Antioxidant activity of isolated compounds in non-volatile residue from orange essential oil

6 páginas, 3 figuras.[ES] Existe un creciente interés en la industria alimentaria y en la medicina preventiva por la búsqueda de «antioxidantes naturales», por lo que nos planteamos evaluar la actividad antioxidante del residuo no volátil del aceite esencial de naranja contra la oxidación del aceite de oliva sin retinar y de reciente extracción. Mediante destilación del aceite esencial de naranja se obtuvo el residuo no-volátil, el cual se fraccionó en columna de silica gel 60. La actividad antioxidante fue medida por el valor de peróxidos producidos por el aceite de oliva al provocar la oxidación por calentamiento a 70 °C durante 48 h. Se aislaron seis compuestos mediante H PLC preparativo de los cuales cuatro tuvieron actividad antioxidante. Usando métodos espectroscópicos se identificaron a-tocoferol y tres flavonas metoxiladas. Con este estudio se confirmó que la fracción no volátil del aceite esencial de naranja contiene antioxidantes naturales diferentes al a-tocoferol.[EN] There has been a growing interest in the food industry and in preventive medicine to search for «natural antioxidants». Therefore the objetive of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the non-volatile residue of essential orange oil in the oxidation of unrefined and freshly extracted olive oil. Essential orange oil was distilled to obtain a non-volatile residue and fracctionated on a Silica Gel 60 column. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring peroxide value obtained after heating olive oil at 70 °C for 48 h. Six compounds were isolated and purified, four of these had antioxidant activity, a-tocopherol and three methoxylated flavones were identified using spectroscopic methods. This study confirmed that non-volatile fractions of essential orange oil contain natural antioxidants diferent from a-tocopherol.Peer reviewe

Absorption and cutaneous deposition of yellow pigment in male and female broilers in response to different levels of xanthophylls from Tagetes erecta

To determine the saturation point of absorption and cutaneous deposition of yellow xanthophylls (XA) in broilers, two hundred and sixteen Ross 308 chickens (108 males and 108 females) were sorted by sex and randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments containing 6 replications of 6 birds each. Treatments consisted of increasing levels of xanthophylls from Aztec marigold flower (Tagetes erecta) (65, 92, 119, 146, 173, and 200 ppm). Weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion were measuredweekly. Plasma pigment levels and skin yellowness in live birds were measured twice per week. Growth performance was analysed through ANOVA for a 6X2 factorial arrangement, where the first factor was the XA adding at six levels, and the second factor was sex at two levels. Pigment plasma concentration and skin yellowness were fitted into a multiple linear regression model. Results indicated that the highest levels of plasma xanthophylls and skin yellowness were found after 28 d of feeding. Skin yellowness increased by 2.24 b* for every d of xanthophylls consumption. In the females, skin yellowness was 1.35 b* higher than in the males. Increasing dietary xanthophylls by 10 ppm was reflected in 0.83 b* of increase in skin yellowness

Study of Melamine-Formaldehyde/Phase Change Material Microcapsules for the Preparation of Polymer Films by Extrusion

n-Eicosane-melamine formaldehyde microcapsules of an average size of 1.1 µm and latent heat of fusion of 146.2 ± 5.3 J/g have been prepared. They have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, calorimetric techniques, and thermogravimetric analyses. Under processing conditions, the microcapsules apparently preserved their properties, also maintaining their n-eicosane loading and heat storage capacity under washing conditions (water with detergent at 60¿C). The microcapsules synthesis has been scaled up for the fabrication of functional films by extrusion. For that, polymer films containing 10 wt.% of microcapsules were prepared at a pilot plant level. In those films, even though a fraction of the n-eicosane loading was lost during the extrusion process, the microcapsules showed good compatibility within the polyamide. The percentage of PCM in the polyamide 6 films was estimated by TGA, verifying also the heat storage capacity predicted by DSC (2.6 ± 0.7 J/g). © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

What makes Input-Output Tables of Trade of Raw Material Goods Peculiar Networks? The World and Mexican Cases

This paper examines several peculiarities of Input-Output Tables (IOTs) of trade of raw material goods when treated as networks. Methodology: two IOTs of trade of raw material goods (World and Mexico) are compared with a network with a scale free distribution and hierarchical organization (an email database) by using distinct centralities and statistics from graph theory. Results: IOTs are a very particular type of graph due to their idiosyncrasies, for which standard graph measures cannot provide satisfactory results, and which have to be adapted to give a fragmented picture of the whole network. Recommendations: analytical tools of network theory applied to IOTs substantially improve the understanding of trade of raw material goods, both at the national and the global level, which is useful in the design of trade policy. Limitations: this research does not include random walk centrality and regime switching from external shocks. Originality: this is a novel research that enlightens the particularities of the IOTs, seen as networks, for the Mexican case. Conclusions: this investigation finds important particularities of IOTs when compared with other networks

Effect of a 24-week concurrent exercise intervention on neck adiposity and its distribution in young adults: the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial

Neck adipose tissue (NAT) accumulation and neck circumference are independent predictors of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and low-grade chronic inflammation in young adults. The present study examines whether a 24-week concurrent exercise intervention can reduce NAT volume and neck circumference in young adults, and whether any changes in these variables are related to changes in body composition, CMR, and the inflammatory profile. Seventy-four participants (51 women, age 22 & PLUSMN; 2 years) were included in the main analyses, after being randomly assigned to either a (a) control (n = 34), (b) moderate-intensity exercise (n = 19), or (c) vigorous-intensity exercise (n = 21) group. Participants in the exercise groups trained 3-4 days/ week (endurance + resistance exercise training). NAT volume and NAT distribution across different depots were estimated using computed tomography before and after the intervention. Anthropometric variables, body composition (determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and CMR/inflammatory markers were also recorded. The exercise intervention did not reduce the total NAT volume, nor was NAT distribution affected (p > .05). However, it did reduce neck circumference in the vigorous-intensity exercise group compared with the moderate-intensity exercise and control groups (by 0.8 and 1 cm, respectively, p <_ .05). Changes in total NAT and neck circumference were positively, albeit weakly, related (adj. R2: .05-.21, all p <_ .05) to changes in body weight and adiposity, leptin (only total NAT), and CMR (only neck circumference). Altogether 24 weeks of concurrent exercise does not appear to reduce NAT accumulation in young adults, but may slightly reduce neck circumference in those who in exercise.Metabolic health: pathophysiological trajectories and therap

Real-world assessment and characteristics of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in primary care and urology clinics in Spain

Objectives: To describe the real-world demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) as a result of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Spain. Methodology: This observational, retrospective, multicentre study conducted in primary care and urology clinics in Spain included men aged ≥50 years diagnosed (≤8 years prior to study visit) with LUTS caused by BPH. The primary endpoint was demographic and clinical characteristics; secondary endpoints included disease progression and diagnostic tests across both healthcare settings. Results: A total of 670 patients were included (primary care: n = 435; urology: n = 235). Most patients had moderate/severe LUTS (74.6%) and prostate volume >30 cc (81.7%), with no differences between settings. More patients had prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≥1.5 ng/mL in primary care (74.5%) versus urology (67.7%). Progression criteria were prevalent (48.9%). Clinical criteria were more commonly used than the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) to evaluate LUTS at diagnosis (primary care: clinical criteria 73.0%; IPSS: 26.9%; urology: clinical criteria 76.5%; IPSS: 23.4%). Proportion of patients with moderate/severe LUTS at diagnosis was lower using clinical criteria than IPSS, and the proportion of patients with 'worsening' LUTS (diagnosis to study visit) was higher when using clinical criteria versus IPSS. In both healthcare settings, the most commonly used diagnostic tests were general and urological clinical history and PSA. Conclusion: Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with BPH in Spain were similar in primary care and urology; however, assessment criteria to evaluate LUTS severity differ and are not completely aligned with clinical guideline recommendations. Increased use of recommended assessments may enhance optimal BPH management

Physical fitness reference standards for preschool children: the PREFIT project

Objectives: Reference values are necessary for classifying children, for health screening, and for early prevention as many non-communicable diseases aggravate during growth and development. While physical fitness reference standards are available in children aged 6 and older, such information is lacking in preschool children. Therefore, the purposes of this study were (1) to provide sex-and age-specific physical fitness reference standards for Spanish preschool children; and (2) to study sex differences across this age period and to characterise fitness performance throughout the preschool period. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: A total of 3179 preschool children (1678 boys) aged 2.8–6.4 years old from Spain were included in the present study. Physical fitness was measured using the PREFIT battery. Results: Age- and sex-specific percentiles for the physical fitness components are provided. Boys performed better than girls in the cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and speed-agility tests over the whole preschool period studied and for the different percentiles. In contrast, girls performed slightly better than boys in the balance test. Older children had better performance in all fitness tests than their younger counterparts. Conclusions: Our study provides age- and sex-specific physical fitness reference standards in preschool children allowing interpretation of fitness assessment. Sexual dimorphism in fitness tests exists already at preschool age, and these differences become larger with age. These findings will help health, sport, and school professionals to identify preschool children with a high/very low fitness level, to examine changes in fitness over time, and to analyse those changes obtained due to intervention effects.The PREFIT project takes place thanks to the funding linked to the Ramón y Cajal grant held by FBO (RYC-2011-09011). CC-S is supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2014-068829). JRR and FBO are supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC-2010-05957 and RYC-2011-09011, respectively). In addition, this study was further supported by the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigación 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES). Additional funding from the SAMID III network, RETICS, funded by the PNI+D+I 2017-2021 (Spain), ISCIII- Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion, the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (Ref. RD16/0022), the EXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health in Special Populations (DEP2005-00046/ACTI), the University of the Basque Country (GIU14/21), and the University of Zaragoza (JIUZ-2014-BIO-08)

Charge separation relative to the reaction plane in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}= 2.76 TeV

Measurements of charge dependent azimuthal correlations with the ALICE detector at the LHC are reported for Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV. Two- and three-particle charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in the pseudo-rapidity range $|\eta| < 0.8$ are presented as a function of the collision centrality, particle separation in pseudo-rapidity, and transverse momentum. A clear signal compatible with a charge-dependent separation relative to the reaction plane is observed, which shows little or no collision energy dependence when compared to measurements at RHIC energies. This provides a new insight for understanding the nature of the charge dependent azimuthal correlations observed at RHIC and LHC energies.Comment: 12 pages, 3 captioned figures, authors from page 2 to 6, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/286