Summary results of the Industry Conference on the Commercial Use of Space

The future intentions of the Federal Republic of Germany in the area of the commercialization of space are presented. It is shown that significant advances in microgravity research, particulary in the areas of materials science, composite materials, physical chemistry, crystal growth, biology, and process engineering will have an effect on future plans for establishing sponsoring organizations to guide commercial interests in German space research. An organizational and functional outline of a proposed sponsoring organization to promote space commercialization under German supervision, including the objectives, the target group to be served, and the administrative structure, is presented. The role of the DFVLR (German Aerospace Research Establishment) and the BMFT (German Ministry for Research and Technology) as sponsoring organizations representing the interests of the German government is shown

Thermomechanical behavior of monolithic Sn-Ag-Cu solder and copper fiber reinforced solders

Solder joints provide both electrical and mechanical interconnections between a silicon chip and the packaging substrate in an electronic application. The thermomechanical cycling in the solder causes numerous reliability challenges, mostly because of the mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion between the silicon chip and the substrate. The actual transition to lead-free solders and the trend towards hotter-running, miniaturized and higher current density chips aggravate this situation. Therefore, improved solder joints, with higher resistance to creep and low cycle fatigue, are necessary for future generations of microelectronics. This study focuses on a thermomechanical behavior comparison between monolithic Sn-Ag-Cu, copper fiber and copper ribbon cylindrical reinforced solders. The composite solders were found to reduce the inelastic strain range of the joint relative to monolithic solder, but at the expense of increased stress range.http://archive.org/details/thermomechanical109452062Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Comparing Variance/Covariance and Historical Simulation in the Context of the Financial Crisis – Do Extreme Movements Have an Influence onto Portfolio Selection?

Portfolio theory and the basic ideas of Markowitz have been extended in the recent past by alternative risk models as historical simulation or even copula functions. The central question of this paper is if these approaches lead to different results compared to the classical variance/covariance approach. Therefore, empirical data of the last 10 years is analysed. Both approaches are compared in the special context of the financial crisis. The worst case optimization and the Value at Risk (VaR) are defined in order to define the minimum risk portfolio before and after the financial crisis. The result is that the financial crisis has nearly no impact onto the portfolio, but the two approaches lead to different results

Corporate Evaluation in Banks - Development of a New Evaluation Model with the Special Focus on the Separation of the Value of Maturity Transformation

Banks have to be handled differently in the theory of corporate evaluation. After a critical discussion of existing approaches of corporate evaluation, the following results can be state

Rotational Heisenberg Inequalities

Since their discovery in 1927, the Heisenberg Inequalities have become an icon of quantum mechanics. Often inappropriately referred to as the Uncertainty Principle, these inequalities relating the standard deviations of the position and momentum observables to Planck's constant are one of the cornerstones of the quantum formalism even if the physical interpretation of quantum mechanics remains still open to controversy nowadays. The Heisenberg Inequalities governing translational motion are well understood. However, the corresponding inequalities pertaining to rotational motion have not been established so far. To fill this gap, we present here the Rotational Heisenberg Inequalities relating the standard deviations of the orientation axis and orbital angular momentum observables of an isolated molecule. The reason for choosing this system is that a molecule separated from its environment corresponds to a bound system preserving the orbital angular momentum.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1412.211

The diffusion of Chukchi “magic words” in Chukotkan and St. Lawrence Island Yupik folklore texts

The languages of the Siberian Yupik region, including Chukotka in the Russian Far East and St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, have been heavily influenced by Chukchi, a genetically unrelated language. In this paper, I focus on Chukchi influences on Yupik folklore. Apparently meaningless “magic words” or formulae used in Yupik tales often appear to be of Chukchi origin. In Chukotka, their Chukchi origin is sometimes recognized by speakers of Yupik, but on St. Lawrence Island, the origin and meaning of the “magic words” is not recognized. The existence of “magic words” provides us with information about the sociolinguistic relationship between Siberian Yupik speakers and Chukchi. The Chukchi were in a position of power with respect to the Siberian Yupiget since they were more numerous, and since the Yupiget depended on them for trade. As a result, the Yupiget saw their Chukchi neighbours and their language as threatening and mysterious, and expressed this feeling by having the foreign protagonists of their tales talk in this strange language.Les langues de la région sibérienne yupik, incluant la Tchoukotka de l’Extrême-Orient russe et l’île Saint-Laurent en Alaska, ont subi l’influence du tchouktche, une langue qui ne leur est pas génétiquement apparentée. Dans cet article, on traite des influences tchouktches sur le folklore yupik. Certaines formules magiques utilisées dans des contes yupik semblent à première vue être sans signification, mais en réalité sont souvent d’origine tchouktche. Dans la Tchoukotka, leur origine tchouktche est parfois reconnue par les locuteurs du yupik, mais sur l’île Saint-Laurent, l’origine et la signification des formules magiques sont considerées obscures. L’existence de ces formules magiques est révélatrice des rapports sociolinguistiques entre les Yupiget sibériens et les Tchouktches. Les Tchouktches détenaient une position de suprématie vis-à-vis des Yupiget parce qu’ils étaient plus nombreux qu'eux et parce que les Yupiget étaient économiquement dépendants des Tchouktches. Il s’ensuivit une situation dans laquelle les Yupiget regardaient les Tchouktches comme des voisins quelque peu menaçants et mystérieux. Les Yupiget exprimaient ce sentiment dans leurs contes en faisant parler les protagonistes étrangers dans la langue étrange des Tchouktches

Basel III Global Liquidity Standards: Critical Discussion and Impact onto the European Banking Sector

Together with the Basel III regulatory equity rules, two liquidity ratios have been published. Resulting from the illiquidity of some banks during the financial crisis in 2008, these ratios shall help to prevent further crisis in the European banking sector. But do they really fulfill their aim? This article presents the new liquidity ratios, the actual liquidity situation in banks and describes the consequences for banks at a simplified example. It has to be stated that implementing more detailed liquidity frameworks into the banking supervision process is necessary. The financial crisis in 2008 showed that several banks did not have adequate liquidity risk models and processes to prevent illiquidity. But the LCR and the NSFR seem to be wrong methods. Both ratios will increase. The implementation of both ratios has to be done very carefully in order to prevent this

Thermodynamics of continuous media with electromagnetic fields

The thermodynamics of an electrically charged, multicomponent continuous medium with electromagnetic fields is analysed in the non-relativistic limit. Applying locally the first and second law of thermodynamics and Maxwell's equations for a linear theory of electromagnetism, three equations characterising the continuous medium are derived: a thermostatic equilibrium equation, a reversible and an irreversible thermodynamic evolution equation. For a local thermodynamic equilibrium, explicit expressions for the temperature and the chemical potentials in terms of the electromagnetic fields are obtained. The linear phenomenological relations describe novel effects of non-uniform electromagnetic fields on the transport equations and account also for magnetoresistance and optical tweezer