Smart City, tendencias y evolución: Un análisis bibliométrico

A smart city places people at the centre of development and incorporates ICTs into urban management as a response to problems such as pollution, insecurity, and congestion. Developed countries focus on improving the quality of life of their inhabitants and work on making cities intelligent, inclusive, and sustainable spaces. In academia, the term "smart city" has been gaining interest, as shown by a review of Clarivate's WoS database, which shows 9 records for 2011 rising to 950 records in 2019. The search results showed a sample of 2833 documents in the period from 2001 - 2019. As an area of knowledge in development, it is relevant to know the trends that frame its evolution. The proposed analysis is based on the postulates of bibliometrics and scientometrics, which through the co-occurrence of data and the strength of links between components of a network, infers related bodies of knowledge in an objective manner, recognizing hot topics, declining themes, relevant publications, among others. The VOSviewer software was used as an information processing tool, which is a open source software that provides the construction and visualization of knowledge networks, which facilitates their exploration. In this study one can see that the knowledge area is focused on 3 themes: 1) Development of cities based on innovation and sustainability, 2) design and administration of cities by means of Internet and the Internet of Things as well as 3) frameworks based on bigdata aimed at governance. These results guide researchers interested in broadening the horizons of this theme and in seeking new paradigms related to the Smart city.Una ciudad inteligente, es una ciudad que sitúa a las personas como centro de desarrollo e incorpora TICS en la gestión urbana como respuesta a problemas como la contaminación, inseguridad y congestión. Los países desarrollados se enfocan en mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes y trabajan en hacer de las ciudades, espacios inteligentes, incluyentes y sostenibles. En el ámbito académico, el término “smart city” ha tenido un interés en aumento, como se demuestra en una búsqueda en la base de datos WoS de Clarivate, en la cual se registran 9 records para el 2011 incrementándose a 950 records en 2019. De los resultados de la búsqueda se obtuvo una muestra de 2833 documentos en el periodo entre 2001 – 2019. Al ser un área de conocimiento en desarrollo es relevante conocer las tendencias que enmarcan su evolución. El análisis propuesto se basa en los postulados de la bibliometría y la cienciometría, que por medio del examen de los patrones de coocurrencia de términos y de la evaluación de la fortaleza de vínculos entre componentes de una red, se infiere la existencia de grupos o clusters de conocimiento, se reconocen temáticas emergentes, temáticas en declive, publicaciones relevantes, entre otras. Para el procesamiento de datos se implementó la herramienta VOSviewer, el cual es un software gratuito para la visualización de redes de conocimiento. En el estudio se puede observar que el área de conocimiento se focaliza en 3 temáticas: 1) Desarrollo de ciudades a partir de la innovación y sostenibilidad, 2) diseño y administración de ciudades a través del internet e internet de las cosas y 3) marcos de trabajo basados en bigdata encaminados hacia la gobernanza. Estos resultados orientan a los investigadores interesados en ampliar los horizontes de esta temática y en buscar nuevos paradigmas relacionados con Smart city

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

Effect of sociodemographic factors in entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention in university students of latin american business schools

This chapter is designed with the aim to determine the influence of sociodemographic variables on the capacity to generate social enterprises, such as sex, the student’s country, if only they study or if they study and work, as well as if they participate or direct a social enterprise in university students of Latin American business schools. This research adopted an inductive quantitative approach using a questionnaire. The participants were university students of business schools from Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Second-generation structural equation method (SEM-PLS) was used to analyse the results, using the SmartPLS 3.2.7 software applied to data on 3,739 university students. The results suggest that the entrepreneur role, labour situation, country and sex have a moderating effect in the relation between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Also, by using resampling technique Bootstrapping (5,000 times, p < 0.01), significance of the trajectory coefficients (beta) and effect size of the coefficients (beta) were measured to demonstrate significance. Finally, with this research the authors ascertain that entrepreneurial orientation positively influences entrepreneurial intention. thus explaining 42.4% of its variance. This chapter is the first attempt on investigating in university students of Latin American business schools about factors of entrepreneurship orientation and entrepreneurship intention, and has strong potential to contribute to development of policies and strategies to promote the growth of entrepreneurship activities in the universities