Bildediagnostikk ved patellartendinopati - Ein litteraturstudie

Bakgrunn: Jumper's knee er ein klinisk diagnose med belastningsrelaterte smerter og palpasjonsømheit i patellarområdet, og vert kalla patellartendinopati (PT) dersom stadfesta med bildediagnostikk eller biopsi . Tilstanden er vanlig hos idrettsutøvarar, og kan i verste fall ende ei idrettskarriere, sidan førebygging og behandling har varierande effekt. Hensikta med studien var å kartlegge og samanlikne bildediagnostiske funn ved PT innan doppler/ultralyd og MR, og seie noko om korleis metodane bør brukast ved diagnostikk av PT. Hypotesen var at ultralyd framleis vil vere førsteval ved bildediagnostisk utredning og oppfølging. Metode: Dette er ein litteraturstudie der vi har søkt i Pubmed etter artiklar som omhandlar bildediagnostikk ved PT. Søket vart utført i august 2015, og 29 artiklar vart inkludert basert på utveljingskriteria. Resultat: 23 artiklar (79%) omhandla ultralyd og/eller doppler, medan 11 (38%) undersøkte MR. 5 artiklar (17%) såg på både ultralyd/doppler og MR, men berre éin av desse samanlikna bildediagnostiske metodar direkte. Ultralyd nyttast hovudsakleg for å sjå etter hypoekkoiske lesjonar, medan doppler påviser neovaskularisering. MR framstiller fleire strukturar samtidig, men signalintensitet i patellarsena vert gjennomgåande vektlagd. Konklusjon: Ultralyd i kombinasjon med doppler bør vere førsteval ved utredning og oppfølging av PT, medan MR er eit viktig supplement ved framstilling av fleire strukturar og kirurgisk planlegging

Is there an association between full IQ score and mental health problems in young adults? A study with a convenience sample

Background Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with the environment. Previous studies have shown that individuals with intellectual disability, IQ < 70, have increased risk of being diagnosed with one or more mental disorders. We wanted to investigate if this also applies to individuals with IQ between 70 and 85. Methods In this study, data was abstracted from a longitudinal follow-up study of individuals with low birth weight and a control group. In the present study, mental health of participants with borderline IQ, defined as a full IQ score 70–84, were compared with mental health of a reference group with full IQ scores ≥85. Mental health at age 19 was assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-age Children Present and Lifetime (K-SADS P/L) whereby scores meeting the diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder were defined as having mental health problems. In addition the participants completed the ADHD-rating scale and the Autism Spectrum Quotient form (AQ). Logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for high scores on the K-SADS. Results Thirty participants with borderline IQ and 146 controls were included. Sixteen (53%) of the participants with borderline IQ met the diagnostic criteria on the K-SADS for any diagnosis compared with 18 (12%) in the reference group (OR: 6.2; CI: 2.6–14.9). In particular the participants with borderline IQ had excess risk of ADHD and anxiety. These associations were slightly attenuated when adjusted for birth weight and parents’ socioeconomic status. Conclusions 53% of the participants with borderline IQ had increased risk for a research assessed psychiatric diagnosis compared to about one in ten in the reference group. The group with borderline IQ also had higher total scores and higher scores on some sub-scores included in the Autism Spectrum Quotient form. Our results points towards an increased vulnerability for mental illness in individuals with borderline low IQ