeneos pertenecientes a la familia  Fellodistomidae, Hemiuridae y Zoogonidae.  Los resultados de este trabajo contribuyen al conocimiento en la biología, la biodiversidad y la preferencia del hospedero de estos parásitos, con posibles implicaciones en los riesgos para la salud que plantea el consumo humano del ostión del placer, con gran regionalización en el consumo de mariscos crudos que presentan amplia identidad social gastronómica en estas zonas costeras en el Pacífico mexicano

El impacto de la educación ambiental en la conservación de la tortuga marina en Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México.

The dynamics of a new segment of tourist activity bases its action on creating a link between the subject, the experience and the environment, these are the most important conditions for the tourist to choose the destination to visit. Environmental education within ecotourism is a strategic tool to promote respect for wildlife. The objective of this work was to develop an analysis of the impact of environmental education on the conservation of sea turtles in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico throughout three decades of recorded biological data in order to promote sustainable tourism with more socially solid attitudes. In Mazatlán Sinaloa, every year, during the sea turtle nesting season (July-October), numerous ecotourist subjects are interested in these endangered reptiles, in order to help protect and conserve these animals. There are regional and federal government public institutions that have a role in environmental education and wildlife conservation. This work involves the approach of animals on a coastal zone on the beaches with tourist dynamics with anthropocentric predominance with the aim of educating various social actors, where the natural resources that are the object of this investigation are sea turtles called olive ridleys Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829). The Mazatlán Aquarium with its sea turtle conservation program has managed to protect 15,103 nests; 1,393,194 eggs; 1,103,006 turtles released; 70.2% survival and 290,188 deaths due to natural disasters and other causes. Tourism supported by environmental education promotes an influence on residents and tourists for the care of the natural heritage of natural resources such as marine turtles. This research is a multidisciplinary analysis of the educational, biological, and sociocultural sciences based on a documentary review with in-depth interviews with key actors. There is a conceptual interpretation where social actors learn about biology, conservation, threats, and respect for wild animal life during their visit to the Sinaloan port.La dinámica de un nuevo segmento de la actividad turística basa su acción en crear un vínculo entre el sujeto, la experiencia y el medio ambiente, estas son las condiciones más importantes para que el turista realice la elección del destino a visitar. La educación ambiental dentro del ecoturismo es una herramienta estratégica para fomentar el respeto a la vida silvestre.  El objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar un análisis del impacto de la educación ambiental en la conservación de la tortuga marina en Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México a lo largo de tres décadas de datos biológicos registrados con la finalidad de impulsar el turismo sostenible con posturas sociales más sólidas. En Mazatlán Sinaloa, cada año, durante la temporada de anidación de tortugas marinas (julio-octubre), se atraen a numerosos ecoturistas interesados en estos reptiles en peligro de extinción. Para ayudar a la protección y conservación de estos animales, hay instituciones públicas gubernamentales regionales y federales que tienen un rol en la educación ambiental y la conservación de la vida silvestre. Este trabajo involucra el abordaje de los animales en las playas con dinámicas turísticas con predominio antropocéntrico con el objetivo de educar a diversos actores sociales, donde los recursos naturales objeto de esta investigación son las tortugas marinas llamadas golfinas Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829). El Acuario Mazatlán con su programa de conservación de tortugas marinas ha logrado resguardar 15103 nidos; 1.393194 huevos; 1.103006 crías liberadas; 70,2 % de supervivencia y se registraron 290188 muertas por desastres naturales y otras causas. El turismo apoyado de la educación ambiental fomenta en el puerto una influencia en los residentes y turistas para el cuidado del patrimonio natural de los recursos naturales como las torturas. La presente investigación es un análisis multidisciplinario entre las ciencias educativas, biológicas, y socioculturales a partir de la revisión documental con entrevistas a profundidad con actores clave. Existe una interpretación conceptual donde los actores sociales, aprenden sobre la biología, conservación, amenazas y el respeto a la vida animal silvestre durante su visita al puerto sinaloense

Effect of the diet traditional and non-traditional on the respiration and excretion in larvae of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

ABSTRACT Objetive. It was studied the respiration and ammoniacal excretion of zoeas and mysis of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with the diet used traditionally (of microalgae and nauplios of artemia) and another alternative (not traditional) of microalgae with rotifers. Materials and methods. After four hours the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion in BOD bottles with 60 larvae (closed respirometers) was estimated. The concentrations of O2 and NH4+ were measured with an electrode polarográfico in the first case and with the indophenol blue technique for the second. Results. In zoea, oxygen consumption increased with development and showed statistical differences (p=0.023). In mysis, the oxygen consumption were significance in the traditional diet, whereas no differences were alternative (p=0.003). In both stages for the ammoniacal excretion increased development stage and there were detected statistical difference (p<0.001), although to the diets were not noticed significant differences. Conclusions. A higher energy absorption for zoea (I, II y III) what mysis (I, II y III) larvae was obtained, this is likely an interaction between rates of respiration and excretion caused by variations in the efficiency of absorption by the larvae. The weights obtained in both larvae were not supplied with differences between diets

Evaluation of the nutritional quality of Chaetoceros muelleri Schütt (Chaetocerotales: Chaetocerotaceae) and Isochrysis sp. (Isochrysidales: isochrysidaceae) grown outdoors for the larval development of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) (Decapoda: Penaeidae)

The biomass, proximal composition and fatty acid profile of Isochrysis sp., Chaetoceros muelleri and their mixture, grown under greenhouse conditions, were evaluated. The nutritional value of both species supplied as the monoalgal (Chaetoceros muelleri: Diet I, and Isochrysis sp. Diet II) and mixed diet (Diet III) for larval Litopenaeus vannamei was also assessed on the basis of the development and biochemical composition of the larvae. The highest protein levels were obtained in Diets I and II (40% and 35%, respectively). No significant differences in larval survival were found among the diets; however, larvae fed on Diet II had the lowest mean larval length

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Congreso Internacional de Responsabilidad Social Apuestas para el desarrollo regional.

Congreso Internacional de Responsabilidad Social: apuestas para el desarrollo regional [Edición 1 / Nov. 6 - 7: 2019 Bogotá D.C.]El Congreso Internacional de Responsabilidad Social “Apuestas para el Desarrollo Regional”, se llevó a cabo los días 6 y 7 de noviembre de 2019 en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. como un evento académico e investigativo liderado por la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios -UNIMINUTO – Rectoría Cundinamarca cuya pretensión fue el fomento de nuevos paradigmas, la divulgación de conocimiento renovado en torno a la Responsabilidad Social; finalidad adoptada institucionalmente como postura ética y política que impacta la docencia, la investigación y la proyección social, y cuyo propósito central es la promoción de una “sensibilización consciente y crítica ante las situaciones problemáticas, tanto de las comunidades como del país, al igual que la adquisición de unas competencias orientadas a la promoción y al compromiso con el desarrollo humano y social integral”. (UNIMINUTO, 2014). Dicha postura, de conciencia crítica y sensibilización social, sumada a la experiencia adquirida mediante el trabajo articulado con otras instituciones de índole académico y de forma directa con las comunidades, permitió establecer como objetivo central del evento la reflexión de los diferentes grupos de interés, la gestión de sus impactos como elementos puntuales que contribuyeron en la audiencia a la toma de conciencia frente al papel que se debe asumir a favor de la responsabilidad social como aporte seguro al desarrollo regional y a su vez al fortalecimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible

Congreso Internacional de Responsabilidad Social Apuestas para el desarrollo regional.

Congreso Internacional de Responsabilidad Social: apuestas para el desarrollo regional [Edición 1 / Nov. 6 - 7: 2019 Bogotá D.C.]El Congreso Internacional de Responsabilidad Social “Apuestas para el Desarrollo Regional”, se llevó a cabo los días 6 y 7 de noviembre de 2019 en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. como un evento académico e investigativo liderado por la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios -UNIMINUTO – Rectoría Cundinamarca cuya pretensión fue el fomento de nuevos paradigmas, la divulgación de conocimiento renovado en torno a la Responsabilidad Social; finalidad adoptada institucionalmente como postura ética y política que impacta la docencia, la investigación y la proyección social, y cuyo propósito central es la promoción de una “sensibilización consciente y crítica ante las situaciones problemáticas, tanto de las comunidades como del país, al igual que la adquisición de unas competencias orientadas a la promoción y al compromiso con el desarrollo humano y social integral”. (UNIMINUTO, 2014). Dicha postura, de conciencia crítica y sensibilización social, sumada a la experiencia adquirida mediante el trabajo articulado con otras instituciones de índole académico y de forma directa con las comunidades, permitió establecer como objetivo central del evento la reflexión de los diferentes grupos de interés, la gestión de sus impactos como elementos puntuales que contribuyeron en la audiencia a la toma de conciencia frente al papel que se debe asumir a favor de la responsabilidad social como aporte seguro al desarrollo regional y a su vez al fortalecimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible