De la ciudadanía social al individuo fragmentado

Los procesos de cambio estructural registrados en todo el planeta en los últimos años han mostrado la crudeza de habitar en el mundo del capitalismo exacerbado. Quizá una de las consecuencias más dramáticas de ello es el desconcierto respecto del sentido del aquí y el ahora en un mundo cada vez más desigual y excluyente. Sin embargo, la creciente fragmentación de la sociedad y los individuos nos conmina a cuestionar, repensar y, sobre todo, a reivindicar las grandes utopías de una modernidad en cuyo centro esté la reivindicación humanitaria de la vida social

Actores colectivos y modelos de conflicto en la consolidación democrática mexicana

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Revolución y utopía como imaginario social

ResumenA través de este artículo se explora el carácter constructivo de las nociones de revolución y utopía, a partir de su condición histórica, misma que posibilita en su uso replantear la existencia y rumbo del sujeto social. En este sentido, los recientes acontecimientos en la aún confusa etapa postcomunista revitalizan la historicidad de los imaginarios, y con él, de las ideologías y el poder. Poniendo en tela de juicio la tesis del llamado fin de las ideologías y por ende de la historia.Palabras claves: Utopía, revolución, imaginario social, tolerancia.&nbsp

Revolución y utopía como imaginario social

A través de este artículo se explora el carácter constructivo de las nociones de revolución y utopía, a partir de su condición histórica, misma que posibilita en su uso replantear la existencia y rumbo del sujeto social. En este sentido, los recientes acontecimientos en la aún confusa etapa postcomunista revitalizan la historicidad de los imaginarios, y con él, de las ideologías y el poder. Poniendo en tela de juicio la tesis del llamado fin de las ideologías y por ende de la historia.Palabras claves: Utopía, revolución, imaginario social, tolerancia

Democracias posibles: crisis y resignificación. Sur de México y Centroamérica

CONTENIDO: * Debate teórico en torno a la democracia: del concepto hegemónico a las otras democracias. * Pensamiento y realidad de la democracia liberal en tiempos de globalización neoliberal. A propósito de México y Centroamérica. * Perspectivas contrahegemónicas de la democracia: discursos y prácticas otras de lo político y lo democrático. * El Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica: dilemas de la democracia en una subregión conflictiva. * Guatemala, ¿hacia un nuevo paradigma de construcción de ciudadanía? * Democracia desde arriba, democracia desde abajo: elecciones, poder y conflicto en la Honduras post-golpe de Estado. * Mesianismo político en El Salvador: análisis de discurso de los candidatos de ARENA y el FMLN en las campañas electorales presidenciales de 2004 y 2009. * ¿Extracciones y consultas? La minería y los derechos de los pueblos indígenas como un mentís de la democracia en Guatemala. * Democracia, confianza y ciudadanía en México. * Chiapas, la democracia que no fue. * Yucatán y el alcance estabilizador de las elecciones convergentes de 2015. * Profundizaciones en torno a la demoeleuthería. * Las guerras, la otra política y los medios indígenas en movimiento. * Desde abajo, por la izquierda y con la Tierra: la diferencia de Abya Yala/ Afro/Latino/AméricaEl libro es una invitación para pensar las democracias situadas en tiempo y contexto. Varias de las contribuciones que integran este texto confirman la profundidad de la crisis de la democracia representativa, cuyas mínimas reglas —elecciones libres y limpias— no se cumplen por prácticas violatorias que cruzan transversalmente una normatividad que se definió como “procedimental”. En los casos estudiados se confirma que partidos y gobernantes normalizan estas prácticas con gran cinismo, escudándose en el hecho de que la democracia política es hoy un bien global de mercado, sujeto al dinero y al poder mediático. En un esfuerzo analítico por mostrar otro camino viable, un bloque de trabajos de esta obra se encamina a recuperar las experiencias que intentan producir una separación con respecto a la democracia electoral, para crear lo posible mismo. Constituyen experiencias plurales, creativas, exitosas y erráticas, portadoras de luces intermitentes en un contexto de oscuridad política que las condena, pero cuyo sentido colectivo deliberado e intersubjetivo resignifica la política y lo democrático. Desde esta impugnación política, que es también epistemológica, un emergente paradigma fundamentado en las democracias “otras” desdobla el determinismo dominante de la democracia liberal representativa. Una apertura hacia nuevos debates y tensiones desde la heterogeneidad y la multiplicidad vislumbran los complejos horizontes políticos del sur de México y Centroamérica.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Artes y Letras::Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas (INIF)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación y Estudios Políticos (CIEP)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigaciones Históricas de América Central (CIHAC

Regulatory sites for splicing in human basal ganglia are enriched for disease-relevant information

Genome-wide association studies have generated an increasing number of common genetic variants associated with neurological and psychiatric disease risk. An improved understanding of the genetic control of gene expression in human brain is vital considering this is the likely modus operandum for many causal variants. However, human brain sampling complexities limit the explanatory power of brain-related expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and allele-specific expression (ASE) signals. We address this, using paired genomic and transcriptomic data from putamen and substantia nigra from 117 human brains, interrogating regulation at different RNA processing stages and uncovering novel transcripts. We identify disease-relevant regulatory loci, find that splicing eQTLs are enriched for regulatory information of neuron-specific genes, that ASEs provide cell-specific regulatory information with evidence for cellular specificity, and that incomplete annotation of the brain transcriptome limits interpretation of risk loci for neuropsychiatric disease. This resource of regulatory data is accessible through our web server, http://braineacv2.inf.um.es/

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research