Avaliação farmacognóstica de Vernonia cognata Less. – Asteraceae, adulterante do nó-de-cachorro (Heteropterys aphrodisiaca O. Mach. – Malpighiaceae)

The name "nó-de-cachorro" refers to the roots of Heteropterys aphrodisiaca, a species with positive effects primarily on cognition. However, what is commercially found under this popular name are the underground organs of Vernonia cognata (currently known as Chrysolaena cognata), a species still little studied. A pharmacognostic characterization and preliminary biological evaluation of the underground organs of C. cognata were conducted as a contribution to its quality control and scientific knowledge. These are cylindrical, clustered, tortuous tubers with rounded tips, from which fine roots emerge. Organoleptically, the tubers have smooth cork, brownish-gray coloration when dry, a light-yellow inner part, a sweet taste, and no characteristic odor. Microscopy reveals smooth, unicellular covering trichomes on the cork, the aggregation of stone cells in the cortex, and the absence of crystals and starch grains. The tubers contain saponins, steroids/triterpenes, and hydrolysable tannins, and, quantitatively, the foam index is below 100, and the total polyphenol content is 0.04%. The CE50 of the antioxidant activity was determined to be 66.58 µg/mL, and antimicrobial activity was positive in fungi and both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The pharmacological evaluation of the 50% hydroalcoholic extract did not show any changes in the parameters specified in the protocol (ataxia, ptosis, salivation, among others), and no mortality occurred in any of the groups or doses, with estimated LD50 values greater than 2,000 mg/Kg (intraperitoneal) and 5,000 mg/Kg (oral). It is confirmed that the tubers of C. cognata adulterate the roots of H. aphrodisiaca, with low toxicity and limited pharmacological potential.O nome nó-de-cachorro refere-se principalmente às raízes de Heteropterys aphrodisiaca, espécie com efeitos positivos principalmente sobre a cognição. No entanto, o que se encontra comercialmente com essa denominação são órgãos subterrâneos de Vernonia cognata (nome atual Chrysolaena cognata), espécie ainda pouco estudada. Em vista disso, realizou-se a caracterização farmacognóstica e avaliação biológica preliminar dos órgãos subterrâneos de C. cognata como contribuição ao seu controle de qualidade e conhecimento científico. Tratam-se de tubérculos cilíndricos, aglomerados, tortuosos, de pontas arredondadas, dos quais partem raízes finas; em termos organolépticos, os tubérculos mostram súber liso, de coloração marrom acinzentada quando secos, parte interna amarelo clara, sabor adocicado e sem odor característico. Na microscopia destacam-se tricomas tectores unicelulares lisos no súber, agrupamento de células pétreas no córtex e ausência de cristais ou grãos de amido. Os tubérculos apresentam saponinas, esteroides/triterpenos e taninos hidrolisáveis e, em termos quantitativos, índice de espuma menor que 100 e 0,04% de polifenóis totais. A CE50 da atividade antioxidante foi determinada em 66,58 µg/mL e a atividade antimicrobiana foi positiva na inibição de crescimento de fungos e bactérias Gram-positivas e negativas. A avaliação farmacológica preliminar de extrato hidroalcóolico 50% não evidenciou nenhuma alteração dos parâmetros avaliados (ataxia, ptose, salivação dentre outros) e não ocorreu mortalidade em nenhum dos grupos e doses, estimando-se as DL50 como superiores a 2.000 mg/Kg (intraperitoneal) e a 5.000 mg/Kg (oral). Confirma-se serem os tubérculos de C. cognata adulterantes das raízes de H. aphrodisiaca, com baixa toxicidade e pouco expressivo potencial farmacológico

NOTA SOBRE A OCORRÊNCIA DE Eremotherium laurillardi (LUND, 1842) (MAMMALIA, XENARTHRA, MEGATHERIIDAE) E Notiomastodon (MAMMALIA, GOMPHOTHERIIDAE, PROBOSCIDEA) NO MUNICÍPIO DE BARRA DE SANTANA, PARAÍBA, BRASIL

A presente comunicação visa relatar novas ocorrências de Eremotherium laurillardi (Xenarthra, Megatheriidae) e Notiomastodon platensis (Gomphotheriidae, Proboscidea) no Sítio Paleontológico Barriguda II, município Barra de Santana, Paraíba. Buscando trazer uma melhor compreensão da composição da fauna pleistocênica, composta por grandes mamíferos tão característicos, e sobretudo da ainda tão pouco explorada mas que já demonstra uma grande riqueza fossilífera, área do município de Barra de Santana, assim sendo possível uma compreensão mais profunda sobre a composição da Paleontologia local

EDITORIAL

Editorial da Revista Dataveni@, ISSN: 1519-9916, v.12, n.2 (2024

INCLUSÃO DE ESTUDANTES SURDOS AUTISTAS: UMA ANÁLISE DAS PRÁTICAS EDUCACIONAIS NA EDUCAÇÃO BILÍNGUE

O artigo explorou reflexões sobre a inclusão e desenvolvimento de estudantes Surdos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), destacando aspectos fundamentais como a educação bilíngue e os critérios de acessibilidade didática. No contexto escolar brasileiro, a inclusão de alunos Surdos vai além da acessibilidade física, exigindo abordagens pedagógicas adaptadas às suas necessidades específicas. O estudo de caso adotou um método qualitativo, com uma revisão bibliográfica de documentos e artigos sobre experiências educacionais envolvendo estudantes Surdos com TEA. As plataformas Google Acadêmico e SciELO foram utilizadas para a busca de informações. O artigo aborda considerações essenciais para a educação deste público, incluindo a importância da educação bilíngue para o Surdo autista, a necessidade de uma abordagem diferenciada e capacitada para esses alunos, e os critérios de acessibilidade didática que devem ser atendidos. A análise das dificuldades relacionadas à escassez de pesquisas sobre surdez e TEA revela a carência de materiais didáticos acessíveis e de estratégias pedagógicas eficazes. Com base nos dados coletados, o artigo propõe a ampliação do contexto de pesquisa para um registro mais detalhado de estudantes Surdos autistas na escola, considerando a adaptação curricular, estratégias de ensino e a formação continuada de professores para promover uma educação bilíngue mais inclusiva e eficaz

SEXUALIDADES TRUNCADAS: CUERPOS INCOMPRENDIDOS (SÍNDROME DE DOWN)

La presente ponencia elabora un análisis interpretativo sobre los discursos de las redes sociales acerca de los límites de la sexualidad que viven los cuerpos de adolescentes con Síndrome de Down. La apuesta teórica parte de la configuración de cuerpos estigmatizados a partir de acciones coercitivas que conlleva la heterosexualidad y los valores de lo aceptable. Asimismo, desvincula el constructo socio-político de cuerpos diferentes disciplinados, a través de normativas basadas en modelos capacitistas que reproducen y perpetúan asimetrías de poder. Todo con el ánimo de identificar cómo en la multiplicidad de cuerpos existen nuevas formas de construcción de la imagen erótico-afectiva y sexual

Knowledge and Perception of Brazilian Dental Students about Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and perception of Brazilian dental students regarding molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with dental students from a dental school in the Northeast region. A self-administered questionnaire was applied, containing questions about MIH, including etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Clinical photographs assessed students’ ability to differentiate MIH from other enamel defects. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used for associations, and the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparisons, considering the academic year as the independent variable. Results: 67 students participated, primarily enrolled in the third and fifth years. The majority (68.7%) reported familiarity with MIH, and 82.1% recognized it as a qualitative defect. MIH awareness was significantly associated with fifth-year students (p=0.01). Genetic factors were considered as an etiological factor by 80.6%. None of the students felt "very confident" in diagnosing MIH. No difference was observed in confidence levels across academic years. Enamel hypoplasia (64.2%) was cited as the most challenging differentiating condition from MIH. Students demonstrated uncertainty in diagnosing severe MIH (20.9%), whereas fluorosis was the defect most easily recognized (71.6%). Conclusion: Dental students demonstrate knowledge of MIH and recognize some clinical characteristics but lack confidence in diagnosing it. This highlights the need for enhanced dissemination and teaching of MIH in undergraduate dental education

Perception of Family Health Strategy Workers on Oral Health Care Provided to Women and Children in the First 1,000 Days

Objective: To analyze the perceptions of professionals from Primary Health Care Units (PHCU) concerning oral health care (OHC) provided during the first 1,000 days of life. Material and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from August 2019 to July 2020. Collective interviews (focal groups) were conducted on health rights in the first 1,000 days in nine PHCUs in two contrasting municipalities in Maranhão. Seven collective interviews were conducted with 57 professionals from all PHCUs in municipality A and a health district in B. Content analysis was used in the thematic modality to perform data analysis. Results: Nine professionals spoke about oral health in the first 1,000 days. The statements were organized into two categories. In one of the categories, professionals mentioned barriers to accessing dental care due to myths about the possibility of treatment, which were not restricted to the users\u27 knowledge but to that of the health professionals themselves. In the second category, the participants mentioned health education problems in which professionals are not heard and/or not understood by the community. Conclusion: There is a flaw in the training/continuing education of professionals concerning oral health in the first 1,000 days of life, especially regarding dental care during pregnancy. The participants still cannot help the population recognize dental care as a health right

Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Osteoinductive Potential of the Leaf Extract from Dysphania ambrosioides L.

Objective: To analyze the antioxidant activity of an alcoholic extract from the leaves of Dysphania ambrosioides L. and investigate its influence on in vitro differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells. Material and Methods: The content of the extract\u27s flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols was determined by spectrophotometry. The antioxidant potential was evaluated through tests of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reductive activity, sequestration of superoxide radicals, and copper chelation. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated by reduction of tetrazolium (MTT). Osteoblastic differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity, quantification, and matrix mineralization using von Kossa stain. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed that the extract has a high tannin content (43.27% catechin equivalents), with polyphenols and flavonoids accounting for 6.57% and 6.24%, respectively. The extract demonstrated antioxidant potential, particularly for the tests that evaluated TAC (120mg ascorbic acid equivalents) and copper chelation (79.2% of chelation relative to EDTA). The extract (150 µg/mL) increased the proliferation of MC3T3 cells by 251% in the first 24h. None of the osteoblastic differentiation tests demonstrated an influence on the treatments with the extract. Conclusion: The alcoholic extract of D. ambrosioides proved to be a potent antioxidant but did not exhibit osteoinductive potential

Parents/Guardians’ Gender Preferences, Confidence, and Empathy for their Children’s Dentist

Objective: To analyze the factors that influence parents’/guardians’ gender preference, confidence level, and empathy level in the dentist treating their child, as well as the factors associated with parents’/guardians’ preference for the dentist\u27s gender identification. Material and Methods: A total of 104 parents/guardians of patients from the pediatric dental clinic of a Brazilian University participated in this cross-sectional study. Data collection occurred in the clinical waiting room by applying a questionnaire about sociodemographic information, characteristics of the dentist that most caught parents’/guardians’ attention, whether the child’s dentist’s gender identification matters to parents’/guardians’, and analog scales designed by the research team gauging preferences in dentist\u27s gender, confidence level and empathy level in their child’s dentist. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p<0.05). Results: Most participants were female (74%) and mothers of patients (63.5%). The proportion of parents/guardians lacking confidence about their child\u27s dentist was higher among those who considered the dentist’s gender identification significant (p=0.045). The empathy scores of parents/guardians toward their child\u27s dentist were higher among female parents/guardians (p=0.012). Parents/guardians who reported caring about the dentist’s gender identification had lower preference scores for an LGBTQ+ dentist (p=0.018). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the preference for female or male dentists. A low preference for LGBTQ+ dentists was observed among parents/guardians, demonstrating homophobic behavior