Governance of biotechnology in Africa: the challenge of reconciling interdependencies and differences

The article argues that an informed understanding of the differences and interdependencies among different stakeholders within the biotechnology and biosafety arena is a key issue in the unpacking of challenges facing development and implementation of biosafety systems in Africa. Advocating for a move beyond rhetoric, the article calls for a more nuanced and context-driven approach to biosafety as an avenue for raising chances of success for policy processes and making best use of available resources. Failure to adequately define and delimit the interests and concerns of various stakeholders, and embedding them within a science-based assessment of biosafety brings more harm than good to efforts by countries to develop and implement biosafety systems

Buoyancy Effects on Thermal Boundary Layer Over a Vertical Plate With a Convective Surface Boundary Condition

This study aims to analyze the effects of thermal buoyancy on the laminar boundary layer about a vertical plate in a uniform stream of fluid under a convective surface boundary condition. Using a similarity variable, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations have been transformed into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically by applying shooting iteration technique together with fourth-order Runge–Kutta integration scheme. The variations in dimensionless surface temperature and fluid-solid interface characteristics for different values of Prandtl number (Pr), local Grashof number Grx, and local convective heat transfer parameter Bix are graphed and tabulated. A comparison with previously published results on special case of the problem shows excellent agreement

UNSTEADY MIXED CONVECTION WITH SORET AND DUFOUR EFFECTS PAST A POROUS PLATE MOVING THROUGH A BINARY MIXTURE OF CHEMICALLY REACTING FLUID

This study investigates the unsteady mixed convection flow past a vertical porous flat plate moving through a binary mixture in the presence of radiative heat transfer and nth-order Arrhenius type of irreversible chemical reaction by taking into account the diffusion-thermal (Dufour) and thermo-diffusion (Soret) effects. Assuming an optically thin radiating fluid and using a local similarity variable, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations have been transformed into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically by applying shooting iteration technique together with fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. Graphical results for the dimensionless velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions are shown for various values of the thermophysical parameters controlling the flow regime. Finally, numerical values of physical quantities, such as the local skin-friction coefficient, the local Nusselt number, and the local Sherwood number are presented in tabular form

Hydromagnetic mixed convection stagnation point flow with radiative heat and mass transfer past a vertical plate embedded in a porous medium

A study has been carried out to obtain the solutions for hydromagnetic mixed convection stagnation point flow with radiative heat and mass transfer past a vertical plate embedded in a porous medium. The governing two dimensional equations are transformed using a similarity transformation and then solved numerically by shooting method coupled with Runge-Kutta iteration technique. Comparison with previously published work is performed and full agreement is obtained. A parametric study illustrating the influence of the magnetic field parameter, thermal radiation parameter, thermal Grashof number, Grashof numbers, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, on the velocity, temperature, and concentration field as well as the local friction coefficient, the local Nusselt number and the Sherwood number is carried out. The results are illustrated graphically and in tabular form to depict special features of the solutions

Combined effects of internal heat generation and buoyancy force on boundary layer over a vertical plate with a convective surface boundary condition

This paper considers the effect of buoyancy force and internal heat generation on laminar thermal boundary layer over a vertical plate with a convective surface boundary condition. We assumed that left surface of the plate is in contact with a hot fluid while a stream of cold fluid flows steadily over the right surface with a heat source that decays exponentially. Using a similarity variable, the steady state governing non-linear partial differential equations have been transformed into a set of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically by applying shooting iteration technique together with fourth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. The effects of Prandtl number, local Biot number, the internal heat generation parameter and the local Grashof number on the velocity and temperature profiles are illustrated and interpreted in physical terms. A comparison with previously published results on special case of the problem shows excellent agreemen

Unsteady convection with chemical reaction and radiative heat transfer past a flat porous plate moving through a binary mixture

In this paper, the problem of unsteady convection with chemical reaction and radiative heat transfer past a flat porous platemoving through a binarymixture in an optically thin environment is presented. The dimensionless governing equations for this investigation are solved numerically by the fourth-order Runge–Kutta integration scheme along with shooting technique. Numerical data for the local skin-friction coefficient, the local Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number have been tabulated for various values of parametric conditions. Graphical results for velocity, temperature and concentration profiles based on the numerical solutions are presented and discusse

An Analysis of Land Use Succession and Property Value in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Land use succession systems have played a crucial role in cities transformation, evading and mitigating the adverse impacts on property value and unplanned development. However, such developments were not aimed at ensuring orderly spatial development which is consistent with land use and sustainable development. This study determined the trends in properties values between the year 2002 and 2016 and examined the relationship between rental values and types of Land Use Succession (LUS) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. This was to provide information that could enhance property investment decision.           Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were obtained through the use of the questionnaire. This was administered to landlords, Estate Surveyors and Valuers and on the official of Ife Central Town Planning and Land Services Department. Data were collected from the respondents on the three major roads where LUS was prevalent. Four hundred and fifty buildings were identified out of which 50% were selected. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as trend analysis and Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result showed that residential properties increased by 42.2% while commercial property increased by 57.8% between the year 2002 and 2016. The result also showed a significant statistical relationship between properties values and types of LUS with corresponding P-values of 0.000, 0.000 and 0.019 for residential-commercial, residential cum commercial and residential-religion types of LUS respectively. The study concluded that an increase in rental value as a result of LUS is capable of enhancing property investment decision

Pragmatic Acts In HIV/AIDS Social Management Advertisements

Studies on the social management of HIV and AIDS have focused on how awareness about HIV and AIDS has been created through organised and interpersonal communication. These studies have not investigated context-constrained language use in the advertisements on the disease despite the wide coverage and potential effectiveness of the public sensitisation about HIV and AIDS. This study, therefore, investigated the pragmatic features of language in selected HIV and AIDS management advertisements with a view to identifying the pragmatic acts of the language. Aspects of pragmatic act theory, noted for negotiability of meaning context based interactional situations was adopted for the research. All the 25 advertisements broadcast between December 2006 and June 2009, to all African countries on both private and government-owned television stations in Nigeria by an International non-governmental agency known as 'it begins with you' (YOU) constituted the data. Fifty–four utterances were generated from the adverts and were subjected to qualitative analysis and reported in simple percentages. Six pragmatic functions manifested in the advertisements: Co-opting and Projecting were realised through inference (INF), shared situational knowledge (SSK) and relevance (REL) to bring the audience into the war against HIV/AIDS. Encouraging and Emboldening were projected through SSK and INF to motivate the audience to go for HIV test and speak openly about the virus. Instigating was done using indirect speech act to empower the female against discrimination and stigmatisation. Advising was achieved through SSK and INF to promote fidelity and safe sexual behaviour. The analysis of YOU advertisements through pragmatic act theory presupposes that pragmatic functions were exploited by the advertisers to sensitise the audience, promote social ties and project into an HIV free generation

On a Certain Family of Meromorphic p- valent Functions with Negative Coefficients

In this paper, we introduce and study a new subclass  of meromorphically p-valent functions with negative coefficients. A detailed abstract is available in the PDF full text. AMS  mathematics Subject Classification: 30C45. Key Words: Meromophic, p-valent, Distortion, Convolution