FEATURES OF FINANCIAL AND LEGAL LIABILITY IN UKRAINE

The subject of the study is public relations in the field of financial and legal responsibility in Ukraine. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the methods of induction and deduction, the dialectical-materialistic method, the method of analysis and synthesis, and the historical method, which allowed for an objective understanding of the content and essence of the issues under study. The aim of the article is to analyse the theoretical aspects of the features of financial and legal liability in Ukraine in order to propose effective ways to improve the mechanism of these procedures. The results of the study have shown that the independence of financial responsibility in Ukraine is emphasised by the relevant criteria, which include the obligation of a person guilty of committing a financial offence to undergo measures of state coercion provided for by the sanctions of financial legislation. Conclusion. Financial responsibility in Ukraine is a legal relationship with a special procedural form of implementation. Financial and legal responsibility is an independent measure of financial sovereignty of the state, has its own legal nature and occupies a certain place in financial legal relations. At the same time, it should be said that liability for violation of financial legislation does not exist only within the framework of financial legislation. Financial responsibility is undoubtedly a type of legal responsibility and is primarily due to the special sphere of sectoral activity of the state and its authorised bodies, which today is considered to be the financial activity of the state, where not all subjects of law are involved, but only subjects of financial law and their financial obligations, which differ only in their ownership, price and public character. Another peculiarity is that, as a rule, financial and legal liability is by its nature restorative, aimed at eliminating negative and other undesirable consequences caused to the financial system of the state. This feature of financial and legal liability reflects the public nature of financial obligations, the fulfilment of which is ensured by the application of financial liability. Some peculiarities that distinguish financial liability in Ukraine are caused by the nature of financial offences that are the basis for financial liability and distinguish financial liability from other types of liability applied both in connection with administrative and disciplinary offences and in connection with criminalised financial crimes and civil offences, the subjects of which are usually independent individual subjects of financial activity, individuals, and companies

State tax policy of insurance companies on different stages of insurance market development

Peculiarities of taxation of insurance companies in Ukraine and Europe have been researched. Methodological principles determining the optimal level of tax burden for insurers, depending on the level of national insurance market development have been proposed. The forms of constructive and destructive effects of taxes on insurance companies functioning in the stages of development of the insurance market have been established. Keywords: insurance companies, tax, tax burden, income tax, optimization, mathematical formalizatio

Modulation of the pHLIP Transmembrane Helix Insertion Pathway

The membrane-associated folding/unfolding of pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) provides an opportunity to study how sequence variations influence the kinetics and pathway of peptide insertion into bilayers. Here, we present the results of steady-state and kinetics investigations of several pHLIP variants with different numbers of charged residues, with attached polar cargoes at the peptide\u27s membrane-inserting end, and with three single-Trp variants placed at the beginning, middle, and end of the transmembrane helix. Each pHLIP variant exhibits a pH-dependent interaction with a lipid bilayer. Although the number of protonatable residues at the inserting end does not affect the ultimate formation of helical structure across a membrane, it correlates with the time for peptide insertion, the number of intermediate states on the folding pathway, and the rates of unfolding and exit. The presence of polar cargoes at the peptide\u27s inserting end leads to the appearance of intermediate states on the insertion pathway. Cargo polarity correlates with a decrease of the insertion rate. We conclude that the existence of intermediate states on the folding and unfolding pathways is not mandatory and, in the simple case of a polypeptide with a noncharged and nonpolar inserting end, the folding and unfolding appears as an all-or-none transition. We propose a model for membrane-associated insertion/folding and exit/unfolding and discuss the importance of these observations for the design of new delivery agents for direct translocation of polar therapeutic and diagnostic cargo molecules across cellular membranes

METHOD OF NANO-CRYSTALLINE ALLOY RECEIVING

FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: it is implemented melting of alloy in capsule, then melt is pressed out through the hole in capsule on surface of rotating cooling disc with passing of constant current through the stream of melt and cooling disc at that changing of cooling rate of melt on cooling disc while passing of current is implemented by means of matching of current density value and directing of its behavior for forming of nano-structural condition of alloy with required grain size and its minimal dispersion. EFFECT: uniform nano-structure in alloy, maximal service properties. 1 tbl, 5 dwg.Изобретение относится к области металлургии и может быть использовано при производстве нанокристаллических материалов в виде ленты. Для получения необходимой однородной наноструктуры в сплаве, обеспечивающей его максимальные служебные свойства, осуществляют плавление сплава в тигле, затем расплав выдавливают через отверстие в тигле на поверхность вращающегося охлаждающего диска с пропусканием постоянного электрического тока через струю расплава и охлаждающий диск, при этом изменение скорости охлаждения расплава на охлаждающем диске при пропускании тока ведут путем подбора величины плотности тока и направления его протекания для формирования наноструктурного состояния сплава с требуемым размером зерна и его минимальной дисперсией. 1 з.п.ф-лы, 1 табл., 5 ил

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Measurement of the top quark mass using charged particles in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Search for anomalous couplings in boosted WW/WZ -> l nu q(q)over-bar production in proton-proton collisions at root s=8TeV

Peer reviewe