Comparative study between conventional extra capsular cataract extraction versus manual small incision cataract surgery

Background: Recent reports indicate that both manual small incision cataract surgery and extra capsular cataract excision surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation are safe and effective for treatment of cataract surgery, however, manual small incision cataract surgery gives better uncorrected vision. Objectives of the study were to compare intraoperative and postoperative complications, to compare induced astigmatism and to compare the visual rehabilitation.Methods: This is a prospective study of 100 consecutive patients assigned to undergo conventional extra capsular cataract excision surgery (50 cases) and manual small incision cataract surgery (50 cases). Study was done for a period of two years at a tertiary care referral hospital. Institutional Ethics Committee permission was taken. Also the informed consent was obtained from each patient.Results: In conventional ECCE, the most common surgically induced astigmatism was WTR in 73.4% of cases with mean of 2.79 D±1.3 on first day. 70% of cases with mean 2.1 D±1.28 and 64% of cases with mean of 1.86 D±1.14 at six weeks. ATR was common in MSICS group, 83.67% of cases with mean of 1.5 D±0.72 on first day, 86% of cases with mean of 1.03 D±0.6 at one week and 88% of cases with mean of 1.27 D±0.81 at six weeks. The induced astigmatism was less in MSICS group compared to ECCE group at first day but after six weeks there was no much significant difference found. Early visual recovery was better in MSICS groupConclusions: MSICS has definitive advantages over conventional ECCE in terms of early visual rehabilitation, minimal surgically induced astigmatism; no suture related complications and reduced surgical time

A study of clinical and ophthalmologic profile of patients undergoing cataract surgery

Background: Intraocular lens implantation is the only surgical approach available mostly in developing countries. Thus cataract constitutes as the leading cause of blindness in developing countries as many patients with cataract do not have access to hospitals and surgery. Objective was to study the clinical and ophthalmologic profile of patients undergoing cataract surgery.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 100 cataract patients assigned to undergo conventional extra capsular cataract excision surgery for a period of two years in a tertiary care referral hospital. One day before the surgery these patients were admitted to the indoor wards of department of ophthalmology. From each patient, detailed history was obtained. Visual acuity was checked with Snellen’s visual acuity chart and pinhole improvement was noted.Results: Maximum prevalence was seen in the age group of 51-60 years i.e. 37% followed by 61-70 years of 30%. Thus cataract is seen more commonly in the age group of above 50 years. Prevalence of cataract was more in females (59%) as compared to 41% in males. Cortical cataract constituted 86% of total cases and remaining 14% were constituted by nuclear type of cataract. Majority of the patients i.e. 59% had visual acuity of less than 1/60 followed by 33% of having 5/60 to 1/60. 58% of the patients had against the rule type of astigmatism. 34% of the patients had with the rule type of astigmatism. Only 8% had NOA type of astigmatism.Conclusions: Increasing age and female gender were the most important risk factors in the present study. Cortical type of cataract was more common than nuclear type of cataract. Maximum had low vision

Misplaced Boys

The stories in Misplaced Boys present characters deeply affected by parental relationships. The stories are set in locations across the U.S.—Baltimore, New York, Kansas; an elementary school, a suburban home—and feature characters grappling with the question of how to live in the absence of a parental figure: a young and inexperienced teacher trying to reconcile the gaping disparities between expectation and reality; a successful voice actor selling his voice and dealing with the consequences; a delusional man who becomes obsessed with self-reliance after his father’s death and clambers to get to his funeral; an elementary school boy trying to raise his brothers after their mother enters a coma

One-Pot Three Component Synthesis of N-Arulquinolines

N-arlquinolines derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds having important pharmaceutical and biological activities. These compounds are used as antiplasmodial, intrinsic, cytotoxic, functional, antibacterial, antiproliferative, antimalarial, and even anti-cancer. The current methods of synthesis for these compounds such as; Skraup, Doebner-Von Miller, Conrad Limbach, Combes and Pfitzinger are unappealing to many. These methods are either costly, dangerous, time consuming or inefficient. In this presentation we report 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane known as DABCO as an efficient catalyst for one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 2-Amino-7-7-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,-diphenyl- 1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carbonitriles from aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and 3- aryl-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohex-2-en-1-ones in DMF at room temperature. This procedure is an efficient and environmentally friendly approach for preparing N-arlquinonlines derivatives that offers many other advantages over previous methods such as: short reaction time, high yielding products, low cost, a high level of ease, and straight forward work-up. Different aromatic aldehydes have been used to show the general catalytic application of DABCO for this reaction. All products were completely characterized via spectroscopy methods, such as IR and NMR as well as melting points. Different features of this reaction will be presented at the symposium.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2014/1026/thumbnail.jp

Molecular studies on some soil-Streptomyces strains of western region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)

Random amplified polymorphic of DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) analysis of the DNA extracted from seven Streptomyces strains of western region, KSA was the aim of this study. Partial sequence of 16S rRNA gene of Streptomyces polychromogenes was also attempted. Results show that a total number of 240 amplified fragments were amplified using 10 RAPD-PCR primers (OPA11, OPB10, OPB15, OPC03, OPC07, OPC18, OPD05, OPE05, OPO14 and OPO17). A total number of 97, 73, 88, 79, 100, 108 and 82 fragments were amplified from the DNA extracts of S. polychromogenes, Streptomyces chattanoogensis, Streptomyces lucensis, Streptomyces antibioticus, Streptomyces violans, Streptomyces griseorubiginosus and Streptomyces violaceus, respectively. An obvious variation in the amplified fragments was recorded using the 10 RAPD-PCR primers (31, 27, 17, 19, 23, 29, 24, 26, 23 and 21 fragments for the primers, respectively). The highest similarity (66.7%) was found between S. lucensis and S. chattanoogensis; lowest similarity (35%) was recorded between the gray S. chattanoogensis and the red S. violaceus. The 16S rRNA gene was isolated via PCR from the DNA of S. polychromogenes (1) and sequenced. Fragments of 1003 and 837 nts were amplified using the forward and reverse primers, respectively. On matching, a final sequence of about 1452 nts (GenBank: JQ962978.1) was obtained and compared with five universal Streptomyces strains and four bacterial clones. The percent identities between the isolate of this study and the compared bacterial strains was lowest (79.1%) compared to HQ844464.1 and highest (98.3%) compared to EU520331.1. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA gene) features, the strain could be classified as a new strain of S. polychromogenes.Keywords: Identification, Streptomyces, RAPD-PCR, 16S rRNA gene, KSAAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(19), pp. 2558-256

Mesoscopic modelling of the interaction of infrared lasers with composite materials: an application to dental enamel

The mesostructure and composition of composite materials determine their mechanical, optical and thermal properties and, consequently, their response to incident radiation. We have developed general finite element models of porous composite materials under infrared radiation to examine the influence of pore size on one of the determining parameters of the stress distribution in the material: the temperature distribution. We apply them to the specific case of human dental enamel, a material which has nanometer scale pores containing water/organic, and predict the maximum temperature reached after a single 0.35 μs laser pulse of sub-ablative fluence by two lasers: Er:YAG (2.9 μm) and CO2 (10.6 μm). For the Er:YAG laser, the results imply a strong dependence of the maximum temperature reached at the pore on the area-to-volume ratio of the pore, whereas there is little such dependence for CO2 lasers. Thus, CO2 lasers may produce more reproducible results than Er:YAG lasers when it comes to enamel ablation, which may be of significant interest during clinical practice. More generally, when ablating composite materials by infrared lasers researchers should account for the material’s microstructure and composition when designing experiments or interpreting results, since a more simplistic continuum approach may not be sufficient to explain differences observed during ablation of materials with similar optical properties or of the same material but using different wavelengths

QUENCHING OF N-NITROSOPYRROLIDINE INDUCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA ON POST TREATMENT WITH THE HELICTERES ISORA

Objective: The present study was aimed at probing the protective potential of Helicteres isora hydroethanolic stem bark extract (HIHSBE) againstN-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Swiss albino male mice.Method: Mice were divided into six groups of six mice in each. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was induced by single intraperitoneal injection ofthe carcinogen nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR). Followed by the subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Carcinogen treated mice were thenorally administered with Helicteres isora hydroethanolic stem bark extract (HIHSBE) at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg once daily for 4 weeks followedby investigation of liver injury markers like alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Tumor markers alpha fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen were determined in serum. Levelof catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s- transferase (GST) and lipid peroxidation were also estimated.Results: The level of liver injury markers and antioxidant enzymes decreased in the liver tissue of NPYR treated mice compared to normal control mice.However, HIHSBE post treatment increased the level of these enzymes compared to only carcinogen treated mice. HIHSBE also lowered the level of tumormarkers and lipid peroxidation in serum and liver tissue of mice bearing HCC respectively. Histological studies also supported biochemical investigations.Conclusion: The chemopreventive effect of HIHSBE is well supported in our study as it hinders the development of HCC by interacting with ROSduring carcinogenesis and thus counterbalancing the antioxidant defense system as analyzed.Keywords: Helicteres isora, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Liver enzymes, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, Oxidative stress

Surat Edaran Menag Nomor 05 Tahun 2022 dalam Perspektif Islam Wasathiyah: Analisis Fungsi Toa, dan Pendapat Ulama

The Minister of Religious Affairs Circular Letter No. 05/2022 regarding guidelines for the use of loudspeakers in mosques and prayer rooms has attracted attention from various groups, including representatives of the people. This study aims to: (1) Understand the definition of "syiar" (Islamic propagation) and the function of loudspeakers as a means of syiar; (2) Understand the opinions of scholars in assessing the circular letter regarding the volume guidelines for loudspeakers; (3) Understand the perspective of "Wasathiyah" (moderation) in evaluating the circular letter regarding the volume guidelines for loudspeakers. The regulation of loudspeaker volume aims to create a sense of comfort for all segments of society. "Islam Wasathiyah" is considered an appropriate solution to address the challenges faced by Muslims, particularly regarding tolerance among different religious communities and within the same religious community. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with the technique of reading and note-taking as the data collection method. The main data sources include the Minister of Religious Affairs Circular Letter No. 05/2022, relevant journals, and related news articles. Data processing involves several stages, including data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The findings include: (1) "Siyar" is the activity of manifesting symbols of Islam, and loudspeakers are currently considered as instruments of syiar used for the call to prayer, "iqamah," and other religious activities. (2) Scholars from the Indonesian Council of Ulema (MUI), Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), and Muhammadiyah agree that regulating the volume of loudspeakers is crucial to create mutual comfort. (3) The Minister of Religious Affairs Circular Letter No. 05/2022 reflects the values of "Wasathiyah" in the effort to achieve consensus and diversity in the use of loudspeakers. Abstrak Surat Edaran Menag Nomor 05 Tahun 2022 tentang pedoman penggunaan pengeras suara masjid dan musala telah menuai sorotan dari berbagai kalangan, termasuk para wakil rakyat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui definisi tentang syiar dan fungsi TOA sebagai alat syiar; (2) Mengetahui pendapat para ulama dalam menilai surat edaran tentang pedoman volume pengeras suara; (3) Mengetahui perspektif wasathiyah dalam menilai surat edaran tentang pedoman volume pengeras suara. Pengaturan volume pengeras suara bertujuan untuk menciptakan rasa nyaman bagi semua kalangan. Islam Wasathiyah dipandang sebagai solusi yang tepat dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan umat Islam terkait toleransi antar umat beragama dan seagama. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik baca dan catat sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Sumber data utama adalah Surat Edaran Menag Nomor 05 Tahun 2022, jurnal-jurnal sebagai kajian terdahulu, dan berita-berita terkait. Pengolahan data dilakukan melalui tahap reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Adapun hasil antara lain (1) Syiar merupakan kegiatan menampakkan simbol-simbol agama Islam, sedangkan TOA saat ini dianggap sebagai alat syiar yang digunakan untuk azan, iqamah, dan kegiatan keagamaan lainnya. (2) Para ulama dari MUI, NU, dan Muhammadiyah sepakat bahwa pengaturan volume pengeras suara sangat penting untuk menciptakan kenyamanan bersama. (3) Surat Edaran Menag Nomor 05 Tahun 2022 mencerminkan nilai-nilai wasathiyah dalam upaya mencapai kesepakatan dan keberagaman penggunaan pengeras suara

Microencapsulation Improved Probiotics Survival During Gastric Transit

Several studies have demonstrated differences among strains of probiotic bacteria with regard to their survival in acid environment. Probiotics must survive in gastric acids to reach the small intestine and colonize the host for appropriate prevention and management of several gastrointestinal diseases. To improve the survival rates of probiotic microorganisms during gastric transit, microencapsulation is considered to be a promising process. A variety of polymers are commonly used for microencapsulation. Thus, there is a widespread interest in the improvement of the physical and mechanical stability of the polymers use in probiotics encapsulation. In addition, there is a developing trend toward the use of milk proteins as encapsulation device. To fulfill many demands of a successful probiotics encapsulation, different techniques have been applied to increase the resistance of these sensitive microorganisms against gastric conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review the effect of microencapsulation on survival of probiotics in an in vitro model simulating gastric transit