TOXICITY ANALYSIS OF RGD-CHITOSAN FROM SHRIMP SHELL SCAFFOLD MEMBRANES TOWARD HUMAN DENTAL PULP CELLS

Objective: This study aimed to analyze RGD-Chitosan from Shrimp Shells' Scaffolds' (RCSSS) and CSSS membrane toxicity toward human dental pulpcells.Methods: Human dental pulp cells were cultured for 5 days and then exposed to RCSSS or CSSS membranes for 24 hrs. Cell viability was determinedusing an MTT assay method.Results: Cell viability of the RCSSS group and CSSS group was higher than the cell viability of the control group. The cell viability of the RCSSSgroup 2 mg (537.39%) was significantly higher than the CSSS group 2 mg (301.74%).Conclusions: RCSSS membranes were not toxic toward human dental pulp cells and showed better effect toward human dental pulp cells comparedto CSSS membranes

TOXICITY ANALYSIS OF CRAB SHELL CHITOSAN ARGINYLGLYCYLASPARTIC ACID SCAFFOLD MEMBRANE AND ITS EFFECT ON HUMAN DENTAL PULP CELL VIABILITY

Objective: Crab shell chitosan is a biomaterial used for scaffolding. In Indonesia, Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional has made a crab shell chitosan arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) scaffold membrane. The purpose of adding RGD was to enhance cell attachment to the scaffold. The objective of this research is to analyze the toxicity of crab shell chitosan RGD scaffold membrane on human dental pulp cells and its effect on their viabilityMethods: Human dental pulp cells were cultured for 5 days in Minimum Essential Medium Alpha (α-MEM) complete containing amphotericin B, penicillin, streptomycin, and fetal bovine serum. Then, the treatment group was exposed to crab shell chitosan RGD scaffold membrane and crab shell chitosan scaffold membrane incubated for 24 h. The toxicity of the crab shell chitosan RGD scaffold membrane was analyzed with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Result: The result of this research is that crab shell chitosan RGD scaffold membrane did not decrease the percentage of viability of human dental pulp cells.Conclusion: It is concluded that crab shell chitosan RGD scaffold membrane does not have toxic effects on human dental pulp cells

AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK LADA BEREKOR (Piper cubeba L.) TERHADAP JENIS BAKTERI KARIOGENIK

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba dalam ekstrak lada berekor (Piper cubeba L.) serta mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba dalam media susu. Penelitian ini dilakukan berbagai tahap yaitu: menentukan aktivitas antimikroba.Pada tahap ini menggunakan 3 metode yaitu Disc Diffusion Assay (DDA), Minimum Inhibitory Cincentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Tahap berikutnya adalah aplikasi esktrak lada berekor (Piper cubeba L.) terhadap air liur. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian aktivitas senyawa antimikroba ekstrak lada berekor (Piper cubeba L.) dalam media susu dengan menggunakan metode Disc Diffusion Assay (DDA). Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa terdapat aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak lada berekor (Piper cubeba L.) terhadap bakteri Actynomyces viscosus, Streptococcus mutans, dan Streptococcus sobrinus. Pada aplikasi ekstrak lada berekor (Piper cubeba L.) terhadap air liur, pada konsentrasi 0.50% pertumbuhan bakteri terhenti di menit ke 60.Kemudian untuk penelitian aplikasi ekstrak lada berekor (Piper cubeba L.) dalam media susu disimpulkan tidak terdapat aktivitas senyawa antimikroba. Kata kunci: Lada berekor (Piper cubeba L.), aktivitas antimikroba, Disc Diffusion Assay (DDA), Minimum Inhibitory Cincentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC

Uji Penghambatan Xantin Oksidase Secara In Vitro Ekstrak Kulit Rambutan

Hyperuricemia is a condition that uric acid levels increased and cause accumulated uric acid crystals in the tissues. Xanthine oxidase is an enzyme which catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine into xanthine and into uric acid. Therefore, the inhibition of xanthine oxidase will reduce ammount of uric acid. The purpose of this study was to determine xanthine oxidase inhibition activity and to identify chemical constituent of rrind rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn.). Rind of Rambutan was extracted using maceration methods, based on polarity the solvent are n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The test of inhibition xanthine oxidase activity used a spectrophotometer at  λ = 274.79 nm, pH 7.8, substrate concentration of xanthine 0.15 mM and incubation temperature of 30°C. Allopurinol as positive control had C50 0.15 μg/mL. The result showed that methanol extract of rind rambutan had the highest inhibition  with IC50 3.71 μg/mL. Phytochemical screening showed that the most active extract methanol of rind rambutan contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITORY ASSAY WITH TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT OF GARCINIA LATERIFLORA BLUME LEAVES EXTRACT

 Objective: Garcinia lateriflora Blume has been reported to have antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method with methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane leaves extract inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) levels of 6.18, 8.03, and 156.8 μg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, there has been no literature regarding G. lateriflora Blume's lipoxygenase inhibition activity. The aim of this study was to determine the potential antioxidant activity and lipoxygenase inhibition activity of three leaf extracts of G. lateriflora Blume. Methods: These study test methods involved an assessment of antioxidant activity using the ferric reducing antioxidant power method, an assessment of lipoxygenase inhibition activity through the in vitro method, and a qualitative analysis of flavonoid and total flavonoid content using thin-layer chromatography and the AlCl3 colorimetric method to reveal the most active extract.Results: Based on the assessment for methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane, the results showed that the effective concentration 50% levels of the antioxidant activity of G. lateriflora Blume leaves extract were 9.567, 16.555, and 50.550 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the IC50 levels of the lipoxygenase inhibition activity were 0.693, 0.793, and 1.316 μg/mL, respectively. The most active extract for both of the tests was methanol extract, which has a total flavonoid content of 6.298 mg quercetin equivalents/g.Conclusions: Based on the test results, it can be concluded that G. lateriflora Blume leaves extracts exhibit antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibition activities, with methanol extract as the most active extract, containing more flavonoid than the other two extracts

Uji Penghambatan Xantin Oksidase Secara in Vitro Pada Ekstrak Kulit Rambutan

Hyperuricemia is a condition have higher uric acid levels that can cause a cumulation uric acid crystals in the tissues. Xanthine oxidase is an enzyme which catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine into xanthine and into uric acid.Therefore, the inhibition of xanthine oxidase will reduce ammount of uric acid. This research aims to determine xanthine oxidase inhibition activity and also to identify chemical constituent group of extract Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn.) skin. Rambutan skin was extracted by graded maceration using a three solvent, based on polarity the solvent are n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The test of inhibition xanthine oxidase activity was using a spectrophotometer at λ = 274.79 nm, pH 7.8, substrate concentration of xanthine 0.15 mM and an incubation temperature of 30° C. Inhibition on Allopurinol as positive control has IC50 0.15 µg/mL. The result showed that methanol extract of Rambutan skin had the highest inhibition percentage with IC50 3.71 µg/mL. Phytochemical screening showed that the most active extract methanol from rambutan skin contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids