The Role of Mother’s Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices in Dental Caries on Vulnerably Preschool Children

Objective: To analyze the association between Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and mother´s knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional  study  included  a  random sample of 163 preschool children aged 3-4 old in southern Brazil. The severity of dental caries and ECC was assessed by ICDAS criteria, while mothers completed the semi-structured  questionnaire  (KAP-ECC). Maternal behavior characteristics and answered questions about socioeconomic and demographic variables. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of exploratory variables with ECC. For this approach, we calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% IC). Results: Dental examinations revealed that 91.4% of children presented ECC (ICDAS = 3, 4, 5 or 6). Among those children, 31.9% presented cavities (ICDAS ≥ 3). Family income was significantly associated with the presence of ECC (OR 2.17; 95% CI: 1.41-3.36). Regarding KAP-ECC, mothers have knowledge related to ECC etiology, reported dental hygiene attitudes and practices that can prevent ECC but reported less healthy attitudes and practices regarding child’s diet, specifically with respect to bottle and breastfeeding habits (OR 0.52; 95% CI: 0.33-0.81). Conclusion: ECC was more frequent in children from low-income families and whose mothers reported the belief that milk with chocolate does not contribute to caries and that disagreed that it is normal that a 2-year-old baby wakes up during the night to suckle. That is, good knowledge toward health habits may impact on lower occurrence of ECC; however, this condition also depends on the socioeconomic level

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups

Pesquisa de rotavírus em aves silvestres da região amazônica mantidas em cativeiro no estado do Pará.

Ministério da Educação e Universidade Federal Rural da AmazôniaO presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar a presença de rotavírus em aves silvestres mantidas em cativeiro no Estado do Pará, bem como, investigar os grupos de rotavírus circulantes nos espécimes fecais dessas aves, caracterizar os eletroferotipos dos rotavírus encontrados e investigar especificamente a presença de rotavírus dos grupos A e D nos espécimes fecais. Amostras fecais foram coletadas na Fazenda Paricuiã (Terra Alta/PA), no Jardim Zoobotânico da Amazônia Bosque Rodrigues Alves, Parque Ecológico Mangai das Garças, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) e Bioparque Amazônia Crocodilo Safari em Belém/Pará, Brasil, no período compreendido entre março de 2011 e fevereiro de 2012. Foram coletadas 83 amostras fecais de aves pertencentes às ordens: Psittaciformes (família Psittacidae), Ciconiformes (famílias Ardeidae e Threskiornithidae) e Falconiformes (família Accipitridae). A partir das amostras coletadas foram preparadas suspensões fecais, com posterior extração do dsRNA viral, que foi submetido à eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (EGPA). A reação em cadeia mediada pela polimerase e precedida de transcrição reversa (RT-PCR) foi realizada com iniciadores específicos para a amplificação do gene NSP4 de rotavírus A e VP6 de rotavírus D. Todas as amostras foram negativas tanto por EGPA quanto por RT-PCR, necessitando, no entanto, de mais estudos que visem à detecção dos rotavírus em aves silvestres e que contribuam com o conhecimento acerca do papel dessas espécies na epidemiologia da doença.The present study aims to identify the presence of rotavirus in wild birds kept in captivity in Pará State (PA), as well as investigate rotavirus circulating groups in fecal specimens of these birds, to characterize the rotavirus electropherotypes found, and specifically investigate the presence of groups A and D rotavirus in fecal specimens Fecal samples were collected at the "Fazenda Paricuiã" (Terra Alta-PA), "Jardim Zoobotânico da Amazônia Bosque Rodrigues Alves"; "Parque Ecológico Mangai das Garças" and "Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG)" at Belém/Pará State/Brazil, in the period between March 2011 and February 2012. We collected fecal samples from 83 birds belonging to the orders: Psittaciformes (Psittacidae family), Ciconiformes (Ardeidae and Threskiornithidae family) and Falconiformes (Accipitridae family). Fecal suspensions were prepared from the samples collected, with subsequent extraction of viral dsRNA, which was subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The chain reaction mediated polymerase and reverse transcription (RT-PCR) was performed with primers specific for amplification of the NSP4 gene of A rotavirus and VP6 of D rotavirus. Ali samples were negative by both EGPA and by RT-PCR, requiring, however, further studies aimed at detection of rotavirus in wild birds and contribute to knowledge about the role of these species in the epidemiology of the disease

Determination of hemogregarine in Boa constrictor constrictor kept in captivity

We aimed to determine hemogregarines presence in snakes of the Boidae family kept in captivity in Pará (PA), Brazil, and to relate it with sex, clinical and hematological and ectoparasitism. This study had authorization from Sisbio/IBAMA to be done. Nineteen Boa constrictor snakes were used, belonging to the "Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi" (Belém/ PA) and "Xerimbabo Farm" (Santo Antônio do Tauá/PA). Blood smears were examined with 400x magnification, while the parasitemia percentage was determined by counting 550 red blood cells with 1000x magnification. From the snakes studied (n=19), nine were parasitized (47.36%) and there was no correlation between hemogregarines presence, sex, clinical and hematological changes. Hemoparasitosis correlation was detected only with the ectoparasites presence; however further studies are needed to determine the real hemogregarines prevalence in snakes kept in captivity in Pará, since there is a huge gap of data in the veterinary specialized literature about the fauna of the Amazon region.O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a presença de hemogregarina em boídeos mantidos em cativeiro no Estado do Pará, bem como, relacionar a hemoparasitose com pre-disposição sexual, alterações clínicas e hematológicas e a presença de ectoparasitos. Esta pesquisa teve autorização do Sistema de Autorização e Informação em Biodiversidade do Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis para ser realizado. Utilizaram-se 19 serpentes da família Boidae mantidas em cativeiro, pertencentes ao "Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" (Belém/PA) e "Sítio Xerimbabo" (Santo Antônio do Tauá/PA). A pesquisa de hemogregarina foi realizada em esfregaços sanguíneos examinados no aumento de 400x, enquanto que a parasitemia foi determinada contando- se 550 hemácias em aumento de 1000x. Do total de animais estudados (n=19), nove encontraram-se parasitados (47,36%), não havendo correlação entre presença de hemogregarina, pré-disposição sexual, alterações clínicas e hematológicas nas serpentes hospedeiras. A correlação da hemoparasitose foi detectada apenas quanto à presença de ectoparasitas nas serpentes, no entanto, estudos adicionais são necessários para verificar a prevalência de hemogregarinas em animais mantidos em cativeiro no Estado do Pará, visto que, existe grande lacuna de dados na literatura veterinária especializada no que diz respeito à fauna da região amazônica

Variação sazonal dos valores de bioquímica sérica de jiboias amazônicas (Boa constrictor constrictor) mantidas em cativeiro

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2012v25n4p165 Na região Norte do Brasil, as estações do ano não são bem definidas como acontece nas regiões Sul e Sudeste, devido ao clima equatorial quente e úmido, com um período mais chuvoso, conhecido como inverno amazônico, e um período menos chuvoso, conhecido como verão amazônico. Com esta pesquisa, objetivou-se avaliar a variação dos valores bioquímicos séricos de jiboias amazônicas correlacionadas com a sazonalidade da região. Foram realizadas análises bioquímicas séricas (AST, ALT, DHL, FA, cálcio, ácido úrico, fósforo, proteína total, albumina e globulina) de 31 serpentes da espécie Boa constrictor constrictor, mantidas em cativeiro. Levando em consideração a variável sazonalidade, observou-se que oito dos dez parâmetros são maiores no inverno em comparação ao verão (proteína total, albumina, globulina, ALT, AST, FA, DHL e cálcio) sendo que os valores de ALT, AST e cálcio mostraram ter diferenças estatísticas significantes no verão e inverno amazônicos, enquanto que os demais parâmetros parecem não ser influenciados pela sazonalidade. Esta foi a primeira pesquisa, em cativeiro, analisando o perfil bioquímico sérico serpentes Boa constrictor constrictor no Estado do Pará

Evaluation of biocompatibility of the membrane of cellulose acetate in dogs with acute renal failure undergoing hemodialysis

ABSTRACT. Meneses A.M.C., Saito M.E., Moraes C.C.G., Souza N.F., Bastos R.K.G., Luz M.A., Seixas L.S., Melchert A. & Caramori J.C.T. [Evaluation of biocompatibility of the membrane of cellulose acetate in dogs with acute renal failure undergoing hemodialysis.] Avaliação da biocompatibilidade da membrana de acetato de celulose em cães com insuficiência renal aguda submetidos à hemodiálise. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 36(4):362-366, 2014. Instituto da saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501, Montese, Belém, PA 66077-530, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] In order to evaluate the biocompatibility of the membrane of cellulose acetate in dogs with acute renal failure (ARF), undergoing hemodialysis, were used two groups, one consisting of eight normal dogs and the other by eight dogs with ARF induced by gentamicin. Each animal underwent five hemodialysis sessions, with intervals of 24 hours between each one. A significant reduction in urea and creatinine, whereas the other biochemical values were not different between groups, as well as blood pressure, red cell count, white blood cell count and activated clotting time. High levels of TNF-α was found in sick animals, with no detection of this cytokine in normal animals

Pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma em serpentes mantidas em cativeiro nos municípios de Belém e Santos Antônio do Tauá, Estado do Pará, Brasil

Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis that affects several animals species, however, studies of infection in wild animals, especially reptiles, is scarse. This study aimed to evaluate antiToxoplasma gondii antibodies occurrence in snakes kept in captivity at Belém and Santo Antônio do Tauá, Pará State, Brazil. Twenty-seven (27) Boa constrictor blood samples were evaluated by Modified Direct Agglutination Test (MAT). Snakes had no specific antibodies to this protozoan. Additional studies are needed to determine the actual occurrence of this zoonosis in wild animals kept in captivity at Pará State.La toxoplasmosis es una zoonosis importante que afecta a varias especies animales, sin embargo, el desarrollo de estudios relacionados con esta infección en animales salvajes, especialmente en reptiles, es poco difundida. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo detectar anticuerpos contra Toxoplasma gondii en serpientes no venenosas en cautiverio en los municipios de Belén y de San Antonio Taua, estado de Pará, Brasil. Se utilizaron muestras de sangre de 27 especies de serpientes Boa constrictor que fueron evaluadas a través del Método de Aglutinación Directa Modificada (MAD). Ninguna serpiente mostró la presencia de anticuerpos específicos contra este protozoario. Son necesarios estudios adicionales para determinar la incidencia real de zoonosis en animales silvestres mantenidos en cautiverio en el Estado de Pará.A toxoplasmose é uma importante zoonose que acomete diversas espécies de animais, no entanto, o desenvolvimento de estudos sobre infecção em animais selvagens, especialmente em répteis, ainda é pouco difundido. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de anticorpos específicos para Toxoplasma gondii em serpentes não peçonhentas mantidas em cativeiro, nos municípios de Belém e Santo Antônio do Tauá, Estado do Pará, Brasil. Foram utilizadas amostras sanguíneas de 27 serpentes da espécie Boa constrictor e avaliadas pelo Método de Aglutinação Direta Modificada (MAD) no diagnóstico laboratorial desta enfermidade. Nenhuma serpente apresentou presença de anticorpos específicos para este protozoário. Estudos adicionais são necessários para determinar a real ocorrência desta zoonose em animais selvagens mantidos em cativeiro no Estado do Pará

Rotavirus research in Amazon wild birds kept in captivity in the state of Pará, Brazi

ABSTRACT. Luz M.A., Bezerra D.A., Silva R.R., Guerreiro A.N., Seixas L.S., Bastos R.K.G., Mascarenhas J. D’Arc P., Moraes C.C.G., Souza N.F. & Meneses A.M.C. [Rotavirus research in Amazon wild birds kept in captivity in the state of Pará, Brazil.] Pesquisa de rotavírus em aves silvestres da região amazônica mantidas em cativeiro no estado do Pará, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 36(2):167-173, 2014. Instituto da Saúde e Produção animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501, Montese, Belém, PA 66077-901, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] This study aimed to investigate rotavirus in wild birds kept in captivity at Pará State, to detect and characterize the electropherotypes groups of circulating rotaviruses and investigate A and D rotavirus groups presence in fecal specimens of these birds. Fecal samples were collected at Fazenda Paricuiã (Terra Alta / PA, Brazil), in Jardim Zoobotânico da Amazônia Bosque Rodrigues Alves, Parque Ecológico Mangal das Garças, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) and Bioparque Amazônia Crocodilo Safari in Belém/Pará/Brazil, between March 2011 and February 2012. Were collected fecal samples from 83 birds belonging to the orders: Psittaciformes (Family Psittacidae), Ciconiformes (Ardeidae and Threskiornithidae families) and Falconiformes (Family Accipitridae). Fecal suspensions were prepared from samples collected, with subsequent extraction of viral dsRNA, which was subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed with specific primers for amplification of NSP4 gene of A rotavirus and VP6 gene of D rotavirus. All samples were negative by both EGPA and by RT-PCR, requiring, however, further studies aimed in wild birds kept in captivity to determine the role of these species in the rotavirus epidemiology

Amazonian Plants: A Global Bibliometric Approach to <i>Petiveria alliacea</i> L. Pharmacological and Toxicological Properties

Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae) holds significant importance in the Amazon region, where it has been traditionally utilized in folk medicine. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis using conventional metrics, combined with a critical content review of its pharmacological and toxicological properties, to identify gaps in the existing literature that require further investigation. Our investigation identified a total of 55 articles that met the inclusion criteria for this study. Remarkably, Brazil emerged as the primary contributor within the scope of this review, indicating a strong presence of research from this country. Furthermore, professional scientific societies have played a pivotal role in facilitating the dissemination of scientific findings through specialist journals, fostering the sharing of research work within the community. Analysis of keyword co-occurrence revealed that “Petiveria alliacea”, “plant extract”, and “guatemala” were the most frequently encountered terms, indicating their significance within the literature. In terms of study designs, in vivo and in vitro were the predominant types observed, highlighting their prevalence in this field of study. Our study also identified a lack in knowledge yet to be investigated