The Impact of Different Image Thresholding based Mammogram Image Segmentation- A Review

Images are examined and discretized numerical capacities. The goal of computerized image processing is to enhance the nature of pictorial data and to encourage programmed machine elucidation. A computerized imaging framework ought to have fundamental segments for picture procurement, exceptional equipment for encouraging picture applications, and a tremendous measure of memory for capacity and info/yield gadgets. Picture segmentation is the field broadly scrutinized particularly in numerous restorative applications and still offers different difficulties for the specialists. Segmentation is a critical errand to recognize districts suspicious of tumor in computerized mammograms. Every last picture have distinctive sorts of edges and diverse levels of limits. In picture transforming, the most regularly utilized strategy as a part of extricating articles from a picture is "thresholding". Thresholding is a prevalent device for picture segmentation for its straightforwardness, particularly in the fields where ongoing handling is required

Current status of pharmacies and qualifications of pharmacists in community pharmacies of India

India is a developing nation and has progressive health care facilities. An important part of its health care system is the community pharmacy, where registered pharmacists provide pharmaceutical services to the public. Community pharmacy is the first place the public looks for drug-related information and medication counseling. The main objective of this study was to investigate the current status of pharmacies and the impact of the Pharm D program (professional pharmacy doctoral program) on the qualifications of pharmacists in India. This research specifically addressed the fate of community pharmacies after the implementation of this program. This research was conducted in the form of a cross-sectional survey in the Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh state, India. The sample included representative pharmacies in the district covering urban and rural areas. Earlier, the majority of pharmacies had non-pharmacists dispensing or counseling patients. Though Pharm D graduates were found to be dispensing medications in pharmacies, there was only minimal progress. It is recommended that the Government of India should make the Pharm D mandatory for a dispensing pharmacist to improve patient care

GC-MS/MS ANALYSIS OF BROWN RICE

Objective: The present study was undertaken to study the phytoconstituents quantitatively through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(MS)/MS, as well as its antibacterial, antifungal activities.Methods: The ethanol extract of brown rice was used for the study. 25gram of brown rice powder was used for the extraction process.Results: Each peak in the chromatogram represents the signal created by a compound that elutes from the GC column into the detector. The size ofthe peaks is proportional to the quantity of the equivalent substances in the specimen analyzed. The results obtained shows the highest peak for 6-(1-hydroxymethylvinyl)-4, 8a-dimethyl-3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2one,26-Nor-5-cholesten-3β-ol-25-one, Propane, 1,1-diethoxy-, and stigmastan-3,5-diene. The remaining seven compounds (Stigmasteryltosylate, Tetradecanedioic acid, 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 6-acetyl-7-(acetyloxy)-4-methyl-, 3-Isopropoxy-1,1,1,7,7,7-hexamethyl,-3,5,5tris(trimethylsiloxy) tetrasiloxane, Dodecanoic acid, ethyl ester, t-Butyl hydrogen phthalate) showed moderate levels of a peak area percent except3, 4-Dihydroxy-α-(isopropylaminomethyl)-benzyl alcohol (isoproterenol) as it shows only 1.73 as peak area percent, which was found to be lowcompared to other compounds identified. No compound was present in trace amount. The range of retention time falls within the range of 4.79to 35.15.Conclusion: The antimicrobial property could be attributed due to the phytochemicals present in brown rice. Essential oil, sterols and various otherbioactive constituents present in it would have been responsible for the antibacterial, antifungal activity. Brown rice is a whole grain which could begerminated to improve its overall health benefits. Brown rice extract finds applications in pharmaceutical preparations.Keywords: Antibacterial, Antifungal, Brown rice, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry

IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TERMINALIA CATAPPA NUTS

Objective: The main objective of the study is to assess the secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities of Terminalia catappa nut as it is not a commercialized nut.Methods: The secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities were experimented by adopting recommended standard procedures using aqueous extract of Terminalia catappa nut powder- 25, 50, 75, 100mg.Results: The total phenolics content was higher on comparison with flavonoid content. Likewise, among the antioxidant activities, nitric oxide scavenging (257.33±2.30mg/g) as well as reducing power activity (142.66±6.11mg/g) was higher compared to total antioxidant (82.66±6.11mg/g) and metal chelating activity (64.66±2.30mg/g).Conclusion: The results obtained shows that it contains phenolics and flavonoid, which in turn induces antioxidant activities. Hence, this might act as a potential antioxidant, and needs further characterization and purification. Key words: Antioxidant, Aqueous extract, Nuts, Secondary metabolites, Terminalia catapp

ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF BAUHINIA PURPUREA (L) LEAF

Objective: Bauhinia purpurea is called as Mandarai in Tamil and in English as butterfly tree. The aim of the present study was to determine the secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities of shade dried Bauhinia purpurea leaf aqueous extract. Methods: Quantitative analysis for total phenolics was done by Folin-ciocalteau method and total flavonoids by aluminium chloride method. Likewise, various antioxidant activities were assessed by following standard methods. Results: The flavonoid content was higher (160.0±6.9mg/g) compared to phenolics (126.66± 6.11mg/g). Similarly, the nitric oxide scavenging activity (258.66±4.61mg/g) and reducing power activity (141.33±2.30mg/g) was found to be higher compared to total antioxidant (81.33±6.11mg/g) and metal chelating activity (30.66±2.30mg/g). Conclusion: The results obtained reveal that Bauhinia purpurea leaf extract proves to be a good antioxidant and needs further characterization to confirm its diversified therapeutic applications

Non-destructive Analysis Of Trace Textile Fiber Evidence Via Room-temperature Fluorescence Spectrocopy

Forensic fiber evidence plays an important role in many criminal investigations. Nondestructive techniques that preserve the physical integrity of the fibers for further court examination are highly valuable in forensic science. Non-destructive techniques that can either discriminate between similar fibers or match a known to a questioned fiber - and still preserve the physical integrity of the fibers for further court examination - are highly valuable in forensic science. When fibers cannot be discriminated by non-destructive tests, the next reasonable step is to extract the questioned and known fibers for dye analysis with a more selective technique such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and/or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The common denominator among chromatographic techniques is to primarily focus on the dyes used to color the fibers and do not investigate other potential discriminating components present on the fiber. Differentiating among commercial dyes with very similar chromatographic behaviors and almost identical absorption spectra and/or fragmentation patterns is a challenging task. This dissertation explores a different aspect of fiber analysis as it focuses on the total fluorescence emission of fibers. In addition to the contribution of the textile dye (or dyes) to the fluorescence spectrum of the fiber, we investigate the contribution of intrinsic fluorescence impurities – i.e. impurities imbedded into the fibers during fabrication of garments - as a reproducible source of fiber comparison. Differentiation of visually indistinguishable fibers is achieved by comparing excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) recorded from single textile fibers with the aid of a commercial spectrofluorimeter coupled to an epi-fluorescence microscope. Statistical data comparison was carried out via principal component analysis. An application of iv this statistical approach is demonstrated using challenging dyes with similarities both in twodimensional absorbance spectra and in three dimensional EEM data. High accuracy of fiber identification was observed in all the cases and no false positive identifications were observed at 99% confidence levels

A Survey on Natural Inspired Computing (NIC): Algorithms and Challenges

Nature employs interactive images to incorporate end users2019; awareness and implication aptitude form inspirations into statistical/algorithmic information investigation procedures. Nature-inspired Computing (NIC) is an energetic research exploration field that has appliances in various areas, like as optimization, computational intelligence, evolutionary computation, multi-objective optimization, data mining, resource management, robotics, transportation and vehicle routing. The promising playing field of NIC focal point on managing substantial, assorted and self-motivated dimensions of information all the way through the incorporation of individual opinion by means of inspiration as well as communication methods in the study practices. In addition, it is the permutation of correlated study parts together with Bio-inspired computing, Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning that revolves efficient diagnostics interested in a competent pasture of study. This article intend at given that a summary of Nature-inspired Computing, its capacity and concepts and particulars the most significant scientific study algorithms in the field

The Impact of Different Image Thresholding based Mammogram Image Segmentation- A Review

Images are examined and discretized numerical capacities. The goal of computerized image processing is to enhance the nature of pictorial data and to encourage programmed machine elucidation. A computerized imaging framework ought to have fundamental segments for picture procurement, exceptional equipment for encouraging picture applications, and a tremendous measure of memory for capacity and info/yield gadgets. Picture segmentation is the field broadly scrutinized particularly in numerous restorative applications and still offers different difficulties for the specialists. Segmentation is a critical errand to recognize districts suspicious of tumor in computerized mammograms. Every last picture have distinctive sorts of edges and diverse levels of limits. In picture transforming, the most regularly utilized strategy as a part of extricating articles from a picture is "thresholding". Thresholding is a prevalent device for picture segmentation for its straightforwardness, particularly in the fields where ongoing handling is required

The Virtues shown by Rama in the Nalaiyira Divya Prabandham

Virtue, wealth, happiness, and home/body are considered important for the lives of the people of the world. The first of them is a virtue. Morality is essential for individual life. All Tamil literature is based on the emphasis on morality. In Ramaavatharam, the incarnation of Tirumal, in his way of life, it is mentioned in the article on the virtue of Rama in his life, about his love and brotherhood without getting angry, to make sacrifices with love and brotherhood, to be friendly with good people, and to the manner in which he attains the Lord in the way of grace, and the manner in which he attains to the Lord in the way of grace, and the manner in which Rama has performed a hymn in his life, and how the Azhwars composed the hymns of the Lord as their refuge. The morality of the eleven scriptures found in the Pathinen Kilkanakku books is explained as evidence. The concepts of virtue and the semantic explanation of virtue are given. The virtues found in the shrines where the Azhwars sang imagining Thirumala as Rama is explained