Evaluating implementation of a fire-prevention injury prevention briefing in children's centres: cluster randomised controlled trial

Background: Many developed countries have high mortality rates for fire-related deaths in children aged 0–14 years with steep social gradients. Evidence-based interventions to promote fire safety practices exist, but the impact of implementing a range of these interventions in children’s services has not been assessed. We developed an Injury Prevention Briefing (IPB), which brought together evidence about effective fire safety interventions and good practice in delivering interventions; plus training and facilitation to support its use and evaluated its implementation. Methods: We conducted a cluster randomised controlled trial, with integrated qualitative and cost-effectiveness nested studies, across four study sites in England involving children’s centres in disadvantaged areas; participants were staff and families attending those centres. Centres were stratified by study site and randomised within strata to one of three arms: IPB plus facilitation (IPB+), IPB only, usual care. IPB+ centres received initial training and facilitation at months 1, 3, and 8. Baseline data from children’s centres were collected between August 2011 and January 2012 and follow-up data were collected between June 2012 and June 2013. Parent baseline data were collected between January 2012 and May 2012 and follow-up data between May 2013 and September 2013. Data comprised baseline and 12 month parent- and staff-completed questionnaires, facilitation contact data, activity logs and staff interviews. The primary outcome was whether families had a plan for escaping from a house fire. Treatment arms were compared using multilevel models to account for clustering by children’s centre. Results: 1112 parents at 36 children’s centres participated. There was no significant effect of the intervention on families’ possession of plans for escaping from a house fire (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) IPB only vs. usual care: 0.93, 95%CI 0.58, 1.49; AOR IPB+ vs. usual care 1.41, 95%CI 0.91, 2.20). However, significantly more families in the intervention arms reported more behaviours for escaping from house fires (AOR IPB only vs. usual care: 2.56, 95%CI 01.38, 4.76; AOR IPB+ vs. usual care 1.78, 95%CI 1.01, 3.15). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that children’s centres can deliver an injury prevention intervention to families in disadvantaged communities and achieve changes in home safety behaviours

Untangling knowledge creation and knowledge integration in enterprise wikis

A central challenge organizations face is how to build, store, and maintain knowledge over time. Enterprise wikis are community-based knowledge systems situated in an organizational context. These systems have the potential to play an important role in managing knowledge within organizations, but the motivating factors that drive individuals to contribute their knowledge to these systems is not very well understood. We theorize that enterprise wiki initiatives require two separate and distinct types of knowledge-sharing behaviors to succeed: knowledge creation (KC) and knowledge integration (KI). We examine a Wiki initiative at a major German bank to untangle the motivating factors behind KC and KI. Our results suggest KC and KI are indeed two distinct behaviors, reconcile inconsistent findings from past studies on the role of motivational factors for knowledge sharing to establish shared electronic knowledge resources in organizations, and identify factors that can be leveraged to tilt behaviors in favor of KC or KI

Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A

On 2017 August 17, the gravitational-wave event GW170817 was observed by the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors, and the gamma-ray burst (GRB) GRB 170817A was observed independently by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor, and the Anti-Coincidence Shield for the Spectrometer for the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory. The probability of the near-simultaneous temporal and spatial observation of GRB 170817A and GW170817 occurring by chance is $5.0\times {10}^{-8}$. We therefore confirm binary neutron star mergers as a progenitor of short GRBs. The association of GW170817 and GRB 170817A provides new insight into fundamental physics and the origin of short GRBs. We use the observed time delay of $(+1.74\pm 0.05)\,{\rm{s}}$ between GRB 170817A and GW170817 to: (i) constrain the difference between the speed of gravity and the speed of light to be between $-3\times {10}^{-15}$ and $+7\times {10}^{-16}$ times the speed of light, (ii) place new bounds on the violation of Lorentz invariance, (iii) present a new test of the equivalence principle by constraining the Shapiro delay between gravitational and electromagnetic radiation. We also use the time delay to constrain the size and bulk Lorentz factor of the region emitting the gamma-rays. GRB 170817A is the closest short GRB with a known distance, but is between 2 and 6 orders of magnitude less energetic than other bursts with measured redshift. A new generation of gamma-ray detectors, and subthreshold searches in existing detectors, will be essential to detect similar short bursts at greater distances. Finally, we predict a joint detection rate for the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors of 0.1-1.4 per year during the 2018-2019 observing run and 0.3-1.7 per year at design sensitivity

Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger

On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory simultaneously observed a transient gravitational-wave signal. The signal sweeps upwards in frequency from 35 to 250 Hz with a peak gravitational-wave strain of 1.0 × 10−21. It matches the waveform predicted by general relativity for the inspiral and merger of a pair of black holes and the ringdown of the resulting single black hole. The signal was observed with a matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203 000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1σ. The source lies at a luminosity distance of 410þ160 −180 Mpc corresponding to a redshift z ¼ 0.09þ0.03 −0.04 . In the source frame, the initial black hole masses are 36þ5 −4M⊙ and 29þ4 −4M⊙, and the final black hole mass is 62þ4 −4M⊙, with 3.0þ0.5 −0.5M⊙c2 radiated in gravitational waves. All uncertainties define 90% credible intervals. These observations demonstrate the existence of binary stellar-mass black hole systems. This is the first direct detection of gravitational waves and the first observation of a binary black hole merger

Ayurvedic Management of Oligoasthenozoospermia - A Single Case Study

Male infertility makes up half of all infertility globally, and numerous etiological factors play a significant role to it. Oligoasthenozospermia is a sperm disorder that involves two disorders at the same time, Oligozoospermia (low sperm count) and Asthenozoospermia (Abnormal sperm motility). The signs and symptoms of oligoasthenozoospermia can be co-related with Kshina Shukra in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda Asta-vidha Shukra dushti are mentioned. Kshina Shukra is one among the Asta-vidha Shukra dushti, in which qualitative as well quantitative vitiation of Shukra dhatu occur. While describing the Dushti associated with Shukra and Artava, Vagbhatacharya explained Kshina Shukra as a pathological condition caused by vitiated Vata and Pitta.  The present case study explains the role of Shodana aushadi and Shamana aushadi in the management of oligoasthenozoospermia. The patient has report of low sperm count and abnormal morphology was subjected to Ayurvedic management protocol initially Shodana treatment and then Shamana aushadi, administration of Satavari Kshira paka for 30 days. This Ayurvedic treatment protocol including a combination of both Shodana and Shaman therapies were helpful in improving the seminal parameters like sperm count will increase from 10 million/ml to 90 million/ml, Actively motility increase from 0% to 30%, Moderately motility increase from 0% to 30%, Slightly motility increase from 10% to 20%, Non motile decrease from 90% to 20% and number of normal spermatozoa increase to 98%. Hence this approach can be considered in patients with low sperm count and motility

Ayurvedic Management of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis in Post COVID-19 Patient: A Single Case Study

A severe and rare fungal illness, Mucormycosis also known as black fungus affecting some corona virus patient. It occurs in people with Diabetes, Hypertension, reduced immunity and immune-compromised state. Various pharmacological interventions are used for this treatment but little efficacy and its prognosis is also poor. Certain Panchakarma procedures and internal Ayurvedic medicines have been proved to be beneficial in the management of fungal sinusitis. A 79 year old male patient with complaints of sinusitis, facial and eye pain, generalized muscular pain especially over the nape of neck, right arm, and right leg, discoloration of skin, nasal congestion came to Panchakarma OPD in university college of Ayurveda, Rajasthan Ayurveda University Campus Jodhpur for treatment. The present report deals with a case of Rhino Orbito cerebral Mucormycosis managed by Panchakarma treatment along with internal medicines. The Ayurvedic diagnoses of Raktaja Pratishyaya and Krimija Shiroroga were made, and Panchakarma treatments such as Kavala/Gandusha (gargling), Nasya (nasal medication), Dhumapana and Karnapurana were performed, followed by internal medicines for 30 days. Nasyakarma is especially desired for diseases of the parts above the base of the neck (above the clavicle). This treatment method was found effective in controlling the progressive symptoms and improving the functional ability of the patient

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